大学MOOC Pharmacology(Shandong University)1461606169 最新慕课完整章节测试答案

Pharmacodynamics

1、单选题：
​After withdrawal of the drug, the drug concentration is below the threshold, but its pharmacological effects still exists. The phenomenon is called‌
选项：
A:  idiosyncratic reaction
B: toxic reaction
C:  side reaction
D: residual effect
E: withdrawal reaction 
答案: 【 residual effect】

2、单选题：
‏A 55-year-old woman with hypertension is to be treated with a thiazide diuretic. Thiazide A in a dose of 5 mg produces the same decrease in blood pressure as 500 mg of Thiazide B. Which of the following statements best describes these results?‎
选项：
A: Thiazide A is more efficacious than Thiazide B
B: Thiazide A is about 100 times more potent than Thiazide B
C: Toxicity of thiazide A is less than that of Thiazide B
D: Thiazide A has a wider therapeutic window than Thiazide B
E: Thiazide A has a longer half-life than Thiazide B
答案: 【 Thiazide A is about 100 times more potent than Thiazide B】

3、单选题：
‌Efficacy means‍‌‍
选项：
A: the concentration at which the drug elicits 50% of its maximal effect
B: the maximal effect produced by the drug
C: the dose at which 50% of subjects exhibit a therapeutic response to a drug
D: the dose at which 50% of subjects dies
E: the dose at which 50% of subjects exhibit a toxic reaction
答案: 【 the maximal effect produced by the drug】

4、单选题：
‍A 20-year-old student is given a prescription for asthma, which the physician states has a very high therapeutic index. Which of the statements best characterizes the drug as it relates to the therapeutic index?‍
选项：
A: The drug’s serum levels will likely need to be carefully monitored.
B: The drug is likely to cross the blood-brain barrier.
C: The drug is likely to have extensive drug-drug interactions.
D: The drug is likely to have higher safety.
E: The drug is likely to work soon.
答案: 【 The drug is likely to have higher safety.】

5、单选题：
In the existence of noncompetitive antagonist, the dose effect curve of the agonist​
选项：
A: does not change 
B:  will shift to the right, but the Emax will decrease
C: parallelly shift to the left
D: parallelly shift to the right
E: will shift to the left, but the Emax will decrease
答案: 【  will shift to the right, but the Emax will decrease】

6、多选题：
‌Which of the following descriptions about idiosyncratic reaction is (are) correct?‌
选项：
A: It is quite likely due to genetically abnormalities of enzymes and receptors.
B: Hemolytic anemia caused by Primaquine in patients with erythrocyte deficiency of G6PD is a kind of idiosyncratic reaction.
C: It is allergic reaction.
D: Barbiturates caused hangover on the second morning is idiosyncratic reaction.
E: It usually happens at high doses of the agents. 
答案: 【 It is quite likely due to genetically abnormalities of enzymes and receptors.;
Hemolytic anemia caused by Primaquine in patients with erythrocyte deficiency of G6PD is a kind of idiosyncratic reaction.】

7、多选题：
‌Which of the following descriptions about graded dose–response relationship is (are) correct?‏‌‏
选项：
A: The effects are generated using scalar responses such as change in blood pressure
B: x axis in graded dose–response curves is expressed with log concentration
C: y axis in graded dose–response curves is expressed with percentage of Emax
D: x axis in graded dose–response curves is expressed with drug concentration
E:  y axis in graded dose–response curves is expressed with percent individuals responding
答案: 【 The effects are generated using scalar responses such as change in blood pressure;
x axis in graded dose–response curves is expressed with log concentration;
y axis in graded dose–response curves is expressed with percentage of Emax】

Sedative-hypnotics drugs

1、单选题：
​ A three-month-old infant is brought to the emergency room with seizures of the tonic-clonic type. His mother reports that these seizures have been occurring for the past 50 min . The treatment of choice is‏
选项：
A: diazepam 
B: phenytoin
C: phenobarbital
D: carbamazepine
E: valproate
答案: 【 diazepam 】

2、单选题：
‍ All of the following are true about the action of diazepam except‍
选项：
A: has antianxiety action
B:  antidepressant effects
C: have central muscle relaxation action
D: have antiepileptic and anticonvulsant action
E:  have sedative action and hypnotic action
答案: 【  antidepressant effects】

3、单选题：
‌Which drug can reduce the amount of time spent in rapid eye movement (REM)‌
选项：
A: phenobarbital
B: chlodiazepoxide
C: diazepam  
D: chloral hydrate
E:  none of above
答案: 【 phenobarbital】

4、单选题：
​A 26-year-old female was admitted to hospital due to a coma caused by taking large amounts of diazepam, and was diagnosed as acute diazepam poisoning. At this time, in addition to gastric lavage and other supportive therapies, the specific antidote to be given is ‍
选项：
A: atropine
B: flumazine
C:  pralidoxime iodide
D: naloxone
E:  carbamazepine
答案: 【 flumazine】

5、单选题：
‍The action mechanism of diazepam is‎
选项：
A: directly mediates the influx of sodium ions from the cells of the central nervous system
B: inhibit calcium ion dependent action potentials
C: inhibit the release of calcium ion dependent transmitters
D:  binds to the BZ site of the GABAA receptor complex
E: inhibits GABAnergic function
答案: 【  binds to the BZ site of the GABAA receptor complex】

6、单选题：
‏The characteristics of benzodiazepines is‎
选项：
A:  It has a great effect on REM sleep
B: No anticonvulsant effect
C: No anti-anxiety effects
D:  No rebound after withdrawal
E: Shorten the sleep induction time
答案: 【 Shorten the sleep induction time】

7、单选题：
‍Which of the following characteristics of benzodiazepines is FALSE ​
选项：
A: Increase the opening frequency of chloride channels
B: Has analgesic effect
C: Dose-dependent inhibition on CNS 
D: Withdrawal symptoms can be caused by sudden withdrawal after long-term using
E: It has central muscle relaxation
答案: 【 Has analgesic effect】

8、单选题：
‎Which of the following is incorrect ​
选项：
A: diazepam is safer than Phenobarbital
B: both diazepam and phenpbarbital can induce P450 microsomal enzymes
C:  diazepam can produce muscle relaxation
D: both diazepam and phenpbarbital are used in the treatment of convulsion
E: both diazepam and phenpbarbital may increase the effect of GABA in CNS
答案: 【 both diazepam and phenpbarbital can induce P450 microsomal enzymes】

9、多选题：
‎The advantages of benzodiezepines compared with babiturates are‍
选项：
A:  the rebound insomnia upon discontinuance of drugs is lighter 
B:  do not induce hepatic enzyme
C:  dependence is light
D:  higher treatment index
E:  side effects are ligher
答案: 【  the rebound insomnia upon discontinuance of drugs is lighter ;
 do not induce hepatic enzyme;
 dependence is light;
 higher treatment index;
 side effects are ligher】

10、多选题：
‏The effect of the therapeutic dose of diazepam on sleep including‎
选项：
A: Prolong stage 4 of non-REM sleep
B: Significantly shorten the REM sleep
C: mainly prolong the stage 2 of non-REM sleep
D: Shorten stage 3 of non-REM sleep
E: Does not affect REM sleep 
答案: 【 mainly prolong the stage 2 of non-REM sleep;
Shorten stage 3 of non-REM sleep】

Antiepileptic and anticonvulsive drugs

1、单选题：
‌A young boy who has been treated for epilepsy for a year is referred to a periodontist ‎‌for evaluation and treatment of massive overgrowth of his gingival tissues. Some teeth are almost completely covered with hyperplastic tissue. Which drug is the most likely cause of the oral pathology?‎
选项：
A: Carbamazepine
B: Lorazepam
C: Phenobarbital
D: Phenytoin
E: Valproic acid
答案: 【 Phenytoin】

2、单选题：
‏Which of the following statements about phenytoin is not true‌
选项：
A: has a sedative effect
B: can be used for patients with epilepsy
C: can be used to treat patients with arrhythmia
D:  can be used to manage patients with trigeminal neuralgia
E: can cause gingival hyperplasia
答案: 【 has a sedative effect】

3、单选题：
‌Which is the first choice in status epilepticus ‍
选项：
A:  magnesium sulfate
B: carbamazepine
C:  ethosuximide
D:  diazepam
E: none of the above
答案: 【  diazepam】

4、单选题：
‌Long-term use of phenytoin sodium should supplement‌
选项：
A: VitB12
B:  Iron
C: Folic acid 
D: Dihydrofolic acid
E: Formyl tetrahydrofolic acid
答案: 【 Formyl tetrahydrofolic acid】

5、多选题：
‍Adverse reactions of phenytoin sodium include​
选项：
A: gastrointestinal effects
B:  ataxia
C:  nystagmus
D: gingiva hyperplasia
E: hypocalcemia
答案: 【 gastrointestinal effects;
 ataxia;
 nystagmus;
gingiva hyperplasia;
hypocalcemia】

Anti-parkinsonism drugs

1、单选题：
‍ The main reason for the combination use of levodopa with carbidopa is‌
选项：
A: to increase the absorption of L-dopa
B:  to inhibit levodopa decarboxylation in the periphery
C:  to inhibit MAO 
D:  to inhibit COMT
E: to increase L-dopa converting to dopamine directly
答案: 【  to inhibit levodopa decarboxylation in the periphery】

2、单选题：
​L-dopa​
选项：
A: enters the CNS easily
B: Can be used Parkison’s syndrome induced by chlorpromazine
C: more effective for tremor patients
D: can be used in the hepatic coma
E: can be used with Vatmin B6
答案: 【 can be used in the hepatic coma】

3、单选题：
‎The bioavailability of L-dopa is very low, this is due to‎
选项：
A: difficulty to pass through the brain barrier
B: rapid acetylation in liver
C:  peripheral hydroxylation
D: a low absorption rate
E: rapid peripheral decarboxylation
答案: 【  peripheral hydroxylation】

4、单选题：
‌Male, 45-year-old, suffered from serious schizophrenia, have been treated with chlorpromazine for two years. During this two years, the dosage of chlorpromazine increases gradually to 600mg/d. However, recently the patients showed muscle tremor ‌‌bradykinesia, salivate. What drugs should be used? ‌
选项：
A: Artane
B: Levodopa
C: Amantadine
D: Diazepam
E: Bromocriptine
答案: 【 Artane】

5、单选题：
‍What is the mechanism of levodopa in treating Parkinson's disease?‌‍‌
选项：
A: Peripheral decarboxylation to dopamine
B: Promoting the release of dopaminergic neurotransmitters in the brain
C: Decarboxylation to dopamine after entry into the brain
D: Direct stimulation of dopamine receptors in the brain
E:  Inhibiting dopamine reuptake in the brain
答案: 【 Decarboxylation to dopamine after entry into the brain】

6、多选题：
‍Which of the following statements about Levodopa are true? ​‍​
选项：
A:  It works slowly
B:  It has a good effect on mild patients
C:  Poor efficacy for the elderly
D: Good effect on muscle tremor
E: With the prolongation of medication, the effect is gradually enhanced
答案: 【  It works slowly;
 It has a good effect on mild patients;
 Poor efficacy for the elderly】

7、多选题：
‍Which of the following adverse reaction about Levodopa are ture?‍
选项：
A:  hyperkinesia
B:  On-off phenomena
C: Mental disorders
D:  Akathisia
E: Nausea, vomiting, and decreased gastric emptying
答案: 【  hyperkinesia;
 On-off phenomena;
Mental disorders;
Nausea, vomiting, and decreased gastric emptying】

Antipsychiatric drugs

1、单选题：
‎ Extrapyramidal symptoms caused by chlorpromazine is due to‌
选项：
A: blocking DA recepter in mid-brain-limbic system 
B:  inhibiting α-receptor in brain
C: inhibiting Darecepter in tuberoinfunfibular pathway
D:  inhibiting M-receptor in CNS 
E:  blocking DA receptor in nigrostriatal pathway
答案: 【  blocking DA receptor in nigrostriatal pathway】

2、单选题：
‌The main mechanism of antipsychiatric action of chlorpromazine relies in‌
选项：
A: blocking DA receptors in the nigra-striatum system.
B:  blocking DA receptors in the midbrain limbic system.
C:  blocking central M-receptors.
D: blocking α-receptors in the ascending activating system of the reticular formation.
E: blocking Dareceptors in the hypothalamas.
答案: 【  blocking DA receptors in the midbrain limbic system.】

3、单选题：
‌The drug that has potent antipsychotic effect, but no extrapyramidal reactions is ‎
选项：
A: chlorpromazine
B: perphenazine
C: tardan
D:  haloperidol 
E:  clozapine
答案: 【  clozapine】

4、单选题：
‌Which of the following drugs can be used in treating intractable hiccup ​
选项：
A: diazepam
B:  chloral hydrate
C: Phenobarbital
D: chlorpromazine
E: promethazine
答案: 【 chlorpromazine】

5、单选题：
‌In all of the following side effects of chlorpromazine, which can be aggravated by artane? ‎
选项：
A: akathisia
B: parkison’s syndrome
C:  acute diatonia
D: tardive dyskinesia
E: postural hypotension
答案: 【 tardive dyskinesia】

6、单选题：
‍The antiemetic mechanism of low-dose chlorpromazine is‍
选项：
A: Direct inhibition on the vomiting center
B: Block central 5-HT3 receptor
C: Block 5-HT3 receptor on the afferent fibers of the vagus nerve
D:  block D2 receptor on the Tubero-infundibular pathway
E:  Block the D2 receptor on the chemoreceptor trigger zone 
答案: 【  Block the D2 receptor on the chemoreceptor trigger zone 】

7、多选题：
‏Which are the side effects of chlorpromazine?‌
选项：
A: akathisia 
B: parkinson’s syndrome
C:  postural hypotension
D:  tardive dyskinesia  
E:  acute dystonia
答案: 【 akathisia ;
parkinson’s syndrome;
 postural hypotension;
 tardive dyskinesia  ;
 acute dystonia】

8、多选题：
‏The application of chlorpromazine includes‏
选项：
A: Artificial hibernation
B:  schizophrenia
C: medication-induced vomiting
D:  vomiting caused by motion sickness
E: mania
答案: 【 Artificial hibernation;
 schizophrenia;
medication-induced vomiting;
mania】

Analgesics

1、单选题：
​Which of the following statements about morphine is INCORRECT? ‌
选项：
A: It is used therapeutically to relieve pain caused by severe head injury
B: Its withdrawal symptoms can be alleviated by methadone
C: It can be used in non-infectious diarrhea
D: It causes vomiting
E: It rapidly enters many tissues including placental barrier
答案: 【 It is used therapeutically to relieve pain caused by severe head injury】

2、单选题：
‍The following characteristics of Morphine are true except: ​‍​
选项：
A: Causing constipation
B: Inhibition of respiration
C: Decreasing intracranial pressure 
D: Causing sedation and euphoria
E: Constricting bronchial smooth muscle at large dose
答案: 【 Decreasing intracranial pressure 】

3、单选题：
 A 25-year-old male is seen in the emergency department. He is disoriented but states that he has had nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea since he took “too many pain pills”. Before he can tell you more, he loses consciousness. Liver function tests are normal. In addition to gastric lavage, what is the appropriate treatment?     ​
选项：
A: Flumazenil
B:  Naloxone
C: Adrenaline
D: Domperidone
E:  Diphenhyddramine
答案: 【  Naloxone】

4、单选题：
Which of the following is an absolute contraindication for opioid use?​
选项：
A: Myocardial infarction
B: Renal colic
C: Acute pulmonary edema
D: Closed head injuries
E: Terminal cancer pain
答案: 【 Closed head injuries】

5、多选题：
The mechanisms of Morphine for treating Cardiac asthma include:​
选项：
A: Elevating blood pressure
B: Decreasing leukotrienes release
C: Decreasing the sensitivity of respiratory center to CO2 in order to relieve shortness of breath
D:  Bronchial smooth muscle dilation
E: Peripheral arterial and venous dilation in order to alleviate pulmonary edema
答案: 【 Decreasing the sensitivity of respiratory center to CO2 in order to relieve shortness of breath;
Peripheral arterial and venous dilation in order to alleviate pulmonary edema】

ntipyretic-analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs

1、单选题：
 Which of the following statements about aspirin is FALSE?‍
选项：
A: It’s analgesia is due to the inhibition of PG synthesis
B: It’s main adverse effect is gastrointestinal reaction
C: It can inhibit lipoxidase
D: It inhibits the synthesis of both PGI2 and TXA2 in large dose
E: It is mainly used to relieve headache and other dull pain
答案: 【 It can inhibit lipoxidase】

2、单选题：
‍Which of the followings about antipyretic effect of NSAIDS is CORRECT? ​
选项：
A: Inhibiting COX in CNS and decreasing the synthesis of PGs
B: Can be used in artificial hibernation
C: Decreasing normal temperature
D: Non-effective in rheumatic fever
E: Making body temperature altering with the environmental temperature
答案: 【 Inhibiting COX in CNS and decreasing the synthesis of PGs】

3、单选题：
‎Which of the following is NOT the adverse reaction of Aspirin?‏
选项：
A: Gastrointestinal side effects
B: Constipation
C: Aggravate bleeding tendency
D: Hypersensitivity reactions 
E: Reyes syndrome
答案: 【 Constipation】

4、单选题：
‌Aspirin can induce all of the following effect EXCEPT：‎
选项：
A: Reducing fever  
B: Reducing prostaglandin synthesis in inflammatory tissue 
C: Inducing asthma when taken in toxic dosage  
D: Inducing tendency to bleeding 
E: Reducing the synthesis of leukotrienes
答案: 【 Reducing the synthesis of leukotrienes】

5、单选题：
 A 70-year-old man suffers a myocardial infarction (MI). He is admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit and is given aspirin and a blocker. A catheterization procedure is scheduled. The patient’s wife, who is a pharmacy technician, wants to know why the patient is being given aspirin and not another nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). What is the best answer to this question?‏
选项：
A: Aspirin inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2
B: Aspirin has much greater antithrombotic activity
C: Aspirin irreversibly binds to its binding site on the enzyme
D: Aspirin is a weak acid
E: Aspirin is excreted by the kidneys
答案: 【 Aspirin has much greater antithrombotic activity】

Calcium Channel Blocker

1、单选题：
​ Which of the following is not the indication of calcium channel blockers?‏
选项：
A: angina
B: hypertension
C: bronchial asthma
D: bradycardia
E: migraine headache
答案: 【 bradycardia】

2、单选题：
‎Which of the following calcium channel blockers inhibits cardiac activity most strongly?‏
选项：
A:  nifedipine
B:  Verapamil
C: diltiazem
D: Minoxidil
E: Nitroglycerin
答案: 【  Verapamil】

Anti-arrythmatic Drugs

1、单选题：
​A patient is admitted into the emergency room and manifests ventricular tachycardia fo