大学MOOC Pathophysiology(Shandong University)1461343162 最新慕课完整章节测试答案
chapter1 Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
1. Dehydration and hyperdehydration
1、单选题：
The main difference between interstitial fluid and plasma is
选项：
A: The protein concentration is higher in plasma
B: The Na+ concentration is higher in plasma
C: The protein concentration is higher in interstitial fluid
D: The Na+ concentration is higher in interstitial fluid
答案: 【 The protein concentration is higher in plasma】
2、单选题：
The characteristic of hypovolemic hyponatremia is
选项：
A: Serum Na+ concentration is increased, the volume of extracellular fluid is decreased
B: Serum Na+ concentration is decreased, the volume of extracellular fluid is increased
C: Serum Na+ concentration is decreased, the volume of extracellular fluid is decreased
D: Serum Na+ concentration is decreased, the volume of intracellular fluid is decreased
答案: 【 Serum Na+ concentration is decreased, the volume of extracellular fluid is decreased】
3、单选题：
Which disorder of water and sodium metabolism might result in central nervous system (CNS) symptoms in the early stage?
选项：
A: Hypotonic dehydration
B: Hypertonic dehydration
C: Isotonic dehydration
D: Acute water intoxication
答案: 【 Acute water intoxication】
4、单选题：
Hyperpyrexia (high fever), with profuse sweating might result in which one of the following pathological processes?
选项：
A: Hypovolemic hypernatremia
B: Hypovolemic hyponatremia
C: Hypervolemic hyponatremia
D: Hypervolemic
答案: 【 Hypovolemic hypernatremia】
5、单选题：
A man suffers from pneumonia, accompanied with hyperpyrexia（体温升高）, thirst, and urinary concentration. His urinary sodium content is high, and the serum Na+ concentration is more than 150mmol/L. This is probably an example of
选项：
A: edema
B: water intoxication
C: hypertonic dehydration
D: isotonic dehydration
E: hypotonic dehydration
答案: 【 hypertonic dehydration】
6、单选题：
Which one of the following disorders of water and sodium metabolism might result in cerebral hemorrhage?
选项：
A: Hypertonic dehydration
B: Isotonic dehydration
C: Hypotonic dehydration
D: Water intoxication
答案: 【 Hypertonic dehydration】
7、多选题：
Early clinical manifestations of hypertonic dehydration are
选项：
A: Thirst
B: Shock
C: Swelling of cerebral cell
D: Oliguria
E: Increased urinary sodium content
答案: 【 Thirst;
Oliguria;
Increased urinary sodium content 】
2. Hypotonic and isotonic dehydration
1、单选题：
The most common cause of hypotonic dehydration is
选项：
A: Excessive loss of digestive juices
B: Body fluid loss through the skin
C: Ascites formation
D: Only water to replace the losses of water and sodium
E: Excessive loss of blood
答案: 【 Only water to replace the losses of water and sodium 】
2、多选题：
Which of the following are true about hypotonic dehydration?
选项：
A: Thirst in early stage
B: Extracellular fluid loss obviously
C: Peripheral circulatory failure in early stage
D: Oliguria and increased urine specific gravity in early stage
E: Induced by inappropriate solution administration
答案: 【 Extracellular fluid loss obviously;
Peripheral circulatory failure in early stage ;
Induced by inappropriate solution administration】
Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
1、单选题：
The main difference between interstitial fluid and plasma is
选项：
A: The protein concentration is higher in plasma
B: The Na+ concentration is higher in plasma
C: The protein concentration is higher in interstitial fluid
D: The Na+ concentration is higher in interstitial fluid
E: The organic acid concentration is higher in plasma
答案: 【 The protein concentration is higher in plasma】
2、单选题：
The characteristic of hypovolemic hyponatremia is ( )
选项：
A: Serum Na+ concentration is increased, the volume of extracellular fluid is decreased
B: Serum Na+ concentration is decreased, the volume of extracellular fluid is increased
C: Serum Na+ concentration is decreased, the volume of extracellular fluid is decreased
D: Serum Na+ concentration is decreased, the volume of intracellular fluid is decreased
E: Serum Na+ concentration is increased, the volume of intracellular fluid is decreased
答案: 【 Serum Na+ concentration is decreased, the volume of extracellular fluid is decreased】
3、单选题：
Which disorder of water and sodium metabolism might result in central nervous system (CNS) symptoms in the early stage?
选项：
A: Hypotonic dehydration
B: Hypertonic dehydration
C: Isotonic dehydration
D: Acute water intoxication
E: Chronic water intoxication
答案: 【 Acute water intoxication】
4、单选题：
Hyperpyrexia (high fever), with profuse sweating might result in which one of the following pathological processes?
选项：
A: Hypovolemic hypernatremia
B: Hypovolemic hyponatremia
C: Hypervolemic hyponatremia
D: Hypervolemic hypernatremia
E: Isovolemic hyponatremia
答案: 【 Hypovolemic hypernatremia 】
5、单选题：
A man suffers from pneumonia, accompanied with hyperpyrexia（体温升高）, thirst, and urinary concentration. His urinary sodium content is high, and the serum Na+ concentration is more than 150mmol/L. This is probably an example of
选项：
A: edema
B: water intoxication
C: hypertonic dehydration
D: isotonic dehydration
E: hypotonic dehydration
答案: 【 hypertonic dehydration】
6、单选题：
Which one of the following disorders of water and sodium metabolism might result in cerebral hemorrhage?
选项：
A: Hypertonic dehydration
B: Isotonic dehydration
C: Hypotonic dehydration
D: Water intoxication
E: Edema
答案: 【 Hypertonic dehydration】
7、单选题：
The most common cause of hypotonic dehydration is
选项：
A: Excessive loss of digestive juices
B: Body fluid loss through the skin
C: Ascites formation
D: Only water to replace the losses of water and sodium
E: Excessive loss of blood
答案: 【 Only water to replace the losses of water and sodium 】
8、单选题：
Which one of the following statements is true about edema?
选项：
A: There is accumulation of excessive water in the body
B: There is accumulation of excessive body fluid in the cell
C: There is accumulation of excessive body fluid in the blood vessel
D: There is accumulation of excessive body fluid in the tissue space
E: There is accumulation of excessive body fluid in the lymphatic vessel
答案: 【 There is accumulation of excessive body fluid in the tissue space】
9、单选题：
The predominant harmful effect in acute water intoxication is
选项：
A: Cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension
B: Pulmonary edema
C: Acute hypertension
D: Hemodilution and anaemia
E: Acute heart failure
答案: 【 Cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension 】
10、单选题：
The mechanisms by which diarrhea leads to hypokalemia may involve
选项：
A: Increased insulin secretion
B: Decreased K+ absorption in the small intestine
C: Reduced aldosterone secretion
D: Increased hydrocortisone secretion
E: Increased glucocorticoid secretion
答案: 【 Decreased K+ absorption in the small intestine】
11、单选题：
The excitability of skeletal muscles may be reduced in hypokalemia. The reason is that
选项：
A: Resting potential becomes less negative, and the Na+ channel is inactive.
B: Resting potential becomes more negative，the difference between resting potential and threshold potential increases.
C: Resting potential elevates, the difference between resting potential and threshold potential increases.
D: Resting potential becomes less negative，the difference between resting potential and threshold potential decreases.
E: Resting potential elevates, and the effect of the membrane barrier becomes greater.
答案: 【 Resting potential becomes more negative，the difference between resting potential and threshold potential increases.】
12、单选题：
In hyperkalemia, which of the following best describes the electro-physiological changes of the cardiac muscle cells
选项：
A: Irritability（兴奋性）↓--↑ conductivity（传导性）↑ automaticity（自律性）↑ contractility（收缩性）↑
B: Irritability（兴奋性）↑ conductivity（传导性）↓ automaticity（自律性）↑ contractility（收缩性）↑
C: Irritability（兴奋性）↓ conductivity（传导性）↓ automaticity（自律性）↓ contractility（收缩性）↓
D: Irritability（兴奋性）↑--↓ conductivity（传导性）↓ automaticity（自律性）↓ contractility（收缩性）↓
E: Irritabili