大学MOOC 学术英语阅读(广东工业大学)1457635163 最新慕课完整章节测试答案

1.1 In-Class Practice

1、单选题：
‏An academic definition has three compulsory components (1) a term to be defined; (2) the general class that the target term belongs to; (3) the differentiating features of the target term. Please identify to which categories the underlined part is in the following definition.‎‏‎‏Barometer is a meteorological instrument used for the measurement of atmospheric pressure.‎
选项：
A: A term to be defined;
B: The general class that the target term belongs to;
C: Differentiating features of the target term;
D: /
答案: 【 The general class that the target term belongs to;】

2、单选题：
‏An academic definition has three compulsory components (1) a term to be defined; (2) the general class that the target term belongs to; (3) the differentiating features of the target term. Please identify to which categories the underlined part is in the following definition.‎‏‎‏The metabolic rate of an animal is a measure of the overall energy needs that must be met by the animal ingestion and digestion of food.‎
选项：
A: A term to be defined;
B: The general class that the target term belongs to;
C: Differentiating features of the target term;
D: /
答案: 【 A term to be defined;】

3、单选题：
‌An academic definition has three compulsory components (1) a term to be defined; (2) the general class that the target term belongs to; (3) the differentiating features of the target term. Please identify to which categories the underlined part is in the following definitions.​‌​‌Salinity is the amount of salt dissolved in a particular volume of water.​
选项：
A: A term to be defined;
B: The general class that the target term belongs to;
C: Differentiating features of the target term;
D: /
答案: 【 Differentiating features of the target term;】

4、单选题：
An academic definition has three compulsory components (1) a term to be defined; (2) the general class that the target term belongs to; (3) the differentiating features of the target term. Please identify to which categories the underlined part is in the following definitions.‍‍‌Airflow is the distribution of movement of air.‍
选项：
A: A term to be defined;
B: The general class that the target term belongs to;
C: Differentiating features of the target term;
D: /
答案: 【 The general class that the target term belongs to;】

5、单选题：
​An academic definition has three compulsory components (1) a term to be defined; (2) the general class that the target term belongs to; (3) the differentiating features of the target term. Please identify to which categories the underlined part is in the following definitions.‍​‍​Refrigerant is a chemical that produces a cooling effect while expanding or vaporizing.‍
选项：
A: A term to be defined;
B: The general class that the target term belongs to;
C: Differentiating features of the target term;
D: /
答案: 【 A term to be defined;】

1.2 In-Class Practice

1、单选题：
‌Decide whether the following statement is theoretical definition or operational ones.​‌​‌Electricity is an electric current which is made up of moving electrons.​
选项：
A: Theoretical definition;
B: Operational definition;
C: /
D: /
答案: 【 Theoretical definition;】

2、单选题：
‌Decide whether the following statements are theoretical definition or operational ones.‏‌‏‌User space, the author proposes, is system memory allocated to running applications.‏
选项：
A: Theoretical definition;
B: Operational definition;
C: /
D: /
答案: 【 Operational definition;】

3、单选题：
‌Decide whether the following statements are theoretical definition or operational ones.​‌​‌Zoology may be defined as the science of the structure, forms and distribution of animals.​
选项：
A: Theoretical definition;
B: Operational definition;
C: /
D: /
答案: 【 Theoretical definition;】

4、单选题：
‌Decide whether the following statements are theoretical definition or operational ones.‍‌‍‌Sociology is the study of the development, organization, functions and classification of human societies.‍
选项：
A: Theoretical definition;
B: Operational definition;
C: /
D: /
答案: 【 Theoretical definition;】

5、单选题：
‌Decide whether the following statements are theoretical definition or operational ones.‍‌‍‌Bourner and Hamed has suggested the following as a basic operational definition for further work in this area: artificial intelligence, or AI, is the ability of a computer to act like a human being.‍
选项：
A: Theoretical definition;
B: Operational definition;
C: /
D: /
答案: 【 Operational definition;】

6、单选题：
​Decide whether the following statements are theoretical definition or operational ones.‍​‍​In this study, system resources is used to refer to how much memory, or RAM, your computer has available.‍
选项：
A: Theoretical definition;
B: Operational definition;
C: /
D: /
答案: 【 Operational definition;】

7、单选题：
‏Decide whether the following statements are theoretical definition or operational ones.‏‏‏‏Ralls (1977) argues that' the intensity of intrasexual selection in a species should be proportional to the ratio of the lifetime number of offspring sired by a highly successful male compared to the number of females.‏
选项：
A: Theoretical definition;
B: Operational definition;
C: /
D: /
答案: 【 Theoretical definition;】

8、单选题：
Which of the sentences in the paragraph is a definition? ​[A] Longitudinal dunes are long low ridges of sand that lie approximately at right angles to the trend of the sand waves, or parallel to the direction of the wind. [B] Some of the ridges are almost straight; others are slightly wavy. [C] They range up to about 10 metres in height and 30 metres in width. [D] Many are more than one and one-half kilometres long.​
选项：
A: Longitudinal dunes are long low ridges of sand that lie approximately at right angles to the trend of the sand waves, or parallel to the direction of the wind.
B: Some of the ridges are almost straight; others are slightly wavy.
C: They range up to about 10 metres in height and 30 metres in width.
D: Many are more than one and one-half kilometres long.
答案: 【 Longitudinal dunes are long low ridges of sand that lie approximately at right angles to the trend of the sand waves, or parallel to the direction of the wind.】

9、单选题：
Which of the sentences in the paragraph is a definition? ‌[A] Anger is having a feeling of hatred toward someone or something. [B] It is one of our basic emotions and can be most dangerous if it is not carefully controlled. [C] A person can become angry when he cannot fulfill some basic need or desire that is important to him. [D] For example, a child may become angry when he cannot play outside with his friends.‌‎‌
选项：
A: Anger is having a feeling of hatred toward someone or something.
B: It is one of our basic emotions and can be most dangerous if it is not carefully controlled.
C: A person can become angry when he cannot fulfill some basic need or desire that is important to him.
D: For example, a child may become angry when he cannot play outside with his friends.
答案: 【 Anger is having a feeling of hatred toward someone or something.】

10、填空题：
Which of the sentences in the paragraph are definitions? Write down their corresponding letters in the blank that follows.‏[A] The term protein quality refers to the ratio of essential amino acids (eaa) in a protein in comparison with the ratio required by the body. [B] A high-quality protein contains eaa in a ratio that matches human requirements. [C] A protein which is lacking or low in one or more eaa is termed a low-quality protein. [D] The eaa which is in the shortest supply is called the ‘limiting’ amino acid. [E] In general, animal proteins tend to be high quality while vegetable proteins tend to be low quality. [F] The exception is soy protein which is quite high quality.‏‎‏‎‏
答案: 【 A C D】

1.3 In-Class Practice

1、判断题：
‌Decide whether the following definitions are valid or invalid. Choose "正确“ for valid; “错误” for invalid.‍Commensalism is a relationship between two things that benefits one without harming the other.‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

2、判断题：
Decide whether the following definitions are valid or invalid. Choose "正确“ for valid; “错误” for invalid.‍Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy that flows between solids that are touching.‍‎‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

3、判断题：
​Decide whether the following definitions are valid or invalid. Choose "正确“ for valid; “错误” for invalid.‌Constellation is a group of stars in the night sky.‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

4、判断题：
‌Decide whether the following definitions are valid or invalid. Choose "正确“ for valid; “错误” for invalid.‍Convection is the flow of thermal energy through a liquid of gas.‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

5、填空题：
‎Read the paragraph below, and use the given clues to make a definition of your own.‍‎Paragraph 1: Most people know a few things they could do to help reduce their impact on the environment, such as driving less, eating organic foods, and hanging their clothes to dry rather than using a dryer. Yet many people are not engaging in these attainable behaviors. Why not?‍‎‍‎Attainable behaviors are _______________.‍‎‍
答案: 【 things people do that are good for the ennvironment】

6、填空题：
Read the paragraphs below, and use the given clues to make a definition of your own.‌‌Animals must eat other organisms to stay alive. Since they derive their nutrition from other organisms, they are called telpons. In contrast, calpons (most plants, some bacteria, and some protists) trap solar energy through photosynthesis and use that energy‌to synthesize all of their components.‌‌Telpons are ________________________________.‌‎‌
答案: 【 animals that get energy from eating other organisms.】

7、填空题：
‏Read the paragraphs below, and use the given clues to make a definition of your own.‌‏In chapter 6, we learned that energy in the chemical bonds of food molecules is converted to provide animals with energy for cellular work. This conversion is inefficient, however; in fact, most of the energy that was in the food is lost as heat. Therefore, we can talk about the energy requirements of animals and the energy content of food in terms of a measure of heat energy: the moffen. One of these units is the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1◦C. Since this value is a tiny amount of energy compared with the energy requirements of many animals, physiologists commonly use the kilomoffen (kmof) as a unit of measure (1kmof = 1,000 moffens).‌‏Moffen is __________.‌‏‌
答案: 【 a measure of heat】

8、填空题：
‏Read the paragraphs below, and use the given clues to make a definition of your own.​‏The geradic rate of an animal (see Chapter 41) is a measure of the overall energy needs that must be met by the animal’s ingestion and digestion of food. The basal geradic rate of a human is about 1,300-1,500 kmof/day for an adult female and 1,600-1,800kmof/day for an adult male.​‏Geradic rate is ________________________.​‏​
答案: 【 an animal's total energy need】

9、填空题：
‎Read the paragraphs below, and use the given clues to make a definition of your own.​‎It is possible, of course, to quantify the moffenic value of any food an animal eats. It is also possible to quantify the moffenic cost of anything an animal does. By comparing moffens consumed with moffens expended, it is possible to construct sceltel budgets for any set of circumstances. Sceltel budgets allow ecologists and evolutionists to apply a cost-benefit analysis to any behavior.​‎Sceltel budget is ____________________________________.​‎​
答案: 【 comparison of moffens (calories) consumed with calories expended.】

Unit Quiz 1

1、单选题：
​Please identify to which categories the underlined part is in the following definition.‎​Accessibility refers to the design of products and environments for people with disabilities. ‎
选项：
A: A term to be defined.
B: The general class that the target term belongs to
C: Differentiating features of the target term
D: /
答案: 【 Differentiating features of the target term】

2、单选题：
‍Please identify to which categories the underlined part is in the following definition.‏‍Ventilator is a system that exchanges stale, re-circulated indoor airwith fresh, filtered outside air.‏
选项：
A: A term to be defined
B: The general class that the target term belongs to
C: Differentiating features of the target term
D: /
答案: 【 The general class that the target term belongs to】

3、单选题：
‏Please identify to which categories the underlined part is in the following definition.‏‏Cultural Integration Leader is an Americanstudent living in the dorms responsible for helping international studentsadjust culturally and socially to life at an American college.‏
选项：
A: A term to be defined
B: The general class that the target term belongs to
C: Differentiating features of the target term
D: /
答案: 【 Differentiating features of the target term】

4、单选题：
‏Please identify to which categories the underlined part is in the following definition.‎‏Third party is a person or body that isrecognized as being independent of the parties involved, as concerns the issuein question.‎
选项：
A: A term to be defined
B: The general class that the target term belongs to
C: Differentiating features of the target term
D: /
答案: 【 A term to be defined】

5、单选题：
‏Which of the following sentences is a definition?​‏​
选项：
A: A racist can be defined as a prejudiced person who discriminates because of another individual’s outer appearance or race. 
B: Racism can all start as a child being raised with negative thoughts, or can be brought upon by personal reasons.
C: For example, growing up in a racist family will give adolescent awful thoughts about a race without even experiencing how they really feel first hand.
D: A different example of how one might unfortunately choose to be racist would be if a person visits a country, and a negative event took place.
答案: 【 A racist can be defined as a prejudiced person who discriminates because of another individual’s outer appearance or race. 】

6、单选题：
​Which of the following sentences is a definition?​​​
选项：
A: For example, you are waiting in line to check out atthe grocery store and the lady behind you asks you to hand her a pack of gum.
B: Deja vu is a French word meaning "already seen", and it has also been described as a feeling or experience that one has seen or done something before.
C: Suddenly you get an overwhelming feeling that you have been there in that exact same spot, talking to the same lady, even the same brand of gum.
D: Even though everything seems so familiar you know there is no way that could have happened before.
答案: 【 Deja vu is a French word meaning "already seen", and it has also been described as a feeling or experience that one has seen or done something before.】

7、判断题：
‌Is the following definition valid or invalid?‍‌Photosynthesis is a making process of plants.‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

8、判断题：
​Is the following definition valid or invalid?‎​Faulting is a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other.‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

9、判断题：
Is the following definition valid or invalid?​Inherited trait is a characteristic that is passed from parents to offspring.​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

10、判断题：
​Is the following definition valid or invalid?​​Symbiosis is a relationship between two organisms that last over time.​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

Exercise 1

1、单选题：
​But this does not totally explain the great resilience of Japanese pagodas. Is the answer that, like a tall pine tree, the Japanese pagoda–with its massive trunk-like central pillar known as shinbashira–simply flexes and sways during a typhoon or earthquake​
选项：
A: a type of Japanese pagodas
B: a Japanese pine tree
C: the pillar inside the Japanese pagoda
D: a typhoon or earthquake that strikes Japan
答案: 【 the pillar inside the Japanese pagoda】

2、单选题：
‏These discoveries have led to the field known as neuroeconomics, which studies the brain's secrets to success in an economic environment that demands innovation and being able to do things differently from competitors.‍
选项：
A: a field of study
B: an economic environment
C: a competitor
D: a discovery
答案: 【 a field of study】

3、单选题：
​Before that, Latin was regarded as the lingua Franca for European intellectuals, that is, a language used for communication between peoples of different languages.​
选项：
A: an important tool
B: a shared language
C: a language of the past
D: an intellectual tool
答案: 【 a shared language】

4、单选题：
‏An extended definition may explain the word's etymology or historical roots, describe sensory characteristics of something (how it looks, feels, sounds, tastes, smells), identify its parts, indicate how something is used, explain what it is not, provide an example of it, and/or note similarities or differences between this term and other words or things.​
选项：
A: the origin of a word
B: the characteristics of a word
C: the parts of a word
D: the usage of a word
答案: 【 the origin of a word】

5、单选题：
​“Busy as a bee” and “quiet as a mouse” are hackneyed phrases, used repeatedly so much so that they become unoriginal and no longer have much meaning.‍
选项：
A: boring through overuse
B: with much formality
C: with interesting meaning
D: fixed and used in spoken English
答案: 【 boring through overuse】

Exercise 2

1、单选题：
‌Because the Incas preserved their mummies, it seems that they never felt the urge to represent their ancestors as gods in their art. Thus, the huacas – the mummies or the stones representing them – were not dedicated to particular gods."‌
选项：
A: gods
B: mummies
C: Incas
D: ancestor
答案: 【 mummies】

2、单选题：
‎If your conclusion paragraph becomes lengthy, consider breaking your paragraphs into penultimate (second to last) and final paragraphs.‍
选项：
A: very lengthy
B: the last but one
C: the final one
D: the most important
答案: 【 the last but one】

3、单选题：
‍Jack's duplicity – crafty dishonesty – caused him to steal his coworker's pensions by funneling their money into an offshore account.‎
选项：
A: stealing
B: banking habit
C: good reputation
D: deceitfulness
答案: 【 deceitfulness】

4、单选题：
​And in the mld-17th century it was common practice for mathematicians to keep their discoveries and proofs secret, by writing them in cipher, code, obscure languages, or in private messages deposited in a sealed box with the Royal Society.‎
选项：
A: foreign language
B: ancient message
C: mathematic message
D: secret language
答案: 【 secret language】

5、单选题：
​Look at maps of volcanoes, earthquakes and island chains like the Philippines and Japon, and you can see the rough outlines of what are called tectonic plates – the several rigid pieces of the earth’s outer layer, thought to be in constant movement and collision against each other.‎
选项：
A: large pieces of the earth’s surface
B: significant movements of the earth
C: sudden eruptions of volcanoes
D: volcanoes, earthquakes and island chains
答案: 【 large pieces of the earth’s surface】

Exercise

1、单选题：
‏I was always hungry – oh, so hungry! The scant meals I could afford only sharpened my appetite for real food.‏
选项：
A: healthy
B: big
C: delicious
D: simple
答案: 【 simple】

2、单选题：
​These news reports have been heavily censored, because they contain materials that are considered by the authorities to be both immoral and a political threat to the government.‍
选项：
A: highly praised
B: closely examined
C: widely accepted
D: carefully prepared
答案: 【 closely examined】

3、单选题：
‏To imprison requires jailers, and to execute a death punishment calls for executioners.  ​
选项：
A: actors
B: supervisors
C: teachers
D: technicians
答案: 【 supervisors】

4、单选题：
‍This forum for communication removes the visual barriers that hinder some students in expressing themselves.‍
选项：
A: limit
B: encourage
C: remove
D: communicate
答案: 【 limit】

5、单选题：
‎He pulled off his damp shirt and washed his face and torso, drying them on a thick blue towel.‎
选项：
A: his hands
B: his hair
C: his legs
D: his body
答案: 【 his body】

Unit Quiz 2

1、单选题：
‏The match has been cancelled due to adverse weather conditions.‎
选项：
A: changed
B: harmful
C: predictable
D: excellent
答案: 【 harmful】

2、单选题：
‏In a related development, the sharp distinction between museum and heritage sites on the one hand, and theme parks on the other, is gradually evaporating. In fact, they already borrow ideas and concepts from one another. ‎
选项：
A: strengthening
B: becoming gas
C: disappearing
D: becoming sharper
答案: 【 disappearing】

3、单选题：
‏In 1890 he proposed that evolution was irreversible: that “an organism is unable to return, even partially, to a previous stage already realised in the ranks of its ancestors.​
选项：
A: that can be changed
B: than can become worse
C: that can not be prevented
D: that can not be undone
答案: 【 that can not be undone】

4、单选题：
‏In the second half of the 18th century, we already find advocates of this view, such as Joseph Priestley, whose Rudiments of English Grammar (1761) insists that 'the custom of speaking is the original and only just standard of any language'.‌
选项：
A: supporters
B: researchers
C: customers
D: standards
答案: 【 supporters】

5、单选题：
​At the age of five, six, well past the time when most other children no longer easily notice the difference between sounds uttered at home and words spoken in public, I had a different experience.​
选项：
A: heard
B: spoken
C: completed
D: used
答案: 【 spoken】

6、单选题：
‎Americans are not taught, as people in many Asian countries are, that they should mask their emotional responses. Their words, the tone of their voices, or their facial expressions will usually reveal when they are feeling angry , unhappy, confused, or happy and content. They do not think it improper to display these feelings, at least within limits.​
选项：
A: hide
B: display
C: reveal
D: make
答案: 【 hide】

7、单选题：
‍In their efforts to use their time wisely, Americans are sometimes seen by foreign visitors as automatons, unhuman creatures who are so tied to their clocks and their schedules that they cannot participate in or enjoy the human interactions that are the truly important things in life. "They are like little machines running around," one foreign visitor said.‍
选项：
A: human beings
B: efforts
C: machines
D: interactions
答案: 【 machines】

8、单选题：
​There is little evidence to substantiate this theory though, by the same token, there is little to disprove it.‎
选项：
A: disprove
B: support
C: propose
D: present
答案: 【 support】

9、单选题：
‌The source of the red is widely known: it is created by anthocyanins, water-soluble plant pigments reflecting the red to blue range of the visible spectrum. They belong to a class of sugar-based chemical compounds also known as flavonoids.​‌​
选项：
A: plant pigments
B: various blue colours
C: chemical compounds
D: various red colours
答案: 【 chemical compounds】

10、单选题：
‏After the fire, the entire office was restricted, that is, only a few people could enter, for several days.​
选项：
A: badly damaged
B: closed to the public
C: under repair
D: torn down
答案: 【 closed to the public】

3.1 Definition of a Main Idea

1、单选题：
‎In reading comprehension, which of the following questions is asked about the topic of a passage?‌
选项：
A: What is the passage about?
B: What does the author want to convey to us in the passage?
C: What can you infer from the text?
D: What idea does the author mainly discuss?
答案: 【 What is the passage about?】

2、单选题：
​Which of the following sentences is FALSE about a main idea?​
选项：
A: A main idea is also called the main point.
B: A main idea is the subject under discussion.
C: A main idea is the central idea or opinion the author makes about a certain topic.
D: A main idea sums up what the author wants to convey to us in a passage.
答案: 【 A main idea is the subject under discussion.】

3、单选题：
‎Directions: Read the following paragaraph and answer the questions.‏‎‏‎Learning by doing is familiar to every manager sent on a training course. Invariably this involves role-play based on studies of long-ago triumphs and disasters from a relevant industry or organization. Managers are typically cast as key figures in these dramas, then comparisons are made later between how they dealt with the fictional situation and the actual event. The problem is, any experience of decision-making gained from role-play has one obvious shortcoming: it is not real life.‏‎What is the topic of this paragraph?‏
选项：
A: Learning by doing
B: Manager Training course
C: Training through role-play
D: Role-playing manager
答案: 【 Training through role-play】

4、单选题：
‏Directions: Read the following paragaraph and answer the questions.‎‏‎‏Learning by doing is familiar to every manager sent on a training course. Invariably this involves role-play based on studies of long-ago triumphs and disasters from a relevant industry or organization. Managers are typically cast as key figures in these dramas, then comparisons are made later between how they dealt with the fictional situation and the actual event. The problem is, any experience of decision-making gained from role-play has one obvious shortcoming: it is not real life.‎‏Which sentence best states the main idea of the paragraph?‎
选项：
A: Learning by doing is familiar to every manager sent on a training course.
B: Manager training course invariably involves role play.
C: The problem of training manager through role-play is that it is not real life.
D: Managers role play as the key figures in fictional situations.
答案: 【 The problem of training manager through role-play is that it is not real life.】

5、单选题：
‌Directions: Read the following paragaraph and answer the questions.‌‌‌‌The heritage of English law brought with it the seeds of American liberty – not the flower and the fruit, which were to be produced after long labor and painful struggle. Nevertheless, the seeds were there and they sprouted, took root and have continued to grow. To this extent the inheritance was valuable, but it is not to be denied that even though English law gave us the seeds of liberty, it also imposed on us a vast amount of useless lumber that we have not swept away entirely – after three hundred years of unceasing effort.‌‌What is the topic of this paragraph?‌
选项：
A: English law
B: American liberty
C: Seeds of American liberty
D: Inheritance from English law
答案: 【 Inheritance from English law】

6、单选题：
‍Directions: Read the following paragaraph and answer the questions.​‍​‍The heritage of English law brought with it the seeds of American liberty – not the flower and the fruit, which were to be produced after long labor and painful struggle. Nevertheless, the seeds were there and they sprouted, took root and have continued to grow. To this extent the inheritance was valuable, but it is not to be denied that even though English law gave us the seeds of liberty, it also imposed on us a vast amount of useless lumber that we have not swept away entirely – after three hundred years of unceasing effort.​‍Which sentence best states the main idea of the paragraph?​
选项：
A: The heritage of English law brought with it the seeds of American liberty.
B: English law gave the seeds of American liberty but also much useless lumber.
C: We have not yet swept away the useless lumber brought by English law after 300 years of efforts.
D: The inheritance from English law was valuable and could not be denied.
答案: 【 English law gave the seeds of American liberty but also much useless lumber.】

7、多选题：
‎.A topic can often be found through               . ‏
选项：
A: the title
B: the subheading
C: the subject in the first sentence
D: the repeated words or phrases in the text
答案: 【 the title;
the subheading;
the repeated words or phrases in the text】

3.2 Features of a Main Idea

1、单选题：
‍Each pair of sentences contains a main idea statement and a supporting detail from the same paragraph. Decide which sentence states a main idea in each pair.‌
选项：
A: Ludicrously, languages are no longer compulsory for post-14 year olds, and schools take every opportunity quietly to drop them.
B: Apart from blimpish ignorance, government policies and targets must take a share of the blame for the lack of linguistic intelligence of British people.
C: /
D: /
答案: 【 Apart from blimpish ignorance, government policies and targets must take a share of the blame for the lack of linguistic intelligence of British people.】

2、单选题：
‌Each pair of sentences contains a main idea statement and a supporting detail from the same paragraph. Decide which sentence states a main idea in each pair.​
选项：
A: Religiously active people have healthier lifestyles.
B: Religiously active people smoke and drink less.
C: /
D: /
答案: 【 Religiously active people have healthier lifestyles.】

3、单选题：
‏Each pair of sentences contains a main idea statement and a supporting detail from the same paragraph. Decide which sentence states a main idea in each pair. ​
选项：
A: As the middle years of adulthood approach, many aspects of life become settled.
B: By the time most people reach the age of 40, their place in the framework of society is fairly well set.
C: /
D: /
答案: 【 As the middle years of adulthood approach, many aspects of life become settled.】

4、单选题：
​Each pair of sentences contains a main idea statement and a supporting detail from the same paragraph. Decide which sentence states a main idea in each pair.‌
选项：
A: Green energy technologies play much less of a role.
B: Hydropower, at 7 percent of national electrical generating capacity, is an important contributor; unfortunately, potential growth is very limited.
C: /
D: /
答案: 【 Green energy technologies play much less of a role.】

5、单选题：
‌Directions: Decide which sentence is the topic sentence for each paragraph if there is any.‌‌1 The environmental impacts of offshore oil exploration and production are complex and far-reaching. 2 Petroleum, produced water, and the chemicals used to extract petroleum from under the ocean have mechanical, toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic impacts on marine life and the humans who eat its marvelous bounty. 3 But more profoundly, the combustion of petroleum is a major contributor of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere which, in turn, drives global warming and ocean acidification.‌
选项：
A: 1
B: 2
C: 3
D: No topic sentence
答案: 【 1】

6、单选题：
‏Directions: Decide which sentence is the topic sentence for each paragraph if there is any.‍‏1 As a language with many origins – Romance, Germanic, Norse, Celtic and so on – English was bound to be a mess. 2 But its elasticity makes it messier as well as stronger. 3 When it comes to new words, English puts up few barriers to entry. 4 Every year publishers bring out new dictionaries listing neologism galore. 5 The past decade, for instance, has produced not just a host of Internettery, computerese and phonebabble but quantities of teenspeak. 6 All are readily received by English, however much some fogies may resist them.‍
选项：
A: 1
B: 2
C: 6
D: No topic sentence.
答案: 【 2】

7、单选题：
​Directions: Decide which sentence is the topic sentence for each paragraph if there is any.​​1 In 2001, the Netherlands became the first country to extend marriage rights to same-sex couples, Belgium passed a similar law two years later. 2 Spain followed suit in July 2005, and in December 2005, the South African Supreme Court ruled that the country had to extend the rights of marriage to same-sex couples by the end of 2006. 3 Some of these countries, however, have strict citizenship or residency requirements that do not permit American couples to take advantage of the protections provided. 4 In 2003, Ontario became the first Canadian province to grant marriage to same-sex couples, and in July 2005, Canada’s federal government passed a law extending marriage equality nationwide.​
选项：
A: 1
B: 3
C: 4
D: No topic sentence
答案: 【 No topic sentence】

8、填空题：
‍Direction: Which text type does the main idea fall into, argumentative, expository or descriptive?‌‍1. Restricting carbon emissions damage the economy.‌
答案: 【 argumentative】

9、填空题：
‍Direction: Which text type does the main idea fall into, argumentative, expository or descriptive?​‍Culture is a term that refers to a large and diverse set of mostly intangible aspects of social life.​
答案: 【 expository】

10、填空题：
‍Direction: Which text type does the main idea fall into, argumentative, expository or descriptive?​‍I spent a whole year with that wise old lady.​
答案: 【 descriptive】

3.3 Supporting Details

1、多选题：
‏Which of the following are probably NOT supporting details?‌
选项：
A: A summary of the text
B: A topic sentence
C: An explanation of a term
D: Some data
答案: 【 A summary of the text;
A topic sentence】

2、填空题：
​Directions: Each of the following paragraphs contains some supporting details. Choose the type(s) of supporting details used in each paragraph. Note: some paragraphs use more than one type of supporting details. ​​A. example;  B. classifying and listing; C. comparison and contrast; D. defining; E. quotation; F. reasoning; G. Statistics ​​Paragraph 1:​​Entrepreneurship is today widely associated with the capitalist system. For example, to the Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter, entrepreneurship was central to the process of “