大学MOOC Pathophysiology(Central South University)1461345164 最新慕课完整章节测试答案
10. Shock
文章目录
Unit 10 test
1、单选题：
The cause of hypovolemic shock does not include
选项：
A: burns
B: blood loss
C: massive myocardial infarction
D: severe trauma
E: body fluid loss
答案: 【 massive myocardial infarction】
2、单选题：
The cause of obstructive shock is
选项：
A: acute pericardial tamponade
B: severe arrhythmia
C: viral myocarditis
D: cardiomyopathy
E: massive myocardial infarction
答案: 【 acute pericardial tamponade】
3、单选题：
The cause of vasogenic shock is
选项：
A: allergy
B: postpartum blood loss
C: burns
D: severe vomiting or diarrhea
E: sweat
答案: 【 allergy】
4、单选题：
The mechanism of strong vasoconstriction in microcirculation at the early stage of shock is mainly due to
选项：
A: the excitement of sympathetic-adrenal medulla system
B: adenosine release
C: histamine release
D: NO release
E: bradykinin release
答案: 【 the excitement of sympathetic-adrenal medulla system】
5、单选题：
The "autotransfusion" at the early stage of shock is due to
选项：
A: constriction of capacity vessels and organs such as liver and spleen
B: increased blood return from the thoroughfare channel
C: arteriole constriction
D: opening of arteriovenous shunt
E: aortic constriction
答案: 【 constriction of capacity vessels and organs such as liver and spleen】
6、单选题：
The "autoinfusion" at the early stage of shock is due to
选项：
A: constriction of capacity vessels
B: increased return of tissue fluid
C: constriction of blood storage organs such as liver and spleen
D: increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
E: microcirculation congestion
答案: 【 increased return of tissue fluid】
7、单选题：
The main mechanism of microcirculation congestion during shock is
选项：
A: adhesion of leukocytes to the venules
B: decreased release of histamine in cells
C: reduced production of NO
D: increased reactivity of vascular smooth muscles to catecholamines
E: inhibition of Kinin system
答案: 【 adhesion of leukocytes to the venules】
8、单选题：
The "lethal triad" in hemorrhagic shock refers to
选项：
A: hypothermia-acidosis-coagulopathy
B: systemic inflammatory response-microcirculation disorder-decreased cardiac output
C: hypovolemia- excitement of sympathetic system -increased peripheral resistance
D: microcirculation ischemia-microcirculation congestion-microcirculation failure
E: bleeding-DIC-hyperfibrinolysis
答案: 【 hypothermia-acidosis-coagulopathy】
9、单选题：
Shock index refers to
选项：
A: the ratio of pulse rate to systolic blood pressure
B: the ratio of cardiac output to body weight
C: the ratio of cardiac output to body surface area
D: the ratio of heart rate to urine output
E: the ratio of bleeding volume to blood pressure
答案: 【 the ratio of pulse rate to systolic blood pressure】
10、单选题：
According to the latest international consensus, sepsis refers to
选项：
A: life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection
B: systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection
C: multiple organ dysfunction caused by various severe causes
D: multiple organ dysfunction caused by systemic metabolic disorders
E: systemic poisoning complicated by trauma and infection
答案: 【 life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection】
11. Heart failure
Unit 11 test
1、单选题：
Which of the following descriptions best fits the concept of heart failure：
选项：
A: Cardiac dysfunction happens and cardiac output cannot meet the needs of the body
B: Cardiac dysfunction leads to decreased cardiac output
C: Myocardial systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction leads to decreased cardiac output
D: Cardiac dysfunction causes systemic venous congestion and pulmonary congestion
E: Venous return blood volume exceeds cardiac output to increase myocardial load
答案: 【 Cardiac dysfunction happens and cardiac output cannot meet the needs of the body】
2、单选题：
Ventricular remodeling refers to:
选项：
A: Adaptation and proliferative changes in the structure, metabolism, function and genetic phenotype of cardiomyocytes, non-cardiomyocytes and extracellular matrix
B: Myofibroblasts proliferation
C: Non-cardiomyocyte proliferation
D: Adaptive and proliferative changes in the structure of myocardial interstitium
E: Adaptation and proliferative changes in structure, metabolism, function and gene expression of cardiomyocytes
答案: 【 Adaptation and proliferative changes in the structure, metabolism, function and genetic phenotype of cardiomyocytes, non-cardiomyocytes and extracellular matrix】
3、单选题：
The main mechanism of pulmonary edema caused by acute left heart failure is :
选项：
A: Increased pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure
B: Blockage of lymphatic drainage
C: Decreased plasma osmotic pressure
D: Increased pulmonary capillary permeability
E: High output causes increased pulmonary circulation blood flow
答案: 【 Increased pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure】
4、单选题：
The disease most prone to concentric hypertrophy is :
选项：
A: Hypertension
B: Vitamin B1 deficiency
C: Coronary artery atherosclerosis
D: Severe anemia
E: Aortic insufficiency
答案: 【 Hypertension】
5、单选题：
The mechanism of lower extremity edema in patients with right heart failure does not include:
选项：
A: Increased capillary permeability
B: Retention of sodium and water
C: Systemic venous congestion
D: Hypoproteinemia
E: Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
答案: 【 Increased capillary permeability】
6、单选题：
The beneficial effect of the activation of renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system on patients with cardiac dysfunction is:
选项：
A: Increased cardiac output
B: Myocardial fibrosis
C: Increased afterload
D: Cardiac hypertrophy
E: Increased myocardial oxygen consumption
答案: 【 Increased cardiac output】
7、单选题：
Both the cause and the precipitating factor of heart failure are:
选项：
A: Arrhythmia
B: Acid base imbalance
C: Pregnancy
D: Mood change
E: Obesity
答案: 【 Arrhythmia】
8、单选题：
The most prominent clinical manifestation of left heart failure is:
选项：
A: Dyspnea
B: Hepatomegaly
C: Ascites
D: Lower extremity edema
E: Jugular vein filling
答案: 【 Dyspnea】
9、单选题：
Among the following indexes, the best one to reflect myocardial contractility is:
选项：
A: Maximal rate of intraventricular pressure increase (+ dp / dt max)
B: Cardiac output (CO)
C: Central venous pressure (CVP)
D: Cardiac index (CI)
E: Pulmonary artery wedge pressure
答案: 【 Maximal rate of intraventricular pressure increase (+ dp / dt max)】
10、单选题：
In clinic, the common index reflecting the weakening of right ventricular function and volume overload is :
选项：
A: Central venous pressure (CVP)
B: Pulmonary artery wedge pressure
C: Heart sound intensity
D: Respiratory rate and amplitude
E: Heart rate
答案: 【 Central venous pressure (CVP)】
12. Respiratory failure
Unit 12 test
1、单选题：
The main difference betweenⅠtype of respiratory failure and Ⅱtype of respiratory failure is ( )
选项：
A: PaO2
B: PAO2
C: PvCO2
D: PACO2
E: PaCO2
答案: 【 PaCO2】
2、单选题：
Respiratory insufficiency usually is ( )
选项：
A: Consequences of severe external respiratory dysfunction
B: Consequences of severe internal respiratory dysfunction
C: Consequences of severe internal and external respiratory dysfunction
D: Consequences of blood unable to carry oxygen
E: Consequences of tissue cells unable to use oxygen
答案: 【 Consequences of severe external respiratory dysfunction】
3、单选题：
Obstructive hypoventilation can be seen in ( )
选项：
A: Hypokalemia
B: Polyneuritis
C: Pleural effusion
D: Purulent meningitis
E: Chronic bronchitis
答案: 【 Chronic bronchitis】
4、单选题：
Diagnostic criteria of Ⅱ type of respiratory failure is （ ）
选项：
A: PaO2 < 60 mmHg; PaCO2 > 50 mmHg
B: PaO2 < 80 mmHg; PaCO2 > 50 mmHg
C: PaO2 < 60 mmHg; PaCO2 > 60 mmHg
D: PaO2 < 80 mmHg,PaCO2 > 60 mmHg
E: PaO2 < 80 mmHg, PaCO2 > 80 mmHg
答案: 【 PaO2 < 60 mmHg; PaCO2 > 50 mmHg 】
5、单选题：
In simple alveolar diffusion disorder, the blood gas changes are characterized by ( )
选项：
A: PaO2 ↓，PaCO2 ↑
B: PaO2 ↑，PaCO2 ↓
C: PaO2 ↓，PaCO2 ↓
D: PaO2 ↑，PaCO2 ↑
E: PaO2 ↓，PaCO2 normal or ↓
答案: 【 PaO2 ↓，PaCO2 normal or ↓】
6、单选题：
Functional shunt refers to ( )
选项：
A: Pulmonary arteriovenous short circuit opening
B: Alveolar V/Q elevation
C: Dead space like ventilation increased
D: Anatomic shunt increased
E: Alveolar V/Q decreased
答案: 【 Alveolar V/Q decreased】
7、单选题：
Which one may occur in patients with vocal cord paralysis ( )
选项：
A: No dyspnea
B: Inspiratory dyspnea
C: Exhalatory dyspnea
D: Progressive dyspnea
E: Tidal breathing
答案: 【 Inspiratory dyspnea】
8、单选题：
For patients with blood carbon dioxide retention induced by impaired ventilation, the oxygen should be given with ( )
选项：
A: High concentration of oxygen
B: Intermittent high concentration of oxygen
C: Pure oxygen
D: Hyperbaric oxygen
E: Low concentration and low flow oxygen
答案: 【 Low concentration and low flow oxygen】
9、单选题：
The early mechanism of right heart failure after respiratory failure is mainly ( )
选项：
A: The thickening of pulmonary arteriole wall
B: Increased blood volume caused by chronic hypoxia
C: Increased blood viscosity
D: Decreased PO2 resulting in pulmonary vasoconstriction
E: Peripheral vasodilation and venous return flow decreased
答案: 【 Decreased PO2 resulting in pulmonary vasoconstriction】
10、单选题：
Which one may occur in patients with severe pleural lesions ( )
选项：
A: Diffusion disorder
B: Restrictive hypoventilation
C: Obstructive hypoventilation
D: Increased dead space like ventilation
E: Destruction of alveolar surfactant
答案: 【 Restrictive hypoventilation】
13. Hepatic insufficiency
Unit 13 test
1、单选题：
Hepatic insufficiency refers to ( )
选项：
A: Substance metabolism disorder
B: Bile metabolism disorder
C: Clinical syndromes caused by liver injury
D: Hormone metabolism disorder
E: Biotransformation dysfunction
答案: 【 Clinical syndromes caused by liver injury】
2、单选题：
Hepatic failure refers to ( )
选项：
A: Early stage of hepatic insufficiency
B: Mid-stage hepatic insufficiency
C: Late stage of hepatic insufficiency
D: Hepatic coma
E: Hepatic encephalopathy
答案: 【 Late stage of hepatic insufficiency】
3、单选题：
Which metabolic disorder does not appear in hepatic insufficiency ( )
选项：
A: Hypoinsulinemia
B: hyponatremia
C: Hypokalemia
D: Hypoproteinemia
E: Hypoglycemia
答案: 【 Hypoinsulinemia】
4、单选题：
The most common acid-base balance disorder in patients with liver dysfunction is ( )
选项：
A: Metabolic acidosis
B: Respiratory acidosis
C: Metabolic alkalosis
D: Respiratory alkalosis
E: Mixed acid-base disorder
答案: 【