大学MOOC 英语语言学通论(对外经济贸易大学)1451843164 最新慕课完整章节测试答案
Chapter Five Syntax
文章目录
5.1 Concept of grammar_习题
1、单选题：
A sentence is considered ____ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers.
选项：
A: right
B: wrong
C: grammatical
D: ungrammatical
答案: 【 ungrammatical】
2、单选题：
A __________ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.
选项：
A: coordinator
B: particle
C: preposition
D: subordinator
答案: 【 subordinator】
3、单选题：
Phrase structure rules have ____ properties.
选项：
A: recursive
B: grammatical
C: social
D: functional
答案: 【 recursive 】
4、单选题：
Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _____________.
选项：
A: how words and phrases form sentences.
B: what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words
C: how people produce and recognize possible sentences
D: All of the above.
答案: 【 All of the above.】
5、单选题：
The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number.
选项：
A: large
B: small
C: finite
D: infinite
答案: 【 finite 】
6、判断题：
Descriptive grammar refers to grammarian’s attempt to legislate what speakers’ grammatical rules should be, rather than what they are.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
7、判断题：
Universally found in the grammars of all human languages, syntactic rules that comprise the system of internalized linguistic knowledge of a language speaker are known as linguistic competence.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
8、判断题：
The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
9、判断题：
In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
5.2 Syntactic relations_习题
1、单选题：
A __________ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.
选项：
A: coordinator
B: particle
C: preposition
D: subordinator
答案: 【 subordinator】
2、单选题：
Which of the following is NOT included in the three classes of syntactic relations?
选项：
A: positional relations
B: relations of co-occurrence
C: relations of expansion
D: relations of substitutability
答案: 【 relations of expansion】
3、单选题：
The theory of case condition accounts for the fact that __________.
选项：
A: noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions
B: noun phrases can be used to modify another noun phrase
C: noun phrase can be used in adverbial positions
D: noun phrase can be moved to any place if necessary
答案: 【 noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions】
4、单选题：
The sentence structure is ________.
选项：
A: only linear
B: only hierarchical
C: complex
D: both linear and hierarchical
答案: 【 both linear and hierarchical】
5、单选题：
refers to a relation holding between elements replaced with each other at a particular place in a structure, or between one element present and the others absent.
选项：
A: syntagmatic relation
B: morphological
C: linguistic
D: paradigmatic relation
答案: 【 paradigmatic relation】
6、判断题：
Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
7、判断题：
Sentences are composed of sequence of words arranged in a simple linear order, with one adding onto another following a simple arithmetic logic.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
8、判断题：
What is actually internalized in the mind of a native speaker is a complete list of words and phrases rather than grammatical knowledge.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
9、判断题：
WH-movement is obligatory in English which changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
10、判断题：
In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
5.3 IC Analysis_习题
1、单选题：
The structural approach to the analysis of language is connected with____________.
选项：
A: theme and rheme
B: government and binding
C: immediate constituent analysis
D: mood and modality
答案: 【 immediate constituent analysis】
2、单选题：
Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _____________.
选项：
A: how words and phrases form sentences
B: what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words
C: how people produce and recognize possible sentences
D: All of the above
答案: 【 All of the above】
3、单选题：
Immediate Constituents Analysis is a way to dismantle a grammatical construction in .
选项：
A: transformational generative grammar
B: systemic functional grammar
C: traditional grammar
D: structural grammar
答案: 【 structural grammar】
4、填空题：
refers to the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituents – word groups (or phrases), which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are reached.
答案: 【 IC Analysis】
5.4 Grammatical construction_习题
1、单选题：
Which of the following is a right-headed endocentric compound?
选项：
A: make-up
B: night-school
C: takehome
D: pickpocket
答案: 【 night-school】
2、单选题：
Typical endocentric constructions are not .
选项：
A: noun phrases
B: prepositional phrases
C: adjective phrases
D: verb phrases
答案: 【 prepositional phrases】
3、单选题：
The three small children with children as its head, belongs to .
选项：
A: endocentric construction
B: exocentric construction
C: D-structure
D: immediate constituents
答案: 【 endocentric construction 】
4、判断题：
Construction is the grammatical structure of a sentence or any smaller unit, represented by a set of elements and relations between elements.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
5、判断题：
Construction can be divided into two types: endocentric construction and exocentric construction.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
6、判断题：
Exocentric construction is also called headed construction.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
7、判断题：
Endocentric construction can be further divided into the following two types: subordinate endocentric construction and coordinate endocentric construction.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
8、填空题：
is just the opposite of endocentric construction. If refers to a group of syntactically related words where none of the words is functionally equivalent to the group as a whole, that is, there is no definable “centre” or “head” inside the group. Exocentric construction usually includes basic sentence, prepositional phrase, predicate (verb+object) construction, and connective (be+complement) construction.
答案: 【 Exocentric construction】
9、填空题：
is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable centre or head.
答案: 【 Endocentric construction】
5.5 TG grammar_习题
1、单选题：
Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called ________.
选项：
A: transformational rules
B: generative rules
C: phrase structure rules
D: x-bar theory
答案: 【 transformational rules】
2、单选题：
_______ rules may change the syntactic representation of a sentence.
选项：
A: Generative
B: Transformational
C: X-bar
D: Phrase structure
答案: 【 Transformational】
3、单选题：
The representative figure of TG grammar is .
选项：
A: Halliday
B: Chomsky
C: Malinowski
D: Saussure
答案: 【 Chomsky】
4、单选题：
A grammar which consists of a set of statements or rules which specify which sequences of language are possible, and which impossible, is a grammar.
选项：
A: systemic
B: descriptive
C: generative
D: functional
答案: 【 generative】
5、判断题：
The generative-transformational grammar intends to account for the speaker’s linguistic competence.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
6、判断题：
It is believed that phrase structure rules, with the insertion of the lexicon, generate sentences at the level of D-structure.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
7、填空题：
are the rules that transform one sentence type into another type.
答案: 【 Transformational rules】
8、填空题：
is the level of syntactic representation that exists before movement takes place. Phrase structure rules, with the insertion of the lexicon, generate sentences at the level of D-structure.
答案: 【 D-structure】
Chapter One Invitations to Linguistics
1.1 Introduction to linguistics_习题
1、单选题：
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
选项：
A: Language consists of the systems of sounds and grammar.
B: Language is instrumental.
C: Language is social and conventional.
D: Language is a system of symbols.
答案: 【 Language consists of the systems of sounds and grammar.】
2、单选题：
The scope of linguistic study may be generally divided into ______________.
选项：
A: descriptive linguistics and prescriptive linguistics
B: sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics
C: phonetics and phonology
D: interlinguistic study and extralinguistic study
答案: 【 interlinguistic study and extralinguistic study】
3、单选题：
Saussure made the distinction between _______________.
选项：
A: langue and parole
B: competence and performance
C: theoretical linguistics and applied linguistics
D: comparative linguistics and historical linguistics
答案: 【 langue and parole】
4、单选题：
Chomsky made the distinction between _______________.
选项：
A: langue and parole
B: competence and performance
C: diachronic linguistics and synchronic linguistics
D: comparative linguistics and historical linguistics
答案: 【 competence and performance】
5、单选题：
As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for “correct” linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___________.
选项：
A: prescriptive
B: sociolinguistic
C: descriptive
D: sycholinguistic
答案: 【 descriptive】
6、判断题：
Language consists of the systems of sounds and grammar.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
7、判断题：
The actual production and comprehension of the speech by speakers of a language is called performance.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
8、判断题：
The fact that children can speak before they can read or write shows that language is arbitrary.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
9、判断题：
According to Chomsky, a language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules is called his linguistic competence.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
10、填空题：
linguistics is the study of a language through the course of its history.
答案: 【 Diachronic】
11、填空题：
A description takes a fixed instant (usually, but not necessarily, the present) as its point of observation.
答案: 【 synchronic】
12、填空题：
is the study of psychological aspects of language; it usually studies the psychological states and mental activity associated with the use of language. Most problems in are more concrete, involving the study of language acquisition especially in children and linguistic performance such as producing and comprehending utterances or sentences among adults.
答案: 【 Psycholinguistics】
1.2 Design features of language_习题
1、单选题：
Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature of language?
选项：
A: Arbitrariness.
B: Convention
C: Duality
D: Displacement
答案: 【 Convention】
2、单选题：
“I can refer to Confucius even though he died 2000 years ago.” This shows that language has the design feature of __________.
选项：
A: arbitrariness
B: creativity
C: duality
D: displacement
答案: 【 displacement】
3、单选题：
The design feature of __________ refers to the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level.
选项：
A: arbitrariness
B: creativity
C: duality
D: displacement
答案: 【 duality】
4、单选题：
One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called ________.
选项：
A: duality
B: productivity
C: displacement
D: arbitrariness
答案: 【 productivity 】
5、单选题：
In broad terms, linguists agree to define language as a system of ____vocal symbols used for human communication.
选项：
A: conventional
B: motivated
C: arbitrary
D: dual
答案: 【 arbitrary】
6、填空题：
By is meant the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.
答案: 【 duality】
7、填空题：
means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication.
答案: 【 Displacement】
1.4 Functions of language_习题
1、单选题：
When people use language to express attitudes, feelings and emotions, people are using the ____________function of language.
选项：
A: emotive
B: creative
C: phatic
D: metalingual
答案: 【 emotive】
2、单选题：
Which of the following is NOT a metafunction of language proposed by