大学MOOC Industrial Ecology（产业生态学）(北京师范大学)1002772007 最新慕课完整章节测试答案

after class test 1 课后测1

1、单选题：
‌该课程教学中采用了以下哪种（ ）方法 Which of the following methods have been used in the teaching of the present course（ ）​
选项：
A: 研讨式 Research & Discussion approach
B: 统计式 Statistics style
C: 传统式 Traditional style
D: 实践法 Practice method
答案: 【 研讨式 Research & Discussion approach】

2、单选题：
‏以下哪项可作为开展产业生态学研究的重要依据（ ）Which of the following can be used as an important reason for study of industrial ecology（ ）‍
选项：
A: 现有环境问题的自然成因大多归因于强烈人类活动 The natural causes of existing environmental problems are mostly attributed to strong human activities
B: 现有环境问题的人为成因大多来自强烈人类活动,特别是产业活动对地表的干扰 The man-made causes of existing environmental problems mostly come from strong human activities, especially the interference of industrial activities on the earth surface
C: 现有环境问题的形成是自然现象 The formation of existing environmental problems is a natural phenomenon
D: 现在环境问题与人类消费活动无关 Existing environmental problems is unrelated to human consumption
答案: 【 现有环境问题的人为成因大多来自强烈人类活动,特别是产业活动对地表的干扰 The man-made causes of existing environmental problems mostly come from strong human activities, especially the interference of industrial activities on the earth surface】

3、单选题：
​产业在人类与环境间的关系中具有哪种（ ）角色 What role does industry play in the relationship between human beings and the environment（ ）‌
选项：
A: 产业是人类社会经济系统的核心 Industry is the core of human socio-economic system
B: 产业是物质能量发生作用关系的核心 Industry is the core of the relationship between material and Energy
C: 产业是人类社会经济与资源环境复合系统的核心 Industry is the core of the hybrid system of human society & economy and natural resources & environment
D: 产业是资源环境复合系统的核心 Industry is the core of compound system of natural resources and environment
答案: 【 产业是人类社会经济与资源环境复合系统的核心 Industry is the core of the hybrid system of human society & economy and natural resources & environment】

4、单选题：
‍产业系统最主要功能是（ ）The main function of the industrial system is（ ）‍
选项：
A: 促进物质、能量、价值在产业系统中的循环流动 Promote the circulation of substance, energy and value in the industrial system
B: 将自然资源转换为满足人类特定需要的服务或产品 Converting natural resources into services or products that meet specific human needs
C: 对自然地表环境系统产生重要影响 Affecting the natural surface environment system
D: 影响物质、能源在地表的空间分布 Affecting the spatial distribution of matter and energy on the earth's surface
答案: 【 将自然资源转换为满足人类特定需要的服务或产品 Converting natural resources into services or products that meet specific human needs】

5、单选题：
‏本课程关心的环境问题类型不包括哪项（ ）Which types of environmental issues are out of interest to this course（ ）‍
选项：
A: 资源短缺 Resource shortage
B: 某环境污染物超标 Some environmental pollutants exceed the standard
C: 生态环境恶化 Ecological environment deterioration
D: 人口过剩 Over-population
答案: 【 人口过剩 Over-population】

6、单选题：
‏引起全球变暖主要人类活动是（ ）The main human activities that cause global warming is（）​
选项：
A: 人类生产与消费活动 Human production and consumption activities
B: 人类意识活动 Human consciousness activity
C: 人类体育活动 Human sports activities
D: 人类种植活动 Human planting activities
答案: 【 人类生产与消费活动 Human production and consumption activities】

7、单选题：
‌某地区环境重金属污染物超标通常与哪项（ ）无关 Which item is usually unrelated to the excess of heavy metal pollutants in an area（ ）‌
选项：
A: 金属冶炼与再生 Metal smelting and regeneration
B: 金属加工与制造 Metal processing and manufacture
C: 金属产品使用 Use of metal products
D: 金属物质自然地表迁移 Natural migration of metal substance on the earth surface
答案: 【 金属物质自然地表迁移 Natural migration of metal substance on the earth surface】

8、单选题：
‌中国现行国民经济行业划分标准是（ ）The current industrial classification standard for national economic activities of China is（ ）​
选项：
A: GB/T 4754-2002
B: GB/T 4754-2011
C: GB/T 4754-2017
D: GB/T 4754-2020
答案: 【 GB/T 4754-2017】

9、单选题：
‍“产业”可概括描述为哪项（ ）经济活动 Which item is suit to describe industry activities（ ）‎
选项：
A: 资源开采与生产 Resource exploitation and production
B: 生产物质产品或提供社会服务 Production of material goods or provision of social services
C: 教育、卫生、物流、交通等服务 Education, health, logistics, transportation, etc
D: 废旧物资回收 Waste material recovery
答案: 【 生产物质产品或提供社会服务 Production of material goods or provision of social services】

10、单选题：
‌产业与改善环境质量间的关系可描述为以下哪项（ ）Which item is suit to describe the relationship between industry and improving of environmental quality（ ）‌
选项：
A: 产业系统运行与环境质量无关 The operation of industrial system has nothing to do with environmental quality
B: 产业系统运行与资源状态无关 The operation of industrial system is independent of the state of resources
C: 优化产业系统可改善人类与环境间关系 Optimizing Industrial system can improve the relationship between Human and Environment
D: 产业系统运行与人类消费模式无关 The operation of industrial system has nothing to do with human consumption pattern
答案: 【 优化产业系统可改善人类与环境间关系 Optimizing Industrial system can improve the relationship between Human and Environment】

11、判断题：
‍产业活动是导致当今环境问题的重要因素（ ）Industrial activity is an important factor causing current environmental problems（ ）‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

12、判断题：
​产业系统可看作人类社会经济与资源环境系统的核心（ ）Industrial system can be regarded as the core of human society & economy and natural resource & environment system（ ）‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

13、判断题：
‎产业系统是向人类提供产品或服务的部门（ ）An industrial system is a department that provides products or services to human beings（ ）‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

14、判断题：
‏中国现行的国民经济行业划分标准是GB/T 4754-2011（ ）The current industrial classification standard for national economic activities ofChinais GB/T 4754-2011（ ）‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

15、判断题：
‏交通运输、邮电等不属于产业系统（ ）Transportation, Post and Telecommunications do not belong to the Industrial system（ ）​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

16、判断题：
‍只有物质资源转换活动才属于产业活动（ ）Only material resource conversion activities belong to industrial activities（ ）​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

17、判断题：
‌能源开采、生产、供应活动也属于产业活动（ ）Energy extraction and production, Supply activities also belong to industrial activities（ ）‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

18、判断题：
‌废物回收与再生活动不属于产业活动（ ）Waste recovery and recycling activities do not belong to industrial activities（ ）‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

19、判断题：
‌资源环境状况不受产业活动的影响（ ）Resources and environment conditions are not affected by industrial activities（ ）‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

20、判断题：
‏各国的国民经济行业划分标准是完全一致的（ ）The national industrial classification standards are all the same for different countries（ ）‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

21、判断题：
‌各时期国民经济行业划分标准完全一致（ ）The national industrial classification standards in different periods usually remains exactly the same（ ）‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

22、判断题：
‎中国国民经济行业标准GB/T 4754-2011与GB/T 4754-2017行业构成完全一致（ ）The current national industrial classification standard of China GB/T 4754-2017 is completely the same as the old one GB/T 4754-2011（ ）‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

after class test 10 课后测10

1、单选题：
​产品设计时为使产品便于拆解而进行的设计可称为（ ） The design of a product to make it easy to disassemble can be called as （ ）‍
选项：
A: 为拆解而设计 Design for disassembly
B: 为环境改善而设计 Design for environment improvement
C: 为盈利而设计 Design for profit
D: 为循环再生而设计 Design for recycling
答案: 【 为拆解而设计 Design for disassembly】

2、单选题：
​产品设计时为使产品便于性能测试而进行的设计可称为（ ） The design of a product to facilitate factory and field testingcan be called as （ ）‌
选项：
A: 为环境而设计 Design for environment improvement
B: 为测试而 Design for testability
C: 为盈利而设计 Design for profit
D: 为循环再生而设计 Design for recycling
答案: 【 为测试而 Design for testability】

3、单选题：
‏开展生态设计(Design for Environment, DfE)的目的是（ ） The purpose of carrying out DfE is （ ）‌
选项：
A: 改善环境质量 To improve the environment quality
B: 改善经济收益 To improve economic profit
C: 增加社会就业 To increase social employment
D: 提高社会收益 To increase social benefits
答案: 【 改善环境质量 To improve the environment quality】

4、单选题：
‏与传统设计相比，DfE的设计范围（ ） Compared with the traditional design, the design scope of DFE will（ ）‍
选项：
A: 从产品整个生命周期缩减为聚焦产品本身 Be reduced from the whole life cycle of the product to the product itself
B: 从产品本身延伸为产品的整个生命周期 Be extended from the product itself to the whole life cycle of the product
C: 从产品本身追溯到原材料的获取 Be traced from the product itself back to the raw material acquisition
D: 从产品本身延伸到产品的报废与再生 Be extended from the product itself to the end-of-life and recycling of the product
答案: 【 从产品本身延伸为产品的整个生命周期 Be extended from the product itself to the whole life cycle of the product】

5、单选题：
​开展DfE不会涉及（ ）Which of the following stages will not be considered in a DfE（ ）‏
选项：
A: 原材料开采与加工 Raw material acquisition and processing
B: 产品制造 Manufacture of products
C: 产品使用 Use of products
D: 废物回收与再生 Waste recovery and recycling
E: 以上都不是 None of the above
答案: 【 以上都不是 None of the above】

6、单选题：
‌开展生态设计，将不需要（ ）加入设计小组 To carry out DfE, which of the following need not to join the design panel（ ）‌
选项：
A: 材料采购人员 Material purchasing personnel
B: 法律法规人员 Legal and regulatory personnel
C: 环境工程师 Environmental engineer
D: 包装工程师 Packaging engineer
E: 以上都不是 None of the above
答案: 【 以上都不是 None of the above】

7、单选题：
​生态设计中应优先选择（ ）材料作为产品生产原料 In a DfE, which of the following should have the priority as the selected materials for production of products（ ）‏
选项：
A: 来自不可再生资源 Material from non-renewable resources
B: 来自可再生资源 Material from renewable resources
C: 来自矿产资源 Material from mineral resources
D: 来自稀缺资源 Material from scarce resources
答案: 【 来自可再生资源 Material from renewable resources】

8、单选题：
‎生态设计中应优先选择（ ）材料作为产品生产原料 In a DfE, which of the following should have the priority as the selected materials for production of products‏
选项：
A: 本地资源 Local resource
B: 外地资源 Resource from other regions
C: 垄断资源 Monopoly resource
D: 稀缺资源 Scarce resource
答案: 【 本地资源 Local resource】

9、单选题：
‌以下哪种（ ）材料的生态性能更好 Which of the following materials has better ecological properties（ ）‏
选项：
A: 使用寿命较短 Materials with shorter service life spans
B: 使用寿命较长 Materials with longer service life spans
C: 使用寿命不变 Materials with constant service life spans
D: 与使用寿命无关 Ecological property has nothing to do with its service life
答案: 【 使用寿命较长 Materials with longer service life spans】

10、单选题：
‍以下哪种（ ）材料的生态性能更好 Which of the following materials has better ecological properties（ ）‎
选项：
A: 能源消耗高 Materials with high energy consumption in its production
B: 能源消耗低 Materials with low energy consumption in its production
C: 能源消耗不变 Materials with constant energy consumption in its production
D: 与能源消耗无关 Ecological property has nothing to do with the energy consumption in its production
答案: 【 能源消耗低 Materials with low energy consumption in its production】

11、单选题：
‌Recycled 和recyclable 的描述正确的是（ ） Which of the following gives the correct description of “recycled”  and “recyclable”（ ）‌
选项：
A: Recycled是由废物再生形成的材料而recyclable是产品报废后材料可以循环再生 “Recycled” refers the material generated from waste, while “recyclable” is the material that can be recycled after the product become obsolete
B: Recycled是材料报废后可以循环再生而recyclable是由废物再生形成的材料 “Recycled” is the material that can be recycled after the product become obsolete while “recyclable” is the materials produced from waste
C: Recycled和recyclable都是指废物再生形成的材料 Both “recycled” and “recyclable” refer the materials generated from wastes
D: Recycled和recyclable都是材料报废后可以循环再生 Both “recycled” and “recyclable” are the materials that can be recycled after the product become obsolete
答案: 【 Recycled是由废物再生形成的材料而recyclable是产品报废后材料可以循环再生 “Recycled” refers the material generated from waste, while “recyclable” is the material that can be recycled after the product become obsolete】

12、单选题：
‏以下哪项（ ）不利于保护稀缺资源 Which of the following (  ) is not helpful for the protection of scarce resources‌
选项：
A: 材料替代 Material substitute
B: 物质增量化 Increment of material uses
C: 销售服务替代销售产品 Selling services instead of products
D: 采用生态材料 Using eco-materials
答案: 【 物质增量化 Increment of material uses】

13、单选题：
‌材料替代（material substitution）通常发生于（ ）情形 Material substitution usually occurs in the case of （ ）‏
选项：
A: 性能相当而成本更低 Comparable performance with lower cost
B: 性能相当而成本更高 Comparable performance with higher cost
C: 成本相当而性能更好 Comparable cost with better performance
D: 成本相当而性能更差 Comparable cost with worse performance
答案: 【 性能相当而成本更低 Comparable performance with lower cost】

14、单选题：
‏以下哪种（ ）不属于物质减量化 Which of the following does not belong to dematerialization（ ）‎
选项：
A: 耐用性产品 Durable products
B: 产品小型化 Miniaturization of products
C: 一次性产品 One-time products
D: 产品轻型化 Lighter products
答案: 【 一次性产品 One-time products】

15、单选题：
​物质减量化意味着（ ） Dematerialization indicates (  )‎
选项：
A: 以较少的资源投入而获取较多的服务 To acquire more services with less resource input
B: 以较多的资源投入而获取较多的服务 To obtain more services with more resource input
C: 以较少的资源投入而获取较少的服务 To obtain less service with less resource input
D: 以较多的资源投入而获得较少的服务 To obtain less services with more resource input
答案: 【 以较少的资源投入而获取较多的服务 To acquire more services with less resource input】

16、单选题：
‏以下（ ）方法不属于物质减量化 Which of the following is not helpful for dematerialization（ ）‎
选项：
A: 再使用 Reuse
B: 再制造 Remanufacturing
C: 再循环 Recycling
D: 精炼 Refining
答案: 【 精炼 Refining】

17、单选题：
‍以下（ ）适合通过销售服务代替销售产品来改善环境 Which of the following suits for selling service instead of selling products to improve environment （ ）‍
选项：
A: 交通运输 Transportation
B: 影像复印 Duplication
C: 美容美发 Hairdressing
D: 以上各项 All the above
答案: 【 以上各项 All the above】

18、判断题：
​生态设计是面向环境改善的设（ ） Eco-design is a design oriented to environmental improvement（ ）‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

19、判断题：
​对产品进行生态设计是改善产品环境性能的末端措施（ ）Eco-design is a design oriented to environmental improvement（ ）‎​‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

20、判断题：
‌生态材料属性中“recycled”和“recyclable ”都是指组成产品的原料是可再生材料（ ）The both terms of "recycled" and "recyclable" mean material within a product can be recycled after the product become obsolete（ ）‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

21、判断题：
‏设计产品时应优先选择能耗较高的材料（ ）In material selection of an eco-design, priority should be given to materials with high energy consumption in its production（）‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

22、判断题：
‌生态设计是面向改善产品外观的设计（ ）DfE is a design that targets to improve product appearance（ ）‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

23、判断题：
​DfE设计范围是产品整个生命周期（ ）The scope of a DfE covers the whole product life cycle（ ）‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

24、判断题：
‏开展生态设计较传统设计需要更少专业品种加入设计小组（ ）Carrying out a DfE requires a narrower range of specialties than a traditional design to join the design group（ ）‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

25、判断题：
‍生态设计中应优先选择生态材料作为产品生产原料（ ）In an eco-design, priority should be given to eco-materials in the selection of material for a product（ ）‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

26、判断题：
‍产品的使用寿命越长越有利于资源节约（ ）The longer the product's service life, the more favorable the saving of resources（ ）‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

27、判断题：
‍采用铝材替代铜材生产换热器属于物质减量化技术（ ）Using aluminum instead of copper to produce heat exchanger belongs to a technology of dematerialization（ ）​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

28、判断题：
‌为节约资源应大力生产一次性产品（ ）We should make great efforts to produce one-time products so as to save resources（ ）‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

29、判断题：
‎产品小型化、轻型化是物质减量化重要手段（ ）Both miniaturization and lightweight of products are important means of dematerialization（ ）‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

30、判断题：
‏销售服务代替销售产品是为了降低环境负荷（ ）Selling services instead of products is used to reduce environmental impacts（ ）​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

after class test 11 课后测 11

1、单选题：
​生态设计通常不以（ ）为主体开展研究 Which of following is usually excluded as the object of a DfE study（ ）‎
选项：
A: 产品 Products
B: 服务 Services
C: 工艺 Process
D: 环境要素 Environmental elements
答案: 【 环境要素 Environmental elements】

2、单选题：
​生产工艺生态设计的研究范围是（ ）的生命周期 Whose life cycle can be considered as the scope of the DfE study on a production process（ ）‎
选项：
A: 生产工艺 Production process
B: 产品 Product
C: 设计活动 Design activity
D: 产品使用 Product use
答案: 【 生产工艺 Production process】

3、单选题：
‍以下哪项（ ）属于生产工艺  Which of the following belongs to a production process（ ）‎
选项：
A: 洗涤衣物 Washing clothes
B: 衣物 Clothes
C: 洗衣机 Washing machine
D: 洗衣液 Laundry detergent
答案: 【 洗涤衣物 Washing clothes】

4、单选题：
‎对生产工艺进行生态设计属于（ ）措施 The DfE of production processes belongs to measures for（ ）‍
选项：
A: 污染预防 Pollution prevention
B: 末端治理 End-of-pipe control
C: 风险增大 Risk enhancement
D: 效果评估 Effect evaluation
答案: 【 污染预防 Pollution prevention】

5、单选题：
‏开展工艺生态设计时可不必考虑（ ）Which of the following does not need to be considered in the eco-design of a production process（ ）​
选项：
A: 生产工艺本身 The production process itself
B: 所用到的设备、设施 The equipment and facilities used in the process operation
C: 生产辅助设施 Auxiliary equipment in the process
D: 生产人员 Operating personnel
答案: 【 生产人员 Operating personnel】

6、单选题：
‎以下哪项（ ）不属于污染预防措施 Which of the following is not a pollution prevention measure（ ）‌
选项：
A: 改进工艺以减少环境排放废物 Improving the process to reduce environmental emission
B: 加强管理减少废物 Improving management to reduces waste
C: 选用低风险材料替代高风险材料 Using low-risk materials instead of high-risk materials
D: 将废物转运异地焚烧填埋 Transporting waste to other sites for incineration and landfill
答案: 【 将废物转运异地焚烧填埋 Transporting waste to other sites for incineration and landfill】

7、单选题：
‏与人工洗碗相比，采用洗碗机最明显的收益是（ ）Compared with manual dishwashing, which of the following describes the most obvious benefit from using dishwashers（ ）‎
选项：
A: 省时省力 Saving time and labor
B: 省钱 Saving money
C: 节省水量 Saving water
D: 节省洗涤 Saving detergent
答案: 【 省时省力 Saving time and labor】

8、单选题：
‏为提高特定区域产业系统的能源效率应优先关注（ ）In order to improve the energy efficiency of the industrial systems in a specific region, priority attention should be given to (  )​
选项：
A: 能耗占比较大的部门 The sectors with larger contribution to total industrial energy consumption
B: 能耗占比较小的部门 The sectors with less contribution to total industrial energy consumption
C: 能耗占比保持稳定的部门 The sectors with constant contribution to total industrial energy consumption
D: 能耗占比与能源效率无关 The contribution of an industrial sector to energy consumption has nothing to do with the total industrial energy efficiency
答案: 【 能耗占比较大的部门 The sectors with larger contribution to total industrial energy consumption】

9、单选题：
‍以下哪项（ ）不利于提升并联式产业系统的能源效率 Which of the following is not helpful to improving the industrial energy efficiency of industrial system with parallel industrial sectors（ ）‍
选项：
A: 改善每一组分的能源效率 To improve the energy efficiency of each component sector
B: 提升具有较低能源效率的行业的能源效率 To improve the energy efficiency of industrial sectors with lower energy efficiency
C: 加大具有较高能源效率的行业的在产业中的经济占比 To increase the share of sector with higher energy efficiency in the total  industrial economy
D: 降低具有较高能源效率的行业的在产业中的经济占比 To reduces the share of sector with higher energy efficiency in the total industrial economy
答案: 【 降低具有较高能源效率的行业的在产业中的经济占比 To reduces the share of sector with higher energy efficiency in the total industrial economy】

10、单选题：
‍以下哪项（ ）不利于提升并联式产业系统的能源效率 Which of the following is not helpful to improving the industrial energy efficiency of industrial system with parallel industrial sectors（ ）‍
选项：
A: 改善每一组分的能源效率 To improve the energy efficiency of each component sector
B: 提升具有较低能源效率的行业的能源效率 To improve the energy efficiency of industrial sectors with lower energy efficiency
C: 降低具有较低能源效率的行业的能源效率 To reduce the energy efficiency of industrial sectors with lower energy efficiency
D: 加大具有较高能源效率的行业在产业中的经济占比 To increase the share of sector with higher energy efficiency in the total  industrial economy
答案: 【 降低具有较低能源效率的行业的能源效率 To reduce the energy efficiency of industrial sectors with lower energy efficiency】

11、单选题：
‌以下哪项（ ）不利于提升并联式产业系统的能源 Which of the following is not helpful to improving the industrial energy efficiency of industrial system with parallel industrial sectors （ ）‏
选项：
A: 改善每一组分的能源效率 To improve the energy efficiency of each component sector
B: 降低每一组分的能源效率 To reduce the energy efficiency of each component sector
C: 提升具有较低能源效率的行业的能源效率 To improve the energy efficiency of industrial sectors with lower energy efficiency
D: 加大具有较高能源效率的行业在产业中的经济占比 To increase the share of sector with higher energy efficiency in the total  industrial economy
答案: 【 降低每一组分的能源效率 To reduce the energy efficiency of each component sector】

12、单选题：
‎通常产业系统内部各行业存在以下关系（ ）Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between industry sectors within an industrial system（ ）‍
选项：
A: 各行业的生态效率数值大致相同 The eco-efficiency of each industrial sector is roughly the same value
B: 各行业的生态效率数值各不相同 The eco-efficiency of each industrial sector is greatly different value
C: 各行业的生态效率数值难以估算 The eco-efficiency of each industrial sector is difficult to be estimated
D: 各行业的生态效率数值毫无管理用途 The eco-efficiency value of each industrial sector is useless in management
答案: 【 各行业的生态效率数值各不相同 The eco-efficiency of each industrial sector is greatly different value】

13、单选题：
‏针对不同区域，相同行业同类生态效率之间通常存在（ ）关系 For different regions, the same type of eco-efficiency of the same industrial sector usually shows that （ ）‏
选项：
A: 数值大致相同 Their values are roughly the same
B: 数值各不相同 Their values are greatly different
C: 数值难以估算 Their values are difficult to be estimated
D: 数值毫无管理用途 Their value is useless in management
答案: 【 数值各不相同 Their values are greatly different】

14、单选题：
‎为提高产业系统的总体生态效率,可按（ ）调整结构 Which of the following （ ） can be taken to improve the overall eco-efficiency of an industrial system‎
选项：
A: 加大具有较高生态效率的行业的经济占比 To raise the share of industrial sectors with higher eco-efficiency in total economy
B: 减少具有较高生态效率的行业的经济占比 To reduce the share of industrial sectors with lower eco-efficiency in total economy
C: 平均分配各行业的经济占比 To equally share the economy to industrial sectors
D: 按物质消耗量占比匹配各行业的经济占比 To match the economic share of industrial sectors in accordance with their proportion in material consumption
答案: 【 加大具有较高生态效率的行业的经济占比 To raise the share of industrial sectors with higher eco-efficiency in total economy】

15、单选题：
‍为提高产业系统的总体生态效率,可按（ ）调整生态效率 Which of the following ( ) can be taken to improve the overall eco-efficiency of an industrial system‏
选项：
A: 重点提升占比较高的行业的生态效率 To emphasize the improvement of the eco-efficiency of the industrial sectors with higher share in total economy
B: 重点提升占比较低的行业的生态效率 To emphasize the improvement of the eco-efficiency of the industrial sectors with lower share in total economy
C: 重点降低生态效率较低的行业的生态效率 To emphasize the reduction of the eco-efficiency of the industrial sectors with lower eco-efficiency
D: 重点降低生态效率较高的行业的生态效率 To emphasize the reduction of the eco-efficiency of the industrial sectors with higher eco-efficiency
答案: 【 重点提升占比较高的行业的生态效率 To emphasize the improvement of the eco-efficiency of the industrial sectors with higher share in total economy】

16、单选题：
‏对于不同燃料,其GHGs排放系数（ ） The GHGs emission factors of different fuels are (  )​
选项：
A: 大致相同 Roughly the same value
B: 各不相同 Different value
C: 为零 Zero
D: 无法定量估算 Impossible to be quantified
答案: 【 各不相同 Different value】

17、单选题：
‍由于重工业能耗强度较大，因此发展中国家应（ ）Because a heavy industry usually consume more energy than other kinds of industry, thus developing countries should (  )‍
选项：
A: 关闭重工业 Shut down heavy industry
B: 提升重工业能源效率 Strongly improve the energy efficiency of heavy industries
C: 减少重工业经济份额 Reduce the share of heavy industry in national economy
D: 以上都不对 No of the above
答案: 【 提升重工业能源效率 Strongly improve the energy efficiency of heavy industries】

18、单选题：
‏为节约能源，夏季空调系统的室内温度设定应（ ）In order to save energy, the indoor temperature setting of the air conditioning system in summer should (  )‍
选项：
A: 夏季适当调低设定温度 Be properly adjusted to lower level in summer
B: 夏季适当调高设定温度 Be properly raised to higher level in summer
C: 避免采用智能调温设施 Avoid using intelligent temperature adjustment facilities
D: 避免人走关闭空调设施 Avoid closing air conditioning facilities when uses leave
答案: 【 夏季适当调高设定温度 Be properly raised to higher level in summer】

19、单选题：
‎为节约能源，冬季空调系统的室内温度设定应（ ）In order to save energy, the indoor temperature setting of the air conditioning system in winter should（ ）‏
选项：
A: 冬天适当调低设定温度 The temperature should be properly adjusted to lower level in winter
B: 冬天适当调高设定温度 The temperature should be properly raised to higher level in winter
C: 避免采用智能调温设施 The intelligent temperature adjustment facilities should be avoided
D: 避免人走关闭空调设施 The closing of air conditioning facilities should be avoided after users leaves
答案: 【 冬天适当调低设定温度 The temperature should be properly adjusted to lower level in winter】

20、单选题：
​以下哪项（ ）有利于节约能源  Which of the following suits for energy-saving（ ）‎
选项：
A: 对供冷供热管线进行保温 Making thermal insulation for cooling and heating pipelines
B: 以矿产资源代替废金属资源生产金属材料 Producing metal materials with mineral resource instead of metal scrapes
C: 长距离输送电力 Long distance transmission of electric power
D: 尽多采用空调系统 Using air conditioning system as much as possible
答案: 【 对供冷供热管线进行保温 Making thermal insulation for cooling and heating pipelines】

21、单选题：
‍以下哪项（ ）不会造成过度包装 Which of the following do not result in an over-packaging（ ）‌
选项：
A: 防止偷窃 To increase the package size  to deter shoplifting
B: 适应机械包装 To adapt to a mechanical packaging
C: 美观与礼仪 To make decorative or representational packaging
D: 产品裸售 To sale product with no package
答案: 【 产品裸售 To sale product with no package】

22、单选题：
‌包装的优先次序是（ ）Which of the following describes the reasonable order of the priority in DfE package（ ）‏
选项：
A: 不包装〉包装作为产品的一部分〉使用单一材料进行包装〉使用易拆解的多种材料进行包装 No packaging > package as a part of the product > packaging with one single material > packaging with several types of  materials that are easy to be separated
B: 包装作为产品的一部分〉使用多种材料包装〉使用单一材料进行包装  Package as a part of the product > packaging with several types of  materials> packaging with one single material
C: 使用原生材料进行包装〉使用再生材料进行包装〉包装作为产品的组成部分 Packaging with raw material>packaging with recycled material > package as a part of the product
D: 不包装 〉采用容易拆解的多种材料包装〉包装作为产品的组成部分 No packaging > packaging with several types of  materials that are easy to be separated > Package as a part of the product
答案: 【 不包装〉包装作为产品的一部分〉使用单一材料进行包装〉使用易拆解的多种材料进行包装 No packaging > package as a part of the product > packaging with one single material > packaging with several types of  materials that are easy to be separated】

23、单选题：
‍以下哪项（ ）不属于生态设计型包装 Which of the following does not belong to DfE packages（ ）‍
选项：
A: 尽少包装 Minimal package
B: 可返还式包装 Returnable package
C: 可循环再用型 Recyclable package
D: 一次性包装 One-time package
答案: 【 一次性包装 One-time package】

24、单选题：
​产品使用阶段不会产生（ ）Which of the following cannot be generated from the Use of a product（ ）‍
选项：
A: 固体废物 Solid waste
B: 原生资源 Raw resource
C: 液体废物 Waste liquid
D: 废气 Waste gases
答案: 【 原生资源 Raw resource】

25、单选题：
‍产品的生态设计中应（ ）In the DfE of products, what we should consider is （ ）​
选项：
A: 尽量多设计耗散型产品 To design as much dissipative products as possible
B: 尽量少设计耗散型产品 To design as less dissipative products as possible
C: 生态设计与产品类型无关 That a DfE is independent of the type of a product
D: 生态设计与产品使用方式无关 That a DfE is independent of the use mode of a product
答案: 【 尽量少设计耗散型产品 To design as less dissipative products as possible】

26、单选题：
‎以下哪项（ ）不是耗散型产品 Which of the following is not a dissipative product（ ）‎
选项：
A: 涂料 Paint
B: 铅笔盒 Pencil box
C: 杀虫剂 Insecticide
D: 化妆品 Cosmetics
答案: 【 铅笔盒 Pencil box】

27、单选题：
‌以下哪项（ ）对产品废后处置考虑得较全 Which of the following more fully describes what is needed to be considered for end-of-life treatment of products（ ）​
选项：
A: 产品便于再使用 Products should be easy to reuse
B: 应便于翻新 Products should be easy to be refurbished
C: 应便于材料循环再生 Products should be easy to recycle
D: 以上都是 All of the above
答案: 【 以上都是 All of the above】

28、判断题：
‎生态设计通常不针对生产工艺进行设计（ ）A DfE does not carried out for a production processes（ ）​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

29、判断题：
​生产工艺也具有生命周期（ ）A production process also have a life cycle（ ）‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

30、判断题：
‍对产品进行生态设计属于预防污染的末端措施（ ）The DfE of products belongs to an end-of-pipe measure for pollution prevention（ ）​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

31、判断题：
‎为提高整个产业系统的能源效率应适当加大具有较高能源效率的行业在产业系统的百分比（ ）In order to improve the energy efficiency of an industrial system, the economic share of industrial sectors with higher energy efficiency should be appropriately increased（）‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

32、判断题：
‎产品包装设计时，应优先采用多种材料进行包装（ ）In design of packages, priority should be given to packaging with several kinds of materials（ ）‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

33、判断题：
‍夏季适当调高空调房间的温度将有利于环境改善（ ）A proper higher indoor temperature settled for the air-conditioning system in summer will help to improve the environment （ ）‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

34、判断题：
‌通常选择公交出行较自驾车更有利于环境保护（ ）In general, using of public transportation is usually more helpful to environmental protection than driving of private car（ ）‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

35、判断题：
‍产品包装越复杂越有利于环境保护（ ）The more complex the product packaging, the more helpful to environmental protection （ ）‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

36、判断题：
‌为便于包装材料循环再生，不同材料间应便于拆解（ ）To facilitate the recycling of packaging materials, the different material in a package should be made for easy disassemble（ ）‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

37、判断题：
‌同一部件，应尽量采用多种材料制作（ ）For the same component, it should be made from as more types of materials as possible（ ）‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

38、判断题：
‏包装设计中，“包装作为产品的一部分”应优先于 “采用单一材料进行包装”（ ） In design of package, "Packaging as a part of a product" should take precedence over "packing with a single material"（ ）‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

39、判断题：
‍产品设计时应尽多设计一次性产品（ ）One-time product should be designed as much as possible in product designs（ ）‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

40、判断题：
‎产品设计中应尽多设计耗散型产品（ ）Dissipative products should be designed as much as possible in product designs（ ）‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

41、判断题：
​模块化设计不属于生态设计（ ）Modular design does not belong to DfE（ ）‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

42、判断题：
‏生态设计中应考虑产品报废阶段的再用、再循环（ ）Reuse and recycling of end-of-life products should be considered in DfE（ ）‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

after class test 12 课后测12

1、单选题：
‎在环境管理初步调研阶段，通常不会采用（ ）途径获得信息 In the preliminary investigation of environmental management program, which of the following will not be used to gather the wanted information（ ）‍
选项：
A: 网上信息 Online information
B: 统计年鉴 Statistical yearbook
C: 年度报告 Aannual report
D: 生产车间现场测试 Field test at production workshop
答案: 【 生产车间现场测试 Field test at production workshop】

2、单选题：
‌通常不会借助（ ）进行现场调研 Which of the following will not be employed in a field investigation（ ）‏
选项：
A: 网上调研统计数据 Online investigation of statistic data
B: 走访管理部门 To visit the local management department
C: 走访企业 To visit the local enterprises
D: 测试环境污染场所 To test pollutant concentration in environment
答案: 【 网上调研统计数据 Online investigation of statistic data】

3、单选题：
‍以下哪个指标（ ）可用于识别某研究主体中的重点组分 Which of the following indicators （）can be used to identify the key components in a research subject‌
选项：
A: 某组分的绝对数值 The absolute vale of a certain component
B: 研究主体的绝对数值 The absolute value of the research subject
C: 某组分占研究主体总量的百分比 The percentage of a component in the total subject
D: 以上都是 All the above
答案: 【 某组分占研究主体总量的百分比 The percentage of a component in the total subject】

4、单选题：
‏基于pressure-state-response框架建立管理指标体系应考虑（ ）方面内容 Based on the Pressure-State-Response Framework, which of the following should be considered as the aspects of management index system（ ）‏
选项：
A: 人类对环境的压力、环境状态、人类应对措施 Human pressure on the environment, the state of the environment, human response measures
B: 环境的承载能力、社会经济状态、环境应对措施 The bearing capacity of the environment, the social and economic status, environmental response measures
C: 人类对环境的压力、社会经济状态、环境应对措施 The pressure of human beings on the environment, the socio-economic state, environmental response measures
D: 环境的承载能力、环境状态，人类应对措施 The carrying capacity of the environment, the state of the environment, and the human response measures
答案: 【 人类对环境的压力、环境状态、人类应对措施 Human pressure on the environment, the state of the environment, human response measures】

5、单选题：
‏基于pressure-state-response框架，以下哪项（ ）适合用做全球变暖管理指标 Based on the pressure-state-response framework, which group of the following indicators is suitable for global warming management（ ）‏
选项：
A: 温室气体排放量、大气中温室气体浓度、能源强度减缓策略 GHGs emissions, GHGs concentrations in atmosphere, strategy on energy intensity mitigation
B: 燃料燃烧系数、温室气体浓度、能源使用政策 Fuel combustion coefficient, GHGs concentration, energy use policy
C: 全球变暖潜力、温室气体排放量、IPCC模型 GWP, GHGs emissions, IPCC model
D: 能源效率、温室气体排放总量、能源消耗量 Energy efficiency, total GHGs emissions, energy consumption
答案: 【 温室气体排放量、大气中温室气体浓度、能源强度减缓策略 GHGs emissions, GHGs concentrations in atmosphere, strategy on energy intensity mitigation】

6、单选题：
‌基于pressure-state-response框架，以下哪项（ ）适合用做臭氧层耗竭的管理指标 Based on the pressure-state-response frame