大学MOOC GreenChemistry(四川大学)1455335164 最新慕课完整章节测试答案

10thWeek.Chapter3-UnitTest

1、多选题：
​Internal considerations for designing safer chemicals mean the prevention of toxic effect (预防毒性). They generally include approaches using molecular manipulations to reach the following purposes.‌
选项：
A: To avoid indirect bio-toxicity or bio-activation (生物活化)
B: To avoid direct toxicity
C: To facilitate the uptake of chemicals by organisms
D: To facilitate bio-detoxication
答案: 【 To avoid indirect bio-toxicity or bio-activation (生物活化);
To avoid direct toxicity;
To facilitate bio-detoxication】

2、多选题：
​Properties of chemicals related to their environmental distribution or dispersion include:‌
选项：
A: Volatility (挥发性) or melting point
B: Persistence (持久性) or biodegradability
C: Water solubility
D: Conversion to biologically inactive substances
答案: 【 Volatility (挥发性) or melting point;
Persistence (持久性) or biodegradability;
Water solubility;
Conversion to biologically inactive substances】

3、多选题：
​The three fundamental requirements for chemical toxicity are‍
选项：
A: Exposure
B: Bio-accumulation
C: Bio-availability
D: Intrinsic toxicity
答案: 【 Exposure;
Bio-availability;
Intrinsic toxicity】

4、多选题：
‏We could use QSAR equations to predict the aquatic toxicity of chemicals by transforming some important physicochemical properties of the chemicals into descriptors. These related physicochemical properties include:​
选项：
A: Octanol-water partition coefficient (log P)
B: Water solubility
C: Dissolution constant
D: Relative molecular weight
答案: 【 Octanol-water partition coefficient (log P);
Water solubility;
Dissolution constant;
Relative molecular weight】

5、多选题：
‍Toxicokinetics refer to the interrelationship of the following processes:‌
选项：
A: Absorption
B: Distribution
C: Mineralization
D: Catalysis
答案: 【 Absorption;
Distribution】

6、多选题：
‍How to change the property of a chemical in order to avoid its toxicity to human beings and environment?‍
选项：
A: To make it not to possible to enter the body
B: To make it easily absorbed
C: To make it not possible to affect the biochemical and physiological processes hazardously
D: To make it possible to affect the biochemical and physiological processes
答案: 【 To make it not to possible to enter the body;
To make it not possible to affect the biochemical and physiological processes hazardously】

7、多选题：
​What are wrong in the following descriptions?‌
选项：
A: Pharmacophore is a structural feature that the biological response is desired in the case of drugs
B: Pharmacophore is a structural feature that the biological response is undesired in the case of drugs
C: Toxicophore is a structural feature that the biological effect is undesired in the case of commercial chemicals
D: Toxicophore is a structural feature that the biological effect is desired in the case of commercial chemical substances
答案: 【 Pharmacophore is a structural feature that the biological response is undesired in the case of drugs;
Toxicophore is a structural feature that the biological effect is desired in the case of commercial chemical substances】

8、判断题：
‌The concentration of a particular substance in its target organs is not necessarily the highest.‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

9、判断题：
‍If we want to reduce the absorption of a chemical substance from the gastrointestinal tract, the lipid solubility should be designed at LogP < 5.‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

10、判断题：
‏Electrophilic substances/metabolites react covalently with nucleophilic substituents of cellular macromolecules. The reversible covalent interaction results in a variety of toxic effects.‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

11、判断题：
​Chemicals with log P≤2 exhibit low toxicity, because no sufficiently water solubility to enter the cellular membranes of aquatic organisms, then they are not bioavailable.‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

12、判断题：
‎Internal considerations for designing safer chemicals mean to prevent the toxic effect of chemicals.​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

13、判断题：
‏The purpose of metabolism is detoxication.‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

14、判断题：
‍Non-polar, lipid-soluble chemicals can penetrate the cellular membranes more readily, because cellular membranes have a higher lipid content.‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

15、判断题：
‎External considerations mean the increment of exposure or accessibility of chemicals.‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

ReviewQuestion

1、多选题：
‌Which of the molecular features can generally increase resistance to aerobic biodegradation?‌
选项：
A: Halogens, especially chlorine and fluorine
B: Chain branching and high-substituted compounds
C: Nitro, nitroso, azo, arylamino groups and aliphatic ether (C-O-C) bonds
D: Polycyclic residues and heterocyclic residues
答案: 【 Halogens, especially chlorine and fluorine;
Chain branching and high-substituted compounds;
Nitro, nitroso, azo, arylamino groups and aliphatic ether (C-O-C) bonds;
Polycyclic residues and heterocyclic residues】