大学MOOC Molecular Biology(Xi'an Jiaotong University)1458271162 最新慕课完整章节测试答案
Chapter 1 The material basis of genetic information
文章目录
Homework 1-1
1、单选题：
The HGP (Human Genome Project) was finished in:
选项：
A: 1990
B: 2001
C: 2008
D: 2006
答案: 【 2006】
2、单选题：
Which of the following technique is developed by Paul Berg who is named as “the father of modern genetic engineering”:
选项：
A: Technique of hybridization.
B: Technique of recombination DNA.
C: Technique of monoclonal antibody.
D: PCR
答案: 【 Technique of recombination DNA.】
3、单选题：
Which one in the following can be used for DNA sequencing:
选项：
A: Gersang method.
B: X-ray diffraction method.
C: Sanger dideoxy-mediated chain termination method.
D: Site-mutagenesis.
答案: 【 Sanger dideoxy-mediated chain termination method.】
4、单选题：
Two important experiments to prove that DNA is genetic material are: virulence transformation experiment of Diplococcus pneumonia and infection experiment of T2 phage to E.coli. The key point of these two experiments is:
选项：
A: DNA isolated from infected organisms can be used as pathogenic agents.
B: It is DNA mutation that cause the loss of virulence.
C: Foreign DNA (not protein) absorbed by organisms changed genetic potency.
D: DNA cannot be transferred between different organisms, so it must be a very conservative molecule.
答案: 【 Foreign DNA (not protein) absorbed by organisms changed genetic potency. 】
5、单选题：
In 1953, Watson and Crick found that:
选项：
A: Two polynucleotide chains form double helix structure of DNA by hydrogen bond linkage
B: DNA replication is semi-conservative and usually form heteroduplex DNA consisted of one parental chain and one daughter chain
C: Three continuous nucleic acids consist of a genetic code
D: Genetic material is usually DNA instead of RNA
答案: 【 Two polynucleotide chains form double helix structure of DNA by hydrogen bond linkage】
6、单选题：
The finding of Okazaki fragments proves that the replication of DNA is:
选项：
A: semi-conservative replication.
B: continuous replication.
C: indirect replication.
D: semi-continuous replication.
答案: 【 semi-continuous replication.】
7、单选题：
7.Based on “Central Dogma”, the direction to pass biological information is:
选项：
A: DNA>Protein>RNA
B: RNA>DNA> Protein
C: DNA>RNA> Protein
D: Protein >DNA>RNA
答案: 【 DNA>RNA> Protein】
Homework 1-2
1、单选题：
The basic component of nucleic acid is:
选项：
A: phosphate and ribose
B: nucleoside and nitrogen bases
C: mononucleotide
D: deoxyribose and nitrogen bases
答案: 【 mononucleotide】
2、单选题：
To form a nucleic acid, the linkage between nucleotides is:
选项：
A: glycosidic bond
B: hydrogen bond
C: 3’, 5’-phosphodiester
D: peptide bond
答案: 【 3’, 5’-phosphodiester】
3、单选题：
The content of which chemical elements is usually constant in a nucleic acid:
选项：
A: C
B: O
C: N
D: P
答案: 【 P】
4、单选题：
Which of the following is not included in a nucleic acid:
选项：
A: C
B: O
C: N
D: S
答案: 【 S】
5、单选题：
Which of the following bases is not included either in DNA nor RNA:
选项：
A: adenine
B: xanthine
C: thymine
D: uracil
答案: 【 xanthine】
6、单选题：
In the free nucleotide, phosphate group is usually located in:
选项：
A: C2 of five-carbon sugar
B: C3 of five-carbon sugar
C: C4 of five-carbon sugar
D: C5 of five-carbon sugar
答案: 【 C5 of five-carbon sugar】
7、单选题：
When DNA is completely hydrolyzed, the products are:
选项：
A: ribose and phosphate
B: deoxyribose and bases
C: ribose, phosphate and bases
D: deoxyribose, phosphate and bases
答案: 【 deoxyribose, phosphate and bases】
8、单选题：
When DNA and RNA is completely hydrolyzed, the products are:
选项：
A: different sugar and partly different bases
B: different sugar but same bases
C: same sugar and same bases
D: different sugar and completely different bases
答案: 【 different sugar and partly different bases】
9、单选题：
Which of the following is not included in DNA：
选项：
A: dAMP
B: dGMP
C: dCMP
D: dUMP
答案: 【 dUMP】
10、单选题：
The linkage between five-carbon sugar (shorted as R), bases (shorted as N) and phosphate (shorted as P) in a nucleic acid is:
选项：
A: N-R-P
B: N-P-R
C: P-N-R
D: R-N-P
答案: 【 N-R-P】
11、单选题：
Basically, the primary structure of a nucleic acid is:
选项：
A: the sequence of bases in the polynucleotide chain
B: the way of bases pairing in the polynucleotide chain
C: the ratio of bases in the polynucleotide chain
D: the way of coiling and folding in the polynucleotide chain
答案: 【 the sequence of bases in the polynucleotide chain】
12、单选题：
What force holds complementary base pairs together in the nucleic acid:
选项：
A: hydrogen bond
B: glycosidic bond
C: phosphodiester
D: peptide bond
答案: 【 hydrogen bond】
Homework 1-3
1、单选题：
About the secondary structure of DNA, which one is false:
选项：
A: Three hydrogen bond are formed between A and T, two hydrogen bond are formed between G and C.
B: Nitrogen base groups face the inside of double helix in DNA.
C: There is base stacking force between base pairs.
D: Two strands are oppositely oriented.
答案: 【 Three hydrogen bond are formed between A and T, two hydrogen bond are formed between G and C. 】
2、单选题：
Which is the main form of DNA naturally:
选项：
A: A-DNA
B: B-DNA
C: E-DNA
D: Z-DNA
答案: 【 B-DNA】
3、单选题：
The secondary structure of DNA is:
选项：
A: α- helix
B: β- sheet
C: β- turn
D: double helix
答案: 【 double helix 】
4、单选题：
Which of the following is false about the content of bases in DNA:
选项：
A: A+T=C+G
B: A+G=C+T
C: G=C
D: A=T
答案: 【 A+T=C+G】
5、单选题：
Which of the following is not included in DNA：
选项：
A: phosphodiester
B: glycosidic bond
C: hydrogen bond
D: disulfide bond
答案: 【 disulfide bond】
6、单选题：
Which of the following is false about the double helix structure of DNA:
选项：
A: Nitrogen bases are strictly paired in double helix.
B: The sugar and phosphate groups face outward of double helix.
C: Base plane is perpendicular to the central axis.
D: DNA is found in the right-handed configuration in all organisms.
答案: 【 DNA is found in the right-handed configuration in all organisms.】
7、单选题：
Basically, the primary structure of a nucleic acid is:
选项：
A: the sequence of bases in the polynucleotide chain
B: the way of bases pairing in the polynucleotide chain
C: the way of coiling and folding in the polynucleotide chain
D: the linkage between groups in polynucleotide chain
答案: 【 the sequence of bases in the polynucleotide chain】
8、单选题：
Which of the following is false about the structure of nucleic acid:
选项：
A: There are major and minor grooves in the surface of double helix.
B: Base stacking force exists between neighboring base pairs in double helix DNA.
C: Double helix structure only exist in DNA.
D: Double helix structure can also exist in RNA.
答案: 【 Double helix structure only exist in DNA.】
9、多选题：
The force contributing to DNA stability mainly include:
选项：
A: phosphodiester
B: hydrogen bond between base pairs
C: base stacking force
D: the repulsive force of negatively charged phosphate backbone
答案: 【 hydrogen bond between base pairs;
base stacking force】
10、多选题：
Which of the following is right about the double helix structure of DNA:
选项：
A: A=T
B: Nitrogen bases face the inside of double helix in DNA
C: 10bp per turn, the pitch is 3.4nm in double helix.
D: Horizontally, DNA stability is maintained by hydrogen bond between base pairs.
答案: 【 A=T;
Nitrogen bases face the inside of double helix in DNA;
10bp per turn, the pitch is 3.4nm in double helix.;
Horizontally, DNA stability is maintained by hydrogen bond between base pairs. 】
11、多选题：
Which of the following is correct about the nitrogen bases in DNA:
选项：
A: A=G, C=T
B: The composing and ratio of bases in DNA is different in different organisms.
C: The composing and ratio of bases in DNA is different in different organs of one organism.
D: The composing of bases in DNA is constant with the age increase.
答案: 【 The composing and ratio of bases in DNA is different in different organisms.;
The composing of bases in DNA is constant with the age increase.】
Homework 1-4
1、单选题：
Which the following is false about the tertiary structure of DNA：
选项：
A: Supercoil
B: Loops formed within a single strand of DNA
C: Concatenated circle in circular DNA
D: Double helix of DNA
答案: 【 Double helix of DNA】
2、单选题：
Which the following is false about the supercoil structure of DNA：
选项：
A: It’s the character of closed circular DNA (Once a single strand or double strands break, the supercoil of DNA is destroyed)
B: Topoisomerases in the cell can regulate the level of supercoil of DNA.
C: The formation of DNA supercoil needs DNA ligase.
D: Almost all DNA molecules in the cell is negatively supercoiled.
答案: 【 The formation of DNA supercoil needs DNA ligase.】
3、单选题：
Which the following is correct about the topoisomerase II：
选项：
A: It can break the glycosidic bond in DNA double strands.
B: It doesn’t consume ATP when it works.
C: It can increase the number of negatively supercoiled DNA.
D: It can stabilize the topological structure of DNA molecule.
答案: 【 It can increase the number of negatively supercoiled DNA.】
4、单选题：
A circular DNA with B form reduces its crossing number by 1 with the help of topoisomerase I, then which the following is false:
选项：
A: The linking number of this DNA is reduced by 1.
B: No ATP is consumed in this process.
C: This DNA can maintain its relaxed B form.
D: A negatively supercoiled DNA would be formed if it maintains its relaxed B form.
答案: 【 This DNA can maintain its relaxed B form.】
Homework 1-5
1、单选题：
Which is the maximum UV absorption wavelength of nucleic acids:
选项：
A: 280nm
B: 260nm
C: 240nm
D: 220nm
答案: 【 260nm】
2、单选题：
Which of the following statement is correct about the reason that nucleic acid has the ability to absorb UV:
选项：
A: The conjugated double bond between purine and pyrimidine
B: Ribose is connected to purine and pyrimidine
C: There are nitrogen atoms inside purine and pyrimidine
D: Ribose and phosphate is connected to purine and pyrimidine
答案: 【 The conjugated double bond between purine and pyrimidine】
3、单选题：
DNA denaturation refer to：
选项：
A: Depolymeriztion of polynucleotide chains
B: DNA molecule turns to double helix from supercoil
C: The phosphodiester bond in the DNA molecule has been broken
D: The hydrogen bond between bases has been broken
答案: 【 The hydrogen bond between bases has been broken】
4、单选题：
The hybridization of nucleic acid could happen between DNA and RNA, DNA and DNA, then, which of the following RNA sequence could hybridize with single strand DNA with sequence 5’-CGGTA-3’:
选项：
A: 5’-UACCG-3’
B: 5’-GCCAU-3’
C: 5’-GCCUU-3’
D: 5’-AUCCG-3’
答案: 【 5’-UACCG-3’】
5、单选题：
Which of the following DNA molecule has a relatively higher Tm value?
选项：
A: 5’-ATATCATATGATATGTA-3’
B: 5’-CGGTACTCGTGCAGGT-3’
C: 5’-CGGTATTCGTGCAGGT-3’
D: 5’-CCGTACTCGTGCAGGT-3’
答案: 【 5’-CGGTACTCGTGCAGGT-3’】
6、多选题：
Which of the following statements are correct about Tm value of DNA：
选项：
A: It is directly related to the bases sequence order of DNA
B: It is related to the length of DNA
C: It is directly proportional to the percentage of G-C base pairs
D: The higher G+C/A+T value is, the higher Tm value is
答案: 【 It is related to the length of DNA;
It is directly proportional to the percentage of G-C base pairs;
The higher G+C/A+T value is, the higher Tm value is 】
7、多选题：
Under the melting temperature, what happened to the DNA double helix：
选项：
A: The double helix has been untied completely
B: The double helix has been untied about 50%
C: The UV absorption at 260nm increased
D: Part of hydrogen bonds between bases have been broken
答案: 【 The double helix has been untied about 50%;
The UV absorption at 260nm increased;
Part of hydrogen bonds between bases have been broken 】
8、多选题：
Which of the following reactions are included in renaturation process：
选项：
A: The formation of the hydrogen bond
B: The formation of the phosphodiester bond
C: The formation of the phosphoester bond
D: The formation of the base stacking force
答案: 【 The formation of the hydrogen bond;
The formation of the base stacking force】
9、多选题：
Which of the following statement about DNA renaturation is correct：
选项：
A: The renaturation takes place among two complementary strands of the denatured DNA molecule
B: The bigger of the DNA molecule is, the longer of the renaturation time will be
C: The heat-denatured DNA would renature only if it is cooled down slowly
D: The denaturation could happen among DNA and RNA strands
答案: 【 The renaturation takes place among two complementary strands of the denatured DNA molecule;
The bigger of the DNA molecule is, the longer of the renaturation time will be;
The heat-denatured DNA would renature only if it is cooled down slowly 】
10、多选题：
Which of the following statement about nucleic acid hybridization is correct:
选项：
A: It could happen between two DNA strands from different sources
B: It could happen between DNA and RNA strands from different sources
C: Hybridization process is based on the DNA denaturation and renaturation
D: The hybridization techniques could be used to study the structure and function of nucleic acids.
答案: 【 It could happen between two DNA strands from different sources ;
It could happen between DNA and RNA strands from different sources;
Hybridization process is based on the DNA denaturation and renaturation;
The hybridization techniques could be used to study the structure and function of nucleic acids.】
Homework 1-6
1、单选题：
What is the purpose of using liquid nitrogen to freeze and grind the sample during genome extraction of plants:
选项：
A: complete grinding of the sample
B: polysaccharide precipitation
C: protein denaturation
D: DNA precipitation
答案: 【 complete grinding of the sample】
2、单选题：
What is the function of CTAB in the genome extraction of plants:
选项：
A: complete grinding of the sample
B: polysaccharide precipitation
C: protein denaturation
D: DNA precipitation
答案: 【 polysaccharide precipitation 】
3、单选题：
What is the purpose of adding organic solvent mixture of phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol during genome extraction:
选项：
A: complete grinding of the sample
B: polysaccharide precipitation
C: protein denaturation
D: DNA precipitation
答案: 【 protein denaturation】
4、单选题：
What is the purpose of adding isopropanol:
选项：
A: complete grinding of the sample
B: polysaccharide precipitation
C: protein denaturation
D: DNA precipitation and elimination of small RNA molecules
答案: 【 DNA precipitation and elimination of small RNA molecules】
5、单选题：
Which of following is the best choice for storage of extracted DNA sample:
选项：
A: ultrapure water
B: TE buffer
C: 75% ethanol
D: TBE buffer
答案: 【 TE buffer】
6、单选题：
Which of the following statement is correct about DNA agarose gel electrophoresis:
选项：
A: When melting the gel, it has to be heated thoroughly, with boiling for a while, then stop heating to transfer the melted gel into the gel tank.
B: The DNA bands could be observed directly after gel electrophoresis, since the loading buffer contains indicator.
C: Linear DNA molecules with different length hold different electrophoretic mobility.
D: DNA molecules with same length hold the same electrophoretic mobility.
答案: 【 Linear DNA molecules with different length hold different electrophoretic mobility.】
Chapter 2 From gene to chromosomes
Homework 2-1
1、单选题：
Which of the following statement about a gene is NOT true:
选项：
A: The whole DNA sequence responsible for synthesis of a functional protein or RNA molecule.
B: Polynucleotide sequence of DNA molecule that contains specific genetic information.
C: The minimal functional unit of genetic material.
D: The gene sequence consists of continuously arranged triplet codes.
答案: 【 The gene sequence consists of continuously arranged triplet codes.】
2、单选题：
Which is correct about organelle genome:
选项：
A: Several copies of the gene can be included in one organelle.
B: Consists of several chromosome.
C: Contains numerous short repeated DNA sequences.
D: DNA molecule in mitochondria and chloroplast is usually packaged with histones, to form chromatin structure.
答案: 【 Several copies of the gene can be included in one organelle.】
3、单选题：
Which of the following is NOT the characteristic of eukaryotic genome:
选项：
A: The genome of eukaryotes is much bigger than that of prokaryotes, with multiple replication origins, and the length of each replica is smaller in eukaryotes.
B: Somatic cell is usually the diploid cell with two copies of homologous genome.
C: The number of coding region is more than non-coding region.
D: The eukaryotic genes are usually discontinuous split genes consisting of exons and introns.
答案: 【 The number of coding region is more than non-coding region.】
4、单选题：
Which of the following is NOT the focus of human structural genomics:
选项：
A: Genetic map
B: Transcription map
C: Physical map
D: Analysis of gene function
答案: 【 Analysis of gene function】
5、单选题：
Which of the following statement is the characteristic of prokaryotic genome:
选项：
A: Contains multiple DNA replication origins.
B: Single chromosome, always circular.
C: Chromosomal DNA is always fixed to binding proteins.
D: Consists of numerous non-coding sequences.
答案: 【 Single chromosome, always circular.】
6、多选题：
The genome of the virus can be:
选项：
A: dsDNA
B: ssDNA
C: dsRNA
D: ssRNA
答案: 【 dsDNA;
ssDNA;
dsRNA;
ssRNA】
7、判断题：
A gene is the DNA sequence encoding proteins (enzymes).
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
8、判断题：
The chemical basis of most genes in nature is DNA.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
9、判断题：
A split gene refers to that two genes are separated by some non-coding DNA sequences.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
10、判断题：
Plasmid contains origin of replication and can replicates independently in the host cell.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
11、判断题：
Chromosomal DNA of the eukaryotes is circular in cell.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
Homework 2-2
1、单选题：
The length of DNA fragment in each nucleosome is about:
选项：
A: 100bp
B: 200bp
C: 300bp
D: 400bp
答案: 【 200bp】
2、单选题：
The histone with most species specificity in the nucleosome is:
选项：
A: H1
B: H2A
C: H3
D: H4
答案: 【 H1】
3、单选题：
The basic unit of eukaryotic chromosome is:
选项：
A: 30nm fiber
B: Nucleosome
C: Core particle of nucleosome
D: Histone octamer
答案: 【 Nucleosome 】
4、单选题：
Which of the following is NOT included in the core histone octamer:
选项：
A: H1
B: H2A
C: H3
D: H4
答案: 【 H1】
5、单选题：
Which of the following statement about the nucleosome is NOT ture:
选项：
A: About 146bp of DNA sequence is included in each nucleosome.
B: Consists of chromatosome and linker DNA.
C: Core histones contain H2A, H3, H4 and H2B
D: H1is linker histone.
答案: 【 About 146bp of DNA sequence is included in each nucleosome. 】
6、单选题：
After DNA is packaged into nucloesome to form beads-on-a-string, the compression ratio is:
选项：
A: 1/6
B: 1/7
C: 1/10
D: 1/8400
答案: 【 1/7】
Homework 2-3
1、单选题：
The main component of chromosome scaffold is
选项：
A: histones
B: non-histone
C: DNA
D: RNA
答案: 【 non-histone】
2、单选题：
The loop domains of chromosome consist of:
选项：
A: DNA fiber
B: 10nm fiber
C: 30nm fiber
D: Chromatid fiber
答案: 【 30nm fiber】
3、单选题：
In solenoid model of chromosome, every ( ) nucleosomes per turn are included in one solenoid
选项：
A: 2
B: 4
C: 6
D: 8
答案: 【 6】
4、单选题：
Which of the following is correct about the assembly of chromosome:
选项：
A: nucleosome→core histone octamer→solenoid→microstrip→loop domain→chromatid
B: core histone octamer→nucleosome→solenoid→loop domain→microstrip→chromatid
C: core histone octamer→nucleosome→microstrip→solenoid→loop domain→chromatid
D: core histone octamer→nucleosome→solenoid→microstrip→loop domain→chromatid
答案: 【 core histone octamer→nucleosome→solenoid→loop domain→microstrip→chromatid】
5、单选题：
The relationship of chromosome and chromatin is:
选项：
A: They are same substance in the same period of cell cycle.
B: They are different substances with different morphologies.
C: They are same substance with same morphology.
D: They are same substance in the different period of cell cycle.
答案: 【 They are same substance in the different period of cell cycle.】
6、单选题：
DNA is compressed by ( ) folds from double strand molecule to 30nm fiber.
选项：
A: 6
B: 10
C: 40
D: 240
答案: 【 40】
7、单选题：
Which of the following statement is NOT true about the N terminal of histone and its modifications as well as its functions in nucleosome assembly:
选项：
A: The N terminal of core histone contains several amino acid residues with positive charge, which can interact with DNA molecule and stabilize the nucleosomes.
B: The Ser and Thr residues in the N terminal of core histone can be phosphorylated, to reduce the interaction of histone and DNA molecule.
C: The acetylation in the N terminal of core histone can stabilize the interaction of histone and DNA.
D: The N terminal of core histone can interact with histone octamer of the neighboring nucleosome, to stabilize 30nm fiber of chromosome.
答案: 【 The acetylation in the N terminal of core histone can stabilize the interaction of histone and DNA.】
8、多选题：
Which of the following structures or components contribute to the process that nucleosome form stable 30nm fiber.
选项：
A: Four-helix bundle formed by core histone.
B: N terminal of core histone.
C: Histone H1
D: Core particle
答案: 【 N terminal of core histone.;
Histone H1】
Homework 2-4
1、单选题：
Which of the following chromatin remodeling complex can make DNA molecule slide on core histone and shorten the distance of neighboring DNA.
选项：
A: NuRD family
B: ISWI family
C: SWR1
D: SWI/SNF family
答案: 【 SWI/SNF family】
2、单选题：
Which of the following statement about the location of nucleosome is NOT true:
选项：
A: The interactions between nucleosome and DNA are dynamic.
B: The interactions of nucleosome and DNA are not sequence specific.
C: A nucleosome consists of DNA molecule with length of at least 150bp.
D: The DNA sequences don’t affect the location of nucleosome at all.
答案: 【 The DNA sequences don’t affect the location of nucleosome at all.】
3、单选题：
Which of the statement about the modification of histone is correct:
选项：
A: The acetylation of Lyc residue in the N terminal of histone can strengthen the interaction between different histones.
B: Chromo domain can recognize the acetylation site of histone.
C: The acetylation and phosphorylation of histone reduce the affinity between histone and DNA.
D: Bromo domain can recognize the methylation site of histone.
答案: 【 The acetylation and phosphorylation of histone reduce the affinity between histone and DNA.】
4、单选题：
Which of the following statement about the chromatin remodeling is NOT true:
选项：
A: It is about the change of the structure and position of chromatin.
B: The location of nucleosome in DNA strands keeps unchanged.
C: It is closely related to the modifications in the N terminal of histone.
D: The complex for chromatin remodeling possess ATPase activity and can break the interaction of DNA and histone.
答案: 【 The location of nucleosome in DNA strands keeps unchanged.】
5、多选题：
Which of the following statements about the chromatin remodeling complex are correct:
选项：
A: The chromatin remodeling complex consists of SWI/SNF, ISWI and SWR1 family.
B: The chromatin remodeling complex contains domains for recognition of modification site of histone.
C: SWR1 family can replace the H2A-H2B dimer of the nucleosome to H2A.Z-H2B dimer.
D: ISWI family can make DNA molecule slide on the core histone octamer, changing the arrangement of nucleosome and shortening the distance of neighboring DNA.
答案: 【 The chromatin remodeling complex consists of SWI/SNF, ISWI and SWR1 family.;
The chromatin remodeling complex contains domains for recognition of modification site of histone.;
SWR1 family can replace the H2A-H2B dimer of the nucleosome to H2A.Z-H2B dimer.】