大学MOOC 微观经济学(九江学院)1461073170 最新慕课完整章节测试答案
第一讲像经济学家一样思考
课后测验
1、单选题：
Economics is best defined as the study of:
选项：
A: how people make choices in the face of scarcity and the implications of those choices for society as a whole.
B: inflation, interest rates and the stock market.
C: supply and demand.
D: the financial concerns of businesses and individuals.
答案: 【 how people make choices in the face of scarcity and the implications of those choices for society as a whole.】
2、单选题：
Economics is the study of:
选项：
A: the financial concerns of businesses and individuals.
B: choice in the face of limited resources.
C: the role of government in limiting the choices people make.
D: whether we will have enough resources in the future.
答案: 【 choice in the face of limited resources.】
3、单选题：
Economists recognize that because people have limited resources:
选项：
A: our future is bleak.
B: they will never be happy.
C: they have to make trade-offs.
D: government intervention is necessary.
答案: 【 they have to make trade-offs.】
4、单选题：
The Scarcity Principle states that:
选项：
A: society will eventually run out of resources.
B: with limited resources, having more of one thing means having less of another.
C: some countries have fewer resources than others.
D: people don't have enough money to buy what they want.
答案: 【 with limited resources, having more of one thing means having less of another.】
5、单选题：
An implication of scarcity is that:
选项：
A: people must make trade-offs.
B: people will never be happy.
C: some people will always be poor.
D: making trade-offs becomes unnecessary as wealth increases.
答案: 【 people must make trade-offs.】
6、单选题：
If all the world's resources were to magically increase one hundredfold, then:
选项：
A: people would still have to make trade-offs.
B: trade-offs would become unnecessary.
C: economics would no longer be relevant.
D: scarcity would disappear.
答案: 【 people would still have to make trade-offs.】
7、单选题：
The Scarcity Principle applies to:
选项：
A: consumers primarily.
B: firms primarily.
C: poor people primarily.
D: everyone.
答案: 【 everyone.】
8、单选题：
Forest lives in complete isolation in Montana. He is self-sufficient and feeds himself through hunting, fishing, and farming. Which of the following statements about Forest is true?
选项：
A: Forest is not required to make trade-offs because he is self-sufficient.
B: Forest has unlimited resources.
C: Forest doesn't have to consider costs and benefits.
D: Forest has to make trade-offs.
答案: 【 Forest has to make trade-offs.】
9、单选题：
The Scarcity Principle applies to:
选项：
A: only non-market decisions, e.g., watching a sunset.
B: only the poor.
C: only market decisions, e.g., buying a car.
D: all decisions.
答案: 【 all decisions.】
10、单选题：
Chris has a one-hour break between classes every Wednesday. Chris can either stay at the library and study or go to the gym and work out. The decision Chris must make is:
选项：
A: not an economic problem because it's an hour that Chris has no matter what he does.
B: an economic problem because the tuition Chris pays covers the cost of both the gym and the library.
C: an economic problem because Chris has only one hour, and engaging in one activity means giving up the other.
D: not an economic problem because neither activity costs money.
答案: 【 an economic problem because Chris has only one hour, and engaging in one activity means giving up the other.】
11、单选题：
Josh wants to go to the football game this weekend, but he has a paper due on Monday. It will take him the whole weekend to write the paper. Josh decides to stay home and work on the paper. According to the Scarcity Principle, the reason Josh doesn't go to the game is that:
选项：
A: Josh can't go the game and finish the paper.
B: Josh prefers schoolwork to football games.
C: going to the game won't be fun.
D: writing the paper is easier than going to the game.
答案: 【 Josh can't go the game and finish the paper.】
12、单选题：
Whether studying the output of the U.S. economy or how many classes a student will take, an unifying concept is that:
选项：
A: wants are unlimited and resources are scarce, so trade-offs have to be made.
B: both wants and resources are unlimited.
C: wants are limited and resources are unlimited, so trade-offs have to be made.
D: wants are limited and resources are unlimited, so trade-offs are unnecessary.
答案: 【 wants are unlimited and resources are scarce, so trade-offs have to be made.】
13、单选题：
The Cost-Benefit Principle indicates that an action should be taken if:
选项：
A: its average benefits exceed its average costs.
B: its extra benefit is greater than or equal to its extra cost.
C: its total benefits exceed its total costs.
D: its net benefit (benefit minus cost) is zero.
答案: 【 its extra benefit is greater than or equal to its extra cost.】
14、单选题：
If a person takes an action if, and only if, the extra benefits from taking that action exceed the extra costs, then that person is:
选项：
A: not rational.
B: following the Cost-Benefit Principle.
C: following the Scarcity Principle.
D: not following the Cost-Benefit Principle.
答案: 【 following the Cost-Benefit Principle.】
15、单选题：
Choosing to study for an exam until the extra benefit (e.g., improved score) equals the extra cost (e.g., the value of foregone activities) is:
选项：
A: not rational because it ignores the importance of total benefits and total costs.
B: an application of the Cost-Benefit Principle.
C: not an economic choice.
D: an application of the Scarcity Principle.
答案: 【 an application of the Cost-Benefit Principle.】
16、单选题：
The Scarcity Principle tells us ________, and the Cost-Benefit Principle tells us ________.
选项：
A: how to make good choices; that choices involve costs and benefits
B: that good choices eliminate scarcity; how to make good choices
C: how to make choices; that choices must be made
D: that choices must be made; how to make good choices
答案: 【 that choices must be made; how to make good choices】
17、单选题：
According to the Cost-Benefit Principle, you should go see the latest Star Wars movie with your friends this week-end if:
选项：
A: you can afford to go to the movies.
B: the extra benefits of seeing the movie are greater than the extra costs of seeing the movie.
C: you really like Star Wars.
D: the average benefit you get from going to the movies is greater than the average cost of a ticket.
答案: 【 the extra benefits of seeing the movie are greater than the extra costs of seeing the movie.】
18、单选题：
A rational person:
选项：
A: undertakes activities until the net benefits become less than zero.
B: makes choices based on total benefits and total costs.
C: considers the financial benefits and financial costs of making a choice.
D: makes choices based on added benefits and added costs.
答案: 【 makes choices based on added benefits and added costs.】
19、单选题：
Suppose that the extra cost to Tim of a third glass of soda is zero because he's at a restaurant that gives free refills. According to the Cost-Benefit Principle Tim should:
选项：
A: not drink a third glass of soda.
B: drink a third glass of soda if his total benefit from drinking soda is positive.
C: drink a third glass of soda.
D: drink a third glass of soda if the extra benefit of doing so is positive.
答案: 【 drink a third glass of soda if the extra benefit of doing so is positive.】
20、单选题：
Janie must choose to either mow the lawn or wash clothes. If she mows the lawn, she will earn $30, and if she washes clothes, she will earn $45. She dislikes both tasks equally and they both take the same amount of time. Janie will therefore choose to ________ because it generates a ________ economic surplus.
选项：
A: mow the lawn; bigger
B: mow the law; smaller
C: wash clothes; smaller
D: wash clothes; bigger
答案: 【 wash clothes; bigger】
21、单选题：
Dean should play golf instead of preparing for tomorrow's exam in economics if:
选项：
A: he is irrational.
B: the economic surplus from playing golf is greater than the economic surplus from studying.
C: Dean can play golf for free.
D: the benefit of golfing is greater than the benefit of studying.
答案: 【 the economic surplus from playing golf is greater than the economic surplus from studying.】
22、单选题：
Larry was accepted at three different graduate schools, and must choose one. Elite U costs $50,000 per year and did not offer Larry any financial aid. Larry values attending Elite U at $60,000 per year. State College costs $30,000 per year, and offered Larry an annual $10,000 scholarship. Larry values attending State College at $40,000 per year. NoName U costs $20,000 per year, and offered Larry a full $20,000 annual scholarship. Larry values attending NoName at $15,000 per year. Larry's opportunity cost of attending Elite U is:
选项：
A: $70,000
B: $20,000
C: $50,000
D: $15,000
答案: 【 $70,000】
23、单选题：
Larry was accepted at three different graduate schools, and must choose one. Elite U costs $50,000 per year and did not offer Larry any financial aid. Larry values attending Elite U at $60,000 per year. State College costs $30,000 per year, and offered Larry an annual $10,000 scholarship. Larry values attending State College at $40,000 per year. NoName U costs $20,000 per year, and offered Larry a full $20,000 annual scholarship. Larry values attending NoName at $15,000 per year. Larry's opportunity cost of attending State College is:
选项：
A: $20,000
B: $35,000
C: $15,000
D: $30,000
答案: 【 $35,000】
24、单选题：
Larry was accepted at three different graduate schools, and must choose one. Elite U costs $50,000 per year and did not offer Larry any financial aid. Larry values attending Elite U at $60,000 per year. State College costs $30,000 per year, and offered Larry an annual $10,000 scholarship. Larry values attending State College at $40,000 per year. NoName U costs $20,000 per year, and offered Larry a full $20,000 annual scholarship. Larry values attending NoName at $15,000 per year. Larry's opportunity cost of attending State NoName U is:
选项：
A: $15,000
B: $30,000
C: $60,000
D: $20,000
答案: 【 $20,000】
25、单选题：
Larry was accepted at three different graduate schools, and must choose one. Elite U costs $50,000 per year and did not offer Larry any financial aid. Larry values attending Elite U at $60,000 per year. State College costs $30,000 per year, and offered Larry an annual $10,000 scholarship. Larry values attending State College at $40,000 per year. NoName U costs $20,000 per year, and offered Larry a full $20,000 annual scholarship. Larry values attending NoName at $15,000 per year. Larry maximizes his economic surplus by attending:
选项：
A: State College.
B: NoName U because the annual cost is only $20,000.
C: NoName U because he has a full scholarship there.
D: Elite U.
答案: 【 State College.】
26、单选题：
Larry was accepted at three different graduate schools, and must choose one. Elite U costs $50,000 per year and did not offer Larry any financial aid. Larry values attending Elite U at $60,000 per year. State College costs $30,000 per year, and offered Larry an annual $10,000 scholarship. Larry values attending State College at $40,000 per year. NoName U costs $20,000 per year, and offered Larry a full $20,000 annual scholarship. Larry values attending NoName at $15,000 per year. What is Larry's economic surplus from attending State College instead of his next best alternative?
选项：
A: $10,000
B: $40,000
C: $20,000
D: $5,000
答案: 【 $5,000】
27、单选题：
Jen spends her afternoon at the beach, paying $1 to rent a beach umbrella and $11 for food and drinks rather than spending an equal amount of money to go to a movie. Her opportunity cost of going to the beach is:
选项：
A: the $12 she spent on the umbrella, food and drinks.
B: only $0 because she would have spent $12 to go to the movie.
C: the value she places on seeing the movie plus the $12 she spent on the umbrella, food and drinks.
D: the value she places on seeing the movie.
答案: 【 the value she places on seeing the movie.】
28、单选题：
All else equal, relative to a person who earns minimum wage, a person who earns $30 per hour has:
选项：
A: the same opportunity cost of spending time on leisure activities.
B: a higher opportunity cost of working an additional hour.
C: a lower opportunity cost of driving farther to work.
D: a higher opportunity cost of taking the day off work.
答案: 【 a higher opportunity cost of taking the day off work.】
29、单选题：
The opportunity cost of an activity includes the value of:
选项：
A: the least-best alternative that must be foregone.
B: the chosen activity minus the value of the next-best alternative.
C: all of the alternatives that must be forgone.
D: the next-best alternative that must be foregone.
答案: 【 the next-best alternative that must be foregone.】
30、单选题：
Amy is thinking about going to the movies tonight. A movie ticket costs $15, and she'll have to cancel a $20 dog-sitting job that she would have been willing to do for free. The opportunity to Amy cost of going to the movies is:
选项：
A: $35.
B: $5.
C: $20.
D: $15.
答案: 【 $35.】
31、单选题：
The economic surplus of an action is:
选项：
A: the benefit gained by taking an action.
B: the difference between the benefit and the cost of taking an action.
C: the difference the explicit and implicit costs of taking an action.
D: the money a person has left over after taking an action.
答案: 【 the difference between the benefit and the cost of taking an action.】
32、单选题：
You are trying to decide whether to purchase the latest Harry Potter book online or borrow it from the library. There is no charge for borrowing a book from the library, but going to the library takes more time than ordering a book online. Regardless of how you get the book, its benefit to you is the same. If the cost of buying the book online is $13, then you should:
选项：
A: buy the book online because it takes less time.
B: borrow the book from the library because you can get it from the library for free.
C: borrow the book from the library if the cost of doing so (in terms of the extra time it takes) is greater than $13.
D: borrow the book from the library if the cost of doing so (in terms of the extra time it takes) is less than $13.
答案: 【 borrow the book from the library if the cost of doing so (in terms of the extra time it takes) is less than $13.】
33、单选题：
Alex received a four-year scholarship to State U. that covered tuition and fees, room and board, and books and supplies. If Alex becomes a full-time student, then:
选项：
A: the opportunity cost of attending State U. includes the sum of the benefits Alex would had from attending each of the other schools to which he was admitted.
B: the opportunity cost of attending State U. includes the money Alex could have earned working for four years.
C: attending State U. for four years is costless for Alex.
D: Alex has no incentive to study hard while at State U.
答案: 【 the opportunity cost of attending State U. includes the money Alex could have earned working for four years.】
34、单选题：
Suppose Mary is willing to pay up to $15,000 for an used Ford pick-up truck. If she buys one for $12,000, her ________ would be ________.
选项：
A: benefit; $12,000
B: economic surplus; $12,000
C: cost; $15,000
D: economic surplus; $3,000
答案: 【 economic surplus; $3,000】
35、单选题：
If individuals are rational, they should choose actions that yield the:
选项：
A: smallest economic surplus.
B: smallest total costs.
C: largest total benefits.
D: largest economic surplus.
答案: 【 largest economic surplus.】
36、单选题：
Suppose the most you would be willing to pay for a plane ticket home is $250. If you buy one for $175, then your economic surplus is:
选项：
A: $175.
B: $0.
C: $75.
D: $250.
答案: 【 $75.】
37、单选题：
The Cost-Benefit Principle:
选项：
A: provides an abstract model of how people should choose between alternatives.
B: provides little insight into how people actually chose between alternatives.
C: fully captures how people choose between alternatives.
D: describes how people behave once they have enough education.
答案: 【 provides an abstract model of how people should choose between alternatives.】
38、单选题：
Economists believe the Cost-Benefit Principle is:
选项：
A: a simple but useful model of how people should make choices.
B: of little use to those who wish to learn how to make better decisions.
C: a comprehensive description all the factors that influence people's choices.
D: an interesting intellectual exercise with little applicability to the real world.
答案: 【 a simple but useful model of how people should make choices.】
39、单选题：
The cost-benefit model used by economists is:
选项：
A: useful because most people follow it most of the time.
B: useful because everyone follows it all of the time.
C: unrealistic because it is too detailed and specific to apply to most situations.
D: unrealistic because everyone can think of times when he or she violated the principle.
答案: 【 useful because most people follow it most of the time.】
40、单选题：
Economists use abstract models because:
选项：
A: they are useful for describing general patterns of behavior.
B: computers have allowed economists to develop abstract models.
C: every economic situation is essentially the same, so specific details are unnecessary.
D: every economic situation is unique, so it is impossible to make generalizations.
答案: 【 they are useful for describing general patterns of behavior.】
41、单选题：
The fact that most people make some decisions based on intuition rather than calculation is:
选项：
A: consistent with the cost-benefit model because calculating costs and benefits is irrational.
B: inconsistent with the cost-benefit model, but still rational.
C: consistent with the cost-benefit model because most people intuitively weigh costs and benefits.
D: irrational, because intuition is usually wrong.
答案: 【 consistent with the cost-benefit model because most people intuitively weigh costs and benefits.】
42、单选题：
Moe has a big exam tomorrow. He considered studying this evening, but decided to hang out with Curly instead. If neither activity involves any explicit costs, and Moe always chooses rationally, it must be true that:
选项：
A: Moe gets more benefit from spending time with Curly than from studying.
B: Moe gets less benefit from spending time with Curly than from studying.
C: the opportunity cost of studying is less than the value Moe gets from spending time with Curly.
D: the opportunity cost of studying is greater than the value Moe gets from spending time with Curly.
答案: 【 Moe gets more benefit from spending time with Curly than from studying.】
43、单选题：
If one fails to account for implicit costs in decision making, then applying the cost-benefit rule will be flawed because:
选项：
A: the costs will be understated.
B: the benefits will be overstated.
C: the benefits will be understated.
D: the costs will be overstated.
答案: 【 the costs will be understated.】
44、单选题：
Your classmates from the University of Chicago are planning to go to Miami for spring break, and you are undecided about whether you should go with them. The round-trip airfares are $600, but you have a frequent-flyer coupon worth $500 that you could use to pay part of the airfare. All other costs for the vacation are exactly $900. The most you would be willing to pay for the trip is $1400. Your only alternative use for your frequent-flyer coupon is for your trip to Atlanta two weeks after the break to attend your sister's graduation, which your parents are forcing you to attend. The Chicago-Atlanta round-trip airfares are $450. If you do not use the frequent-flyer coupon to fly to Miami, should you go to Miami?
选项：
A: Yes, your benefit is equal to your cost.
B: No, because there are no benefits in the trip.
C: Yes, your benefit is more than your cost.
D: No, your benefit is less than your cost.
答案: 【 No, your benefit is less than your cost.】
45、单选题：
Your classmates from the University of Chicago are planning to go to Miami for spring break, and you are undecided about whether you should go with them. The round-trip airfares are $600, but you have a frequent-flyer coupon worth $500 that you could use to pay part of the airfare. All other costs for the vacation are exactly $900. The most you would be willing to pay for the trip is $1400. Your only alternative use for your frequent-flyer coupon is for your trip to Atlanta two weeks after the break to attend your sister's graduation, which your parents are forcing you to attend. The Chicago-Atlanta round-trip airfares are $450. What is the opportunity cost of using the coupon for the Miami trip?
选项：
A: $550
B: $500
C: $100
D: $450
答案: 【 $450】
46、单选题：
Your classmates from the University of Chicago are planning to go to Miami for spring break, and you are undecided about whether you should go with them. The round-trip airfares are $600, but you have a frequent-flyer coupon worth $500 that you could use to pay part of the airfare. All other costs for the vacation are exactly $900. The most you would be willing to pay for the trip is $1400. Your only alternative use for your frequent-flyer coupon is for your trip to Atlanta two weeks after the break to attend your sister's graduation, which your parents are forcing you to attend. The Chicago-Atlanta round-trip airfares are $450. Should you use the frequent flyer coupon to go to Miami?
选项：
A: No, your benefit is less than your cost.
B: Yes, your benefit is more than your cost.
C: Yes, your benefit is equal to your cost.
D: No, because there are no benefits in the trip.
答案: 【 No, your benefit is less than your cost.】
47、单选题：
Your classmates from the University of Chicago are planning to go to Miami for spring break, and you are undecided about whether you should go with them. The round-trip airfares are $600, but you have a frequent-flyer coupon worth $500 that you could use to pay part of the airfare. All other costs for the vacation are exactly $900. The most you would be willing to pay for the trip is $1400. Your only alternative use for your frequent-flyer coupon is for your trip to Atlanta two weeks after the break to attend your sister's graduation, which your parents are forcing you to attend. The Chicago-Atlanta round-trip airfares are $450. If the Chicago-Atlanta round-trip air fare were $350, should you use the coupon to go to Miami?
选项：
A: No, your economic surplus would be -$100.
B: No, your economic surplus would be -$50.
C: Yes, your economic surplus would be $50.
D: Yes, your economic surplus would be $400.
答案: 【 Yes, your economic surplus would be $50.】
48、单选题：
Pat earns $25,000 per year (after taxes), and Pat's spouse, Chris, earns $35,000 (after taxes). They have two pre-school-aged children. Childcare for their children costs $12,000 per year. Given that Chris doesn't want to stay home with the kids, regardless of what Pat does, Pat should stay home with the kids if, and only if, the value of Pat spending more time with the kids is greater than:
选项：
A: $25,000 per year.
B: $37,000 per year.
C: $13,000 per year.
D: $12,000 per year.
答案: 【 $13,000 per year.】
49、单选题：
You paid $35 for a ticket (which is non-refundable) to see SPAM, a local rock band, in concert on Saturday. Assume that $35 is the most you would have been willing to pay for a ticket. Your boss called, and she is looking for someone to cover a shift on Saturday at the same time as the concert. You would have to work 4 hours and she would pay you $11/hr. The psychic cost to you of working is $2/hr. Should you go to the concert instead of working Saturday?
选项：
A: No, because there are no benefits of going to the concert.
B: Yes, the benefit of going to the concert is more than the cost.
C: No, the benefit of going to the concert is less than the cost.
D: Yes, the benefit of going to the concert is equal to the cost.
答案: 【 No, the benefit of going to the concert is less than the cost.】
50、单选题：
You paid $35 for a ticket (which is non-refundable) to see SPAM, a local rock band, in concert on Saturday. Assume that $35 is the most you would have been willing to pay for a ticket. Your boss called, and she is looking for someone to cover a shift on Saturday at the same time as the concert. You would have to work 4 hours and she would pay you $11/hr. The psychic cost to you of working is $2/hr. What is the opportunity cost of going to the concert?
选项：
A: $9
B: $35
C: $36
D: $1
答案: 【 $36】
51、单选题：
You paid $35 for a ticket (which is non-refundable) to see SPAM, a local rock band, in concert on Saturday. Assume that $35 is the most you would have been willing to pay for a ticket. Your boss called, and she is looking for someone to cover a shift on Saturday at the same time as the concert. You would have to work 4 hours and she would pay you $11/hr. The psychic cost to you of working is $2/hr. What is your opportunity cost of going to work on Saturday?
选项：
A: $36
B: $0
C: $35
D: $9
答案: 【 $35】
52、单选题：
You paid $35 for a ticket (which is non-refundable) to see SPAM, a local rock band, in concert on Saturday. Assume that $35 is the most you would have been willing to pay for a ticket. Your boss called, and she is looking for someone to cover a shift on Saturday at the same time as the concert. You would have to work 4 hours and she would pay you $11/hr. The psychic cost to you of working is $2/hr. Your economic surplus from going to work instead of seeing SPAM on Saturday is:
选项：
A: $1
B: $36
C: $0
D: $35
答案: 【 $1】
53、单选题：
Matt has decided to purchase his textbooks for the semester. His options are to purchase the books online with next day delivery at a cost of $175, or to drive to campus tomorrow to buy the books at the university bookstore at a cost of $170. Last week he drove to campus to buy a concert ticket because they offered 25 percent off the regular price of $16. The benefit to Matt of buying his books at the university bookstore instead of online is:
选项：
A: $170
B: $5
C: $9
D: $175
答案: 【 $5】
54、单选题：
Matt has decided to purchase his textbooks for the semester. His options are to purchase the books online with next day delivery at a cost of $175, or to drive to campus tomorrow to buy the books at the university bookstore at a cost of $170. Last week he drove to campus to buy a concert ticket because they offered 25 percent off the regular price of $16. The benefit to Matt of driving to campus to buy the concert ticket last week was:
选项：
A: $2
B: $4
C: $16
D: $9
答案: 【 $4】
55、单选题：
Matt has decided to purchase his textbooks for the semester. His options are to purchase the books online with next day delivery at a cost of $175, or to drive to campus tomorrow to buy the books at the university bookstore at a cost of $170. Last week he drove to campus to buy a concert ticket because they offered 25 percent off the regular price of $16. Given that driving to campus to buy the concert ticket was rational for Matt, Matt should:
选项：
A: drive to campus to buy the books because the books are cheaper at the bookstore than online.
B: not drive to campus to buy the books because the cost of gas and his time must certainly be more than the $5 he would save.
C: drive to campus to buy the books because the $5 he would save is more than he saved by driving to campus to buy the concert ticket.
D: not drive to campus to buy the books because the $5 he would save is only two percent of the cost of the books, and that is much less than the 25 percent he saved on the concert ticket.
答案: 【 drive to campus to buy the books because the $5 he would save is more than he saved by driving to campus to buy the concert ticket.】
56、单选题：
Matt has decided to purchase his textbooks for the semester. His options are to purchase the books online with next day delivery at a cost of $175, or to drive to campus tomorrow to buy the books at the university bookstore at a cost of $170. Last week he drove to campus to buy a concert ticket because they offered 25 percent off the regular price of $16. Assume the minimum that Matt would be willing to accept to drive to campus is equal to the $4 he saved on the concert ticket. What would his economic surplus be if he bought his textbooks at the university bookstore rather than online?
选项：
A: $1
B: $20
C: $5
D: $50
答案: 【 $1】
57、单选题：
The marginal benefit of an activity is the:
选项：
A: total benefit of an activity divided by the level of the activity.
B: same as the total benefit of an activity.
C: total benefit associated with an extra unit of the activity.
D: extra benefit associated with an extra unit of the activity.
答案: 【 extra benefit associated with an extra unit of the activity.】
58、单选题：
Suppose the marginal cost of the 1st hour of talking on the phone is $50, the marginal cost of the 2nd hour is $75, and the marginal cost of the 3rd hour is $105. In this case, the total cost of talking on the phone for 3 hours is:
选项：
A: $315
B: $150
C: $230
D: $105
答案: 【 $230】
59、单选题：
Suppose the total benefit of watching 1 baseball game is 100, the total benefit of watching 2 games is 120, and the total benefit of watching 3 games is 125. In this case, the marginal benefit of watching the 3rd game is:
选项：
A: 125
B: 41.67
C: 375
D: 5
答案: 【 5】
60、单选题：
The extra benefit that results from carrying out one additional unit of an activity is the ________ of the activity.
选项：
A: average benefit
B: marginal benefit
C: economic benefit
D: total benefit
答案: 【 marginal benefit】
61、单选题：
The marginal cost of an activity is the:
选项：
A: change in the total cost of the activity that results from carrying out an additional unit of the activity.
B: change in the level of the activity divided by the change in the cost of the activity.
C: the total cost of the activity divided by the change in the level of the activity.
D: the total cost of the activity divided by the level of the activity.
答案: 【 change in the total cost of the activity that results from carrying out an additional unit of the activity.】
62、单选题：
The extra cost that results from carrying out one additional unit of an activity is the ________ of the activity.
选项：
A: opportunity cost
B: reservation cost
C: marginal cost
D: marginal benefit
答案: 【 marginal cost】
63、单选题：
Dividing the total cost of n units of an activity by n reveals the:
选项：
A: units per cost.
B: average cost.
C: average benefit.
D: marginal cost.
答案: 【 average cost.】
64、单选题：
For the Fall semester, you had to pay a nonrefundable fee of $600 for your meal plan, which gives you up to 150 meals. If you eat all of the meals, your average cost for a meal is:
选项：
A: $6.
B: $4.
C: $5.
D: $0.25.
答案: 【 $4.】
65、单选题：
For the Fall semester, you had to pay a nonrefundable fee of $600 for your meal plan, which gives you up to 150 meals. If you eat 100 meals, your average cost for a meal is:
选项：
A: $5.
B: $0.25.
C: $6.
D: $4.
答案: 【 $6.】
66、单选题：
For the Fall semester, you had to pay a nonrefundable fee of $600 for your meal plan, which gives you up to 150 meals. If you eat 100 meals, your marginal cost of the 100th meal is:
选项：
A: $0.25.
B: $0.
C: $4.
D: $6.
答案: 【 $0.】
67、单选题：
The average benefit of n units of an activity is the:
选项：
A: total benefit of n units divided by n.
B: n times the total benefit of n units.
C: extra benefit from carrying out one additional unit of the activity.
D: n divided by the total benefit of n units.
答案: 【 total benefit of n units divided by n.】
68、单选题：
You save $10 on gas every week because you take the bus to school. You have class 5 days a week. What is your average benefit per day of taking the bus to school?
选项：
A: $5
B: $0
C: $2
D: $10
答案: 【 $2】
69、单选题：
Your scholarship depends on your maintaining a 3.5 cumulative GPA. Your GPA for last semester was 3.6, which brought your cumulative GPA down. What must be true?
选项：
A: Last semester's grades were higher than your overall GPA.
B: If this semester's grades are the same as last semester's, you might lose your scholarship.
C: If this semester's grades are the same as last semester's, your overall GPA will stay the same.
D: Last semester's grades were lower than your overall GPA.
答案: 【 Last semester's grades were lower than your overall GPA.】
70、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The average cost of 4 units of this activity is:
选项：
A: $40
B: $25
C: $30
D: $20
答案: 【 $25】
71、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The marginal cost of the 3rd unit of this activity is:
选项：
A: $10
B: $30
C: $20
D: $25
答案: 【 $20】
72、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The average benefit of 2 units of activity is:
选项：
A: $20
B: $40
C: $60
D: $80
答案: 【 $80】
73、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The marginal benefit of the 5th unit of activity is:
选项：
A: $10
B: $5
C: $50
D: $44
答案: 【 $10】
74、单选题：
Refer to the table below. According to the Cost-Benefit Principle, how many units of this activity should be carried out?
选项：
A: 4
B: 3
C: 6
D: 1
答案: 【 3】
75、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The average cost of 5 units of activity is:
选项：
A: $6
B: $8
C: $4
D: $10
答案: 【 $6】
76、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The marginal cost of the 4th unit of activity is:
选项：
A: $10
B: $5
C: $8
D: $6
答案: 【 $8】
77、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The average benefit of 4 units of activity is:
选项：
A: $5
B: $9
C: $10
D: $4
答案: 【 $9】
78、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The marginal benefit of the 6th unit of activity is:
选项：
A: $4
B: $7
C: $1
D: $2
答案: 【 $2】
79、单选题：
Refer to the table below. According to the Cost-Benefit Principle, how many units of this activity should be carried out?
选项：
A: 5
B: 4
C: 2
D: 3
答案: 【 3】
80、单选题：
The table below shows how total donations, average donations, total labor costs and average labor costs vary depending on the number of employees State U hires for its fundraising activities.
The total value of donations raised by three employees is:
选项：
A: $43,899.
B: $48,911.
C: $51,963.
D: $45,000.
答案: 【 $51,963.】
81、单选题：
The table below shows how total donations, average donations, total labor costs and average labor costs vary depending on the number of employees State U hires for its fundraising activities.
The total labor cost with 4 employees is:
选项：
A: $38,000.
B: $43,121.
C: $21,500.
D: $22,000.
答案: 【 $38,000.】
82、单选题：
The table below shows how total donations, average donations, total labor costs and average labor costs vary depending on the number of employees State U hires for its fundraising activities.
The President of State U decides to hire fundraising employees as long as their average benefit exceeds their average cost. This results in ________ employees being hired and a net benefit (total donations minus total labor costs) of ________.
选项：
A: 4; $22,000
B: 5; $67,080
C: 5; $17,080
D: 4; $60,000
答案: 【 5; $17,080】
83、单选题：
The table below shows how total donations, average donations, total labor costs and average labor costs vary depending on the number of employees State U hires for its fundraising activities.
The marginal benefit (in terms of extra donations) of the 2nd employee is:
选项：
A: $11,337.
B: $12,426.
C: $21,213.
D: $42,426.
答案: 【 $12,426.】
84、单选题：
The table below shows how total donations, average donations, total labor costs and average labor costs vary depending on the number of employees State U hires for its fundraising activities.
The marginal cost of the 4th employee is:
选项：
A: $11,000.
B: $10,750.
C: $13,000.
D: $9,500.
答案: 【 $11,000.】
85、单选题：
The table below shows how total donations, average donations, total labor costs and average labor costs vary depending on the number of employees State U hires for its fundraising activities.
The Chair of the Economics Department at State U says that fundraising employees should be hired as long as their marginal benefit exceeds their marginal cost. If the University follows this advice, then ________ employee(s) will hired, and the net benefit (total donations minus total labor costs) will be ________.
选项：
A: 3; $25,426
B: 1; $22,000
C: 2; $25,426
D: 2; $3,476
答案: 【 2; $25,426】
86、单选题：
The table below shows how total donations, average donations, total labor costs and average labor costs vary depending on the number of employees State U hires for its fundraising activities.
The net benefit of hiring fundraisers is largest when ________ employees are hired.
选项：
A: 2
B: 4
C: 3
D: 1
答案: 【 2】
87、单选题：
Ginger bought a phone that came with a $10 rebate. Ginger should fill out and mail in the rebate form if:
选项：
A: the opportunity cost of the time and trouble of sending in the rebate form is less than $10.
B: the opportunity cost of the time and trouble of sending in the rebate form is more than $10.
C: Ginger's surplus from purchasing the phone was less than $10.
D: she would have bought the phone without the rebate, and so sending in the rebate form involves no opportunity cost.
答案: 【 the opportunity cost of the time and trouble of sending in the rebate form is less than $10.】
88、单选题：
Tony notes that an electronics store is offering a flat $20 off all prices in the store. Tony reasons that if he wants to buy something with a price of $50, then it is a good offer, but if he wants to buy something with a price of $500, then it is not a good offer. This is an example of:
选项：
A: the proper application of the Cost-Benefit Principle.
B: inconsistent reasoning; saving $20 is saving $20.
C: rational choice because saving 40% is better than saving 4%.
D: inconsistent reasoning because prices are sunk costs.
答案: 【 inconsistent reasoning; saving $20 is saving $20.】
89、单选题：
Suppose a retail store was offering 10% off list prices on all goods. The benefit of the 10% savings is:
选项：
A: negatively related to the list price of the good.
B: zero since costs and benefits shouldn't be measured proportionally.
C: unrelated to the list price of the good.
D: positively related to the list price of the good.
答案: 【 positively related to the list price of the good.】
90、单选题：
A firm pays Pam $40 per hour to assemble personal computers. Each day, Pam can assemble 4 computers if she works 1 hour, 7 computers if she works 2 hours, 9 computers if she works 3 hours, and 10 computers if she works 4 hours. Pam cannot work more than 4 hours day. Each computer consists of a motherboard, a hard drive, a case, a monitor, a keyboard, and a mouse. The total cost of these parts is $600 per computer. What is the marginal cost of producing the computers that Pam can assemble during her 3rd hour of work?
选项：
A: $1,240
B: $5,400
C: $1,200
D: $5,520
答案: 【 $1,240】
91、单选题：
A firm pays Pam $40 per hour to assemble personal computers. Each day, Pam can assemble 4 computers if she works 1 hour, 7 computers if she works 2 hours, 9 computers if she works 3 hours, and 10 computers if she works 4 hours. Pam cannot work more than 4 hours day. Each computer consists of a motherboard, a hard drive, a case, a monitor, a keyboard, and a mouse. The total cost of these parts is $600 per computer. What is the marginal cost of producing the computers that Pam can assemble during her 2nd hour of work?
选项：
A: $4,200
B: $1,840
C: $4,280
D: $1,800
答案: 【 $1,840】
92、单选题：
A firm pays Pam $40 per hour to assemble personal computers. Each day, Pam can assemble 4 computers if she works 1 hour, 7 computers if she works 2 hours, 9 computers if she works 3 hours, and 10 computers if she works 4 hours. Pam cannot work more than 4 hours day. Each computer consists of a motherboard, a hard drive, a case, a monitor, a keyboard, and a mouse. The total cost of these parts is $600 per computer. If the firm sells each computer for $625, then how many hours a day should the firm employ Pam to maximize its net benefit from her employment?
选项：
A: 1 hour
B: 4 hours
C: 3 hours
D: 2 hours
答案: 【 3 hours】
93、单选题：
A firm pays Pam $40 per hour to assemble personal computers. Each day, Pam can assemble 4 computers if she works 1 hour, 7 computers if she works 2 hours, 9 computers if she works 3 hours, and 10 computers if she works 4 hours. Pam cannot work more than 4 hours day. Each computer consists of a motherboard, a hard drive, a case, a monitor, a keyboard, and a mouse. The total cost of these parts is $600 per computer. If the firm sells each computer for $650, then how many hours a day should the firm employ Pam to maximize its net benefit from her employment?
选项：
A: 3 hours
B: 4 hours
C: 1 hour
D: 2 hours
答案: 【 4 hours】
94、单选题：
If Jane works for 6 hours she can rent out 9 apartments, and if she works for 7 hours she can rent out 12 apartments. The marginal benefit of Jane's 7th hour of work equals:
选项：
A: 3 apartments
B: 9 apartments
C: 12 apartments
D: 1 apartment
答案: 【 3 apartments】
95、单选题：
The following table shows the relationship between the speed of a computer's CPU and its benefits and costs. Assume that all other features of the computer are the same (that is, CPU speed is the only source of variation), and only the CPU speeds listed below are available for purchase.
The marginal benefit of upgrading from a 2.0GHz computer to a 2.5GHz computer is:
选项：
A: $100.
B: $1,000.
C: $400.
D: $1,400.
答案: 【 $400.】
96、单选题：
The following table shows the relationship between the speed of a computer's CPU and its benefits and costs. Assume that all other features of the computer are the same (that is, CPU speed is the only source of variation), and only the CPU speeds listed below are available for purchase.
The total benefit of a 3.0GHz computer is:
选项：
A: $1,650.
B: $900.
C: $300.
D: $1,700.
答案: 【 $1,700.】
97、单选题：
The following table shows the relationship between the speed of a computer's CPU and its benefits and costs. Assume that all other features of the computer are the same (that is, CPU speed is the only source of variation), and only the CPU speeds listed below are available for purchase.
The total cost of a 2.5GHz computer is:
选项：
A: $100.
B: $1,000.
C: $900.
D: $200.
答案: 【 $1,000.】
98、单选题：
The following table shows the relationship between the speed of a computer's CPU and its benefits and costs. Assume that all other features of the computer are the same (that is, CPU speed is the only source of variation), and only the CPU speeds listed below are available for purchase.
The marginal cost of upgrading from a 2.5GHz to 3.0GHz computer is:
选项：
A: $300.
B: $200.
C: $100.
D: $400.
答案: 【 $200.】
99、单选题：
The following table shows the relationship between the speed of a computer's CPU and its benefits and costs. Assume that all other features of the computer are the same (that is, CPU speed is the only source of variation), and only the CPU speeds listed below are available for purchase.
Application of the Cost-Benefit Principle would lead one to purchase a ________ computer.
选项：
A: 3.0GHz
B: 2.0GHz
C: 2.5GHz
D: 4.0GHz
答案: 【 3.0GHz】
100、单选题：
The following table shows the relationship between the speed of a computer's CPU and its benefits and costs. Assume that all other features of the computer are the same (that is, CPU speed is the only source of variation), and only the CPU speeds listed below are available for purchase.
Choosing a 3.5GHz computer would be irrational because:
选项：
A: its marginal benefit is equal to its marginal cost.
B: its marginal benefit is greater than its marginal cost.
C: its marginal benefit is less than its marginal cost.
D: it is impossible to tell the difference compared to a 3.0GHz computer.
答案: 【 its marginal benefit is less than its marginal cost.】
101、单选题：
Jack has a ticket to see Bo Bice for which he paid $30 yesterday. He takes an unpaid day off from work to get ready for the concert. When he arrives at the concert, five different people offer him $70 for his ticket. Jack decides to keep his ticket. At the time he makes this decision, his opportunity cost of seeing Bo Bice is:
选项：
A: $70 plus his forgone earnings.
B: $70.
C: $40.
D: $30 plus his forgone earnings.
答案: 【 $70.】
102、单选题：
Jody has purchased a non-refundable $75 ticket to attend a Miley Cyrus concert on Friday night. Subsequently, she is asked to go to out dinner at no expense to her. If she uses cost-benefit analysis to choose between going to the concert and going out to dinner, the opportunity cost of going out to dinner should include:
选项：
A: only the cost of concert ticket.
B: neither the cost of the ticket nor the entertainment value of the concert.
C: only the entertainment value of the concert.
D: the cost of the ticket plus the entertainment value of the concert.
答案: 【 only the entertainment value of the concert.】
103、单选题：
You won a free ticket to see the latest Star Trek movie this Friday night (which you can costlessly resell for its face value of $15). Your favorite band is also performing on Friday and is your only alternative activity. Friday is your last chance to see either the movie or the band. Tickets to see your favorite band cost $30, and on any given day, you would be willing to pay as much as $50 for a ticket. Based on this information, what is your opportunity cost of going to see the Star Trek movie on Friday?
选项：
A: $30
B: $35
C: $50
D: $0
答案: 【 $35】
104、单选题：
You want to buy a TV that regularly costs $250. You can either buy the TV from a nearby store or from a store that's downtown. Relative to going to the nearby store, driving downtown involves additional time and gas. The downtown store, however, has a 10% off sale this week. Last week you drove downtown to save $20 on some concert tickets, a 15% savings. Should you drive downtown to buy the TV?
选项：
A: No, because you will only save 10%, which is less than 15%.
B: No, because you will save more than $20.
C: Yes, because you will save more than $20.
D: Yes, because you will save 10%, which is better than nothing.
答案: 【 Yes, because you will save more than $20.】
105、单选题：
The table below shows the relationship between the number of times you get your car washed each month and your total monthly benefit from car washes. Each car wash costs $15.
What's the average benefit of 4 car washes per month?
选项：
A: $8
B: $12
C: $4
D: $14
答案: 【 $14】
106、单选题：
The table below shows the relationship between the number of times you get your car washed each month and your total monthly benefit from car washes. Each car wash costs $15.
What is the marginal cost of the 5th car wash each month?
选项：
A: $14
B: $12
C: $4
D: $15
答案: 【 $15】
107、单选题：
The table below shows the relationship between the number of times you get your car washed each month and your total monthly benefit from car washes. Each car wash costs $15.
What is the marginal benefit of the 3rd car wash each month?
选项：
A: $4
B: $12
C: $48
D: $16
答案: 【 $12】
108、单选题：
The table below shows the relationship between the number of times you get your car washed each month and your total monthly benefit from car washes. Each car wash costs $15.
How many times a month should you get your car washed?
选项：
A: 1
B: 3
C: 2
D: 4
答案: 【 2】
109、单选题：
Frank owns an apple farm and plans to spend 4 hours today picking apples. The number of apples he can pick per hour depends on the total number of hours he spends working in either the east orchard or the west orchard in the manner shown in the table below.
If Frank spends 2 hours picking apples in the east orchard and 2 hours picking apples in the west orchard, how many apples in total will Frank be able to pick today?
选项：
A: 84
B: 42
C: 21
D: 92
答案: 【 84】
110、单选题：
Frank owns an apple farm and plans to spend 4 hours today picking apples. The number of apples he can pick per hour depends on the total number of hours he spends working in either the east orchard or the west orchard in the manner shown in the table below.
What is the opportunity cost to Frank of spending an additional hour picking apples in the East orchard?
选项：
A: 40 apples
B: 10 apples
C: 30 apples
D: 20 apples
答案: 【 10 apples】
111、单选题：
Frank owns an apple farm and plans to spend 4 hours today picking apples. The number of apples he can pick per hour depends on the total number of hours he spends working in either the east orchard or the west orchard in the manner shown in the table below.
What is the marginal benefit to Frank of the 2nd hour he spends picking in the east orchard?
选项：
A: 8 apples
B: 24 apples
C: 64 apples
D: 32 apples
答案: 【 24 apples】
112、单选题：
Frank owns an apple farm and plans to spend 4 hours today picking apples. The number of apples he can pick per hour depends on the total number of hours he spends working in either the east orchard or the west orchard in the manner shown in the table below.
How should Frank divide his time between the east and the west orchard?
选项：
A: He should spend 1 hour in the east orchard and 3 hours in the west orchard.
B: He should spend 2 hours in east orchard and 2 hours in the west orchard.
C: He should spend 3 hours in the east orchard and 1 hour in the west orchard.
D: He should spend all 4 hours in the east orchard.
答案: 【 He should spend 3 hours in the east orchard and 1 hour in the west orchard.】
113、单选题：
Positive economic principles are those that:
选项：
A: indicate how people should behave.
B: are always correct.
C: are influenced by political ideology.
D: predict how people will behave.
答案: 【 predict how people will behave.】
114、单选题：
One thing that distinguishes normative economic principles from positive economic principles is that:
选项：
A: normative principles are pessimistic and positive principles are optimistic.
B: normative principles reflect social norms, and positive principles reflect universal truths.
C: normative principles tell us how people will behave, and positive principles tell us how people should behave.
D: normative principles tell us how people should behave, and positive principles tell us how people will behave.
答案: 【 normative principles tell us how people should behave, and positive principles tell us how people will behave.】
115、单选题：
Normative economic principles are concerned with how people ________ make decisions while positive economic principles are concerned with how people ________ make decisions.
选项：
A: in power; in ordinary life
B: do; should
C: should; do
D: in ordinary life; in power
答案: 【 should; do】
116、单选题：
An editorial in the paper argues that a person only should be allowed to attend school if the marginal cost of educating that person is less than the marginal benefit of educating that person. The writer's reasoning is an application of:
选项：
A: normative economics.
B: positive economics.
C: negative economics.
D: economic naturalism.
答案: 【 normative economics.】
117、单选题：
The Incentive Principle states that a person:
选项：
A: is more likely to take an action if its cost increases.
B: should take an action if its benefit increases.
C: should take an action if its cost increases.
D: is more likely to take an action if its benefit increases.
答案: 【 is more likely to take an action if its benefit increases.】
118、单选题：
The Incentive Principle is an example of:
选项：
A: over-estimating the benefits of an action.
B: an economic decision-making pitfall.
C: a normative economic principle.
D: a positive economic principle.
答案: 【 a positive economic principle.】
119、单选题：
According to the Incentive Principle, people will be less likely to smoke if the government:
选项：
A: increases taxes on smoking-cessation devices such as nicotine patches.
B: subsidizes hospitals treating lung disease.
C: increases taxes on cigarettes, effectively raising the price.
D: invests more money in cancer research.
答案: 【 increases taxes on cigarettes, effectively raising the price.】
120、单选题：
According to the Incentive Principle:
选项：
A: people tend to do more of something when its benefits are greater.
B: benefits are more important than costs in making a decision.
C: it is irrational to perform volunteer services.
D: people will always take the highest-paying job they are offered.
答案: 【 people tend to do more of something when its benefits are greater.】
121、单选题：
Microeconomics differs from macroeconomics in that microeconomics focuses on:
选项：
A: the choices made by individuals the implications of those choices.
B: the performance of the entire economy.
C: government policies designed improve the performance of the national economy.
D: issues such as inflation, unemployment and economic growth.
答案: 【 the choices made by individuals the implications of those choices.】
122、单选题：
Macroeconomics differs from microeconomics in that macroeconomics focuses on:
选项：
A: prices in specific markets.
B: production in specific markets.
C: individual choices and group behavior in individual markets.
D: the performance of national economies and ways to improve that performance.
答案: 【 the performance of national economies and ways to improve that performance.】
123、单选题：
The study of individual choice and its implications for the behavior of prices and quantities in individual markets is:
选项：
A: microeconomics.
B: macroeconomics.
C: the Scarcity Principle.
D: a normative economic principle.
答案: 【 microeconomics.】
124、单选题：
Which branch of economics is most likely to study differences in countries' growth rates?
选项：
A: microeconomics
B: macroeconomics
C: experimental economics
D: normative economics
答案: 【 macroeconomics】
125、单选题：
Which of the following would not be studied in microeconomics?
选项：
A: Whether to study or watch TV tonight.
B: How individual firms decide how much to produce.
C: How an early freeze in California will affect the price of fruit.
D: Whether the federal budget should be balanced.
答案: 【 Whether the federal budget should be balanced.】
126、单选题：
Which of the following would not be studied in macroeconomics?
选项：
A: The growth rate of the U.S. economy.
B: How a sharp increase in gasoline prices is likely to affect SUV sales.
C: The impact of government spending on the economy.
D: The causes of the Great Depression.
答案: 【 How a sharp increase in gasoline prices is likely to affect SUV sales.】
127、单选题：
By convention, there are two major divisions of economics, called:
选项：
A: reservation price and opportunity cost.
B: rational economics and irrational economics.
C: microeconomics and macroeconomics.
D: marginal benefit and marginal cost.
答案: 【 microeconomics and macroeconomics.】
128、单选题：
A study that deals with the salaries of university professors would be considered:
选项：
A: macroeconomics
B: economic naturalism
C: real economics
D: microeconomics
答案: 【 microeconomics】
129、单选题：
In deciding how many guitars to buy for his shop before the Christmas season, Mark is making a(n decision.
选项：
A: irrational
B: microeconomic
C: normative
D: macroeconomic
答案: 【 microeconomic】
130、单选题：
A study of the impact of various government policies on economic growth would be considered:
选项：
A: government economics.
B: marginal economics.
C: macroeconomics.
D: microeconomics.
答案: 【 macroeconomics.】
131、单选题：
The field of economics that would be most concerned with a recent fall in interest rates is:
选项：
A: macroeconomics.
B: microeconomics.
C: economic naturalism.
D: marginal economics.
答案: 【 macroeconomics.】
132、单选题：
An economic naturalist is someone who:
选项：
A: has an innate talent for using economic concepts.
B: applies economic insights to understand everyday life.
C: studies the process of natural selection in a cost-benefit framework.
D: uses economic arguments to protect the environment.
答案: 【 applies economic insights to understand everyday life.】
133、单选题：
With ATMs, it is possible to retrieve cash from the bank at any time. One hundred years ago, one could only get cash from the bank during business hours, say, 9 am to 3 pm. The present availability of 24-hour service has arisen because:
选项：
A: government forced banks to become more convenient.
B: it was impossible to provide 24-hour service 100 years ago.
C: the cost of providing 24-hour service is much lower today.
D: flexibility was not valued 100 years ago.
答案: 【 the cost of providing 24-hour service is much lower today.】
134、单选题：
The number of U.S. households with access to the Internet is growing rapidly. Compared to 50 years ago, one would predict that when considering a major purchase, people today will gather:
选项：
A: more information because the Internet has increased the cost of gathering information.
B: less information because the Internet has increased the benefit of gathering information.
C: more information because the Internet has lowered the cost of gathering information.
D: less information because the Internet has lowered the cost of gathering information.
答案: 【 more information because the Internet has lowered the cost of gathering information.】
135、单选题：
Every time you go to the grocery store, you try to wait in the shortest line. But the lines always seem to be roughly the same length. Why?
选项：
A: The cashiers work at the same speed.
B: The cashiers do not have an incentive to work faster.
C: Random chance equalizes the length of the lines.
D: Other people are trying to choose the shortest line too.
答案: 【 Other people are trying to choose the shortest line too.】
136、单选题：
Suppose there are two parallel highways between two cities with approximately equal traffic. What would you expect to happen if the state began charging tolls to drive on one of those highways?
选项：
A: Traffic would decrease on both roads.
B: More drivers would drive on the toll road making the non-toll road less congested.
C: Traffic would remain evenly divided between the two roads as drivers continuously sought the less-congested route.
D: More drivers would drive on the non-toll road, making the toll road less congested.
答案: 【 More drivers would drive on the non-toll road, making the toll road less congested.】
137、单选题：
During times of high unemployment, colleges often observe an increase in enrollment even if tuition remains unchanged. Why?
选项：
A: The benefit of attending college is lower because college graduates are less likely to find jobs.
B: The opportunity cost of attending college is higher when unemployment is high.
C: The opportunity cost of attending college is lower when unemployment is high.
D: Students go to college even when the net benefit is negative.
答案: 【 The opportunity cost of attending college is lower when unemployment is high.】
138、单选题：
The last time gas prices increased drastically, sales of large Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs) fell. Why?
选项：
A: Higher gas prices increased the benefit of driving an SUV.
B: Higher gas prices increased the cost of driving a SUV.
C: Higher gas prices lowered the benefit of driving an SUV.
D: Higher gas prices lowered the cost of driving a SUV.
答案: 【 Higher gas prices increased the cost of driving a SUV.】
139、单选题：
Due to the fact that Curly used his frequent flyer miles to fly to visit Moe, Curly told Moe that it didn't cost him anything to visit. Is Curly correct?
选项：
A: No, because Curly had to pay for earlier trips in order to earn the frequent flyer miles.
B: No, because Curly could have used his frequent flyer miles to go somewhere else instead.
C: Yes, because Curly could stay at Moe's house for free.
D: Yes, because Curly's frequent flyer miles made the trip free.
答案: 【 No, because Curly could have used his frequent flyer miles to go somewhere else instead.】
140、单选题：
Pat can either drive to work, which takes half an hour and uses $1.50 worth of gas, or take the bus, which takes an hour and costs $1.00. How should Pat get to work?
选项：
A: Pat should drive because it saves half an hour relative to taking the bus.
B: Pat should drive if saving half an hour is worth $0.50 or more.
C: Pat should take the bus if saving half an hour is worth $0.50 or more.
D: Pat should take the bus because it costs $0.50 less than driving.
答案: 【 Pat should drive if saving half an hour is worth $0.50 or more.】
141、单选题：
You have two options for how to spend the afternoon. You can either go see a movie with your roommate or work as a tutor for the Math Department. From experience, you know that going to see a movie gives you $20 worth of enjoyment, and with your student discount, a movie ticket only costs $12. If you spend the afternoon working as a math tutor, you will get paid $45. On a typical day, you wouldn't be willing to spend the afternoon working as a math tutor for less than $35. What is your opportunity cost of seeing a movie this afternoon?
选项：
A: $57
B: $12
C: $8
D: $22
答案: 【 $12】
142、单选题：
You have two options for how to spend the afternoon. You can either go see a movie with your roommate or work as a tutor for the Math Department. From experience, you know that going to see a movie gives you $20 worth of enjoyment, and with your student discount, a movie ticket only costs $12. If you spend the afternoon working as a math tutor, you will get paid $45. On a typical day, you wouldn't be willing to spend the afternoon working as a math tutor for less than $35. What is your economic surplus from working as a math tutor instead of going to the movies?
选项：
A: $8
B: $57
C: $2
D: $22
答案: 【 $2】
143、单选题：
You have two options for how to spend the afternoon. You can either go see a movie with your roommate or work as a tutor for the Math Department. From experience, you know that going to see a movie gives you $20 worth of enjoyment, and with your student discount, a movie ticket only costs $12. If you spend the afternoon working as a math tutor, you will get paid $45. On a typical day, you wouldn't be willing to spend the afternoon working as a math tutor for less than $35. Should you go see a movie or work as a math tutor?
选项：
A: You should go to the movies.
B: You should work as a math tutor.
C: You should do neither.
D: Both options are equally good.
答案: 【 You should work as a math tutor.】
课后测验1-3
1、单选题：
Economics is best defined as the study of:
选项：
A: how people make choices in the face of scarcity and the implications of those choices for society as a whole.
B: inflation, interest rates and the stock market.
C: supply and demand.
D: the financial concerns of businesses and individuals.
答案: 【 how people make choices in the face of scarcity and the implications of those choices for society as a whole.】
2、单选题：
The Scarcity Principle applies to:
选项：
A: consumers primarily.
B: firms primarily.
C: poor people primarily.
D: everyone.
答案: 【 everyone.】
3、单选题：
Whether studying the output of the U.S. economy or how many classes a student will take, an unifying concept is that:
选项：
A: wants are unlimited and resources are scarce, so trade-offs have to be made.
B: both wants and resources are unlimited.
C: wants are limited and resources are unlimited, so trade-offs have to be made.
D: wants are limited and resources are unlimited, so trade-offs are unnecessary.
答案: 【 wants are unlimited and resources are scarce, so trade-offs have to be made.】
4、单选题：
The Scarcity Principle tells us ________, and the Cost-Benefit Principle tells us ________.
选项：
A: how to make good choices; that choices involve costs and benefits
B: that good choices eliminate scarcity; how to make good choices
C: how to make choices; that choices must be made
D: that choices must be made; how to make good choices
答案: 【 that choices must be made; how to make good choices】
5、单选题：
Suppose that the extra cost to Tim of a third glass of soda is zero because he's at a restaurant that gives free refills. According to the Cost-Benefit Principle Tim should:
选项：
A: not drink a third glass of soda.
B: drink a third glass of soda if his total benefit from drinking soda is positive.
C: drink a third glass of soda.
D: drink a third glass of soda if the extra benefit of doing so is positive.
答案: 【 drink a third glass of soda if the extra benefit of doing so is positive.】
6、单选题：
Jen spends her afternoon at the beach, paying $1 to rent a beach umbrella and $11 for food and drinks rather than spending an equal amount of money to go to a movie. Her opportunity cost of going to the beach is:
选项：
A: the $12 she spent on the umbrella, food and drinks.
B: only $0 because she would have spent $12 to go to the movie.
C: the value she places on seeing the movie plus the $12 she spent on the umbrella, food and drinks.
D: the value she places on seeing the movie.
答案: 【 the value she places on seeing the movie.】
7、单选题：
Suppose Mary is willing to pay up to $15,000 for an used Ford pick-up truck. If she buys one for $12,000, her ________ would be ________.
选项：
A: benefit; $12,000
B: economic surplus; $12,000
C: cost; $15,000
D: economic surplus; $3,000
答案: 【 economic surplus; $3,000】
8、单选题：
Economists believe the Cost-Benefit Principle is:
选项：
A: a simple but useful model of how people should make choices.
B: of little use to those who wish to learn how to make better decisions.
C: a comprehensive description all the factors that influence people's choices.
D: an interesting intellectual exercise with little applicability to the real world.
答案: 【 a simple but useful model of how people should make choices.】
9、单选题：
Economists use abstract models because:
选项：
A: they are useful for describing general patterns of behavior.
B: computers have allowed economists to develop abstract models.
C: every economic situation is essentially the same, so specific details are unnecessary.
D: every economic situation is unique, so it is impossible to make generalizations.
答案: 【 they are useful for describing general patterns of behavior.】
10、单选题：
If one fails to account for implicit costs in decision making, then applying the cost-benefit rule will be flawed because:
选项：
A: the costs will be understated.
B: the benefits will be overstated.
C: the benefits will be understated.
D: the costs will be overstated.
答案: 【 the costs will be understated.】
11、单选题：
You paid $35 for a ticket (which is non-refundable) to see SPAM, a local rock band, in concert on Saturday. Assume that $35 is the most you would have been willing to pay for a ticket. Your boss called, and she is looking for someone to cover a shift on Saturday at the same time as the concert. You would have to work 4 hours and she would pay you $11/hr. The psychic cost to you of working is $2/hr. What is the opportunity cost of going to the concert?
选项：
A: $9
B: $35
C: $36
D: $1
答案: 【 $36】
12、单选题：
You paid $35 for a ticket (which is non-refundable) to see SPAM, a local rock band, in concert on Saturday. Assume that $35 is the most you would have been willing to pay for a ticket. Your boss called, and she is looking for someone to cover a shift on Saturday at the same time as the concert. You would have to work 4 hours and she would pay you $11/hr. The psychic cost to you of working is $2/hr. Your economic surplus from going to work instead of seeing SPAM on Saturday is:
选项：
A: $1
B: $36
C: $0
D: $35
答案: 【 $1】
13、单选题：
Matt has decided to purchase his textbooks for the semester. His options are to purchase the books online with next day delivery at a cost of $175, or to drive to campus tomorrow to buy the books at the university bookstore at a cost of $170. Last week he drove to campus to buy a concert ticket because they offered 25 percent off the regular price of $16. Given that driving to campus to buy the concert ticket was rational for Matt, Matt should:
选项：
A: drive to campus to buy the books because the books are cheaper at the bookstore than online.
B: not drive to campus to buy the books because the cost of gas and his time must certainly be more than the $5 he would save.
C: drive to campus to buy the books because the $5 he would save is more than he saved by driving to campus to buy the concert ticket.
D: not drive to campus to buy the books because the $5 he would save is only two percent of the cost of the books, and that is much less than the 25 percent he saved on the concert ticket.
答案: 【 drive to campus to buy the books because the $5 he would save is more than he saved by driving to campus to buy the concert ticket.】
14、单选题：
Suppose the total benefit of watching 1 baseball game is 100, the total benefit of watching 2 games is 120, and the total benefit of watching 3 games is 125. In this case, the marginal benefit of watching the 3rd game is:
选项：
A: 125
B: 41.67
C: 375
D: 5
答案: 【 5】
15、单选题：
Your scholarship depends on your maintaining a 3.5 cumulative GPA. Your GPA for last semester was 3.6, which brought your cumulative GPA down. What must be true?
选项：
A: Last semester's grades were higher than your overall GPA.
B: If this semester's grades are the same as last semester's, you might lose your scholarship.
C: If this semester's grades are the same as last semester's, your overall GPA will stay the same.
D: Last semester's grades were lower than your overall GPA.
答案: 【 Last semester's grades were lower than your overall GPA.】
16、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The average cost of 5 units of activity is:
选项：
A: $6
B: $8
C: $4
D: $10
答案: 【 $6】
17、单选题：
Tony notes that an electronics store is offering a flat $20 off all prices in the store. Tony reasons that if he wants to buy something with a price of $50, then it is a good offer, but if he wants to buy something with a price of $500, then it is not a good offer. This is an example of:
选项：
A: the proper application of the Cost-Benefit Principle.
B: inconsistent reasoning; saving $20 is saving $20.
C: rational choice because saving 40% is better than saving 4%.
D: inconsistent reasoning because prices are sunk costs.
答案: 【 inconsistent reasoning; saving $20 is saving $20.】
18、单选题：
The following table shows the relationship between the speed of a computer's CPU and its benefits and costs. Assume that all other features of the computer are the same (that is, CPU speed is the only source of variation), and only the CPU speeds listed below are available for purchase.
The total cost of a 2.5GHz computer is:
选项：
A: $100.
B: $1,000.
C: $900.
D: $200.
答案: 【 $1,000.】
19、单选题：
The following table shows the relationship between the speed of a computer's CPU and its benefits and costs. Assume that all other features of the computer are the same (that is, CPU speed is the only source of variation), and only the CPU speeds listed below are available for purchase.
The marginal cost of upgrading from a 2.5GHz to 3.0GHz computer is:
选项：
A: $300.
B: $200.
C: $100.
D: $400.
答案: 【 $200.】
20、单选题：
You won a free ticket to see the latest Star Trek movie this Friday night (which you can costlessly resell for its face value of $15). Your favorite band is also performing on Friday and is your only alternative activity. Friday is your last chance to see either the movie or the band. Tickets to see your favorite band cost $30, and on any given day, you would be willing to pay as much as $50 for a ticket. Based on this information, what is your opportunity cost of going to see the Star Trek movie on Friday?
选项：
A: $30
B: $35
C: $50
D: $0
答案: 【 $35】
21、单选题：
The table below shows the relationship between the number of times you get your car washed each month and your total monthly benefit from car washes. Each car wash costs $15.
What is the marginal cost of the 5th car wash each month?
选项：
A: $14
B: $12
C: $4
D: $15
答案: 【 $15】
22、单选题：
A study that deals with the salaries of university professors would be considered:
选项：
A: macroeconomics
B: economic naturalism
C: real economics
D: microeconomics
答案: 【 microeconomics】
23、单选题：
The field of economics that would be most concerned with a recent fall in interest rates is:
选项：
A: macroeconomics.
B: microeconomics.
C: economic naturalism.
D: marginal economics.
答案: 【 macroeconomics.】
24、单选题：
Pat can either drive to work, which takes half an hour and uses $1.50 worth of gas, or take the bus, which takes an hour and costs $1.00. How should Pat get to work?
选项：
A: Pat should drive because it saves half an hour relative to taking the bus.
B: Pat should drive if saving half an hour is worth $0.50 or more.
C: Pat should take the bus if saving half an hour is worth $0.50 or more.
D: Pat should take the bus because it costs $0.50 less than driving.
答案: 【 Pat should drive if saving half an hour is worth $0.50 or more.】
25、单选题：
You have two options for how to spend the afternoon. You can either go see a movie with your roommate or work as a tutor for the Math Department. From experience, you know that going to see a movie gives you $20 worth of enjoyment, and with your student discount, a movie ticket only costs $12. If you spend the afternoon working as a math tutor, you will get paid $45. On a typical day, you wouldn't be willing to spend the afternoon working as a math tutor for less than $35. Should you go see a movie or work as a math tutor?
选项：
A: You should go to the movies.
B: You should work as a math tutor.
C: You should do neither.
D: Both options are equally good.
答案: 【 You should work as a math tutor.】
26、单选题：
If all the world's resources were to magically increase one hundredfold, then:
选项：
A: people would still have to make trade-offs.
B: trade-offs would become unnecessary.
C: economics would no longer be relevant.
D: scarcity would disappear.
答案: 【 people would still have to make trade-offs.】
27、单选题：
Larry was accepted at three different graduate schools, and must choose one. Elite U costs $50,000 per year and did not offer Larry any financial aid. Larry values attending Elite U at $60,000 per year. State College costs $30,000 per year, and offered Larry an annual $10,000 scholarship. Larry values attending State College at $40,000 per year. NoName U costs $20,000 per year, and offered Larry a full $20,000 annual scholarship. Larry values attending NoName at $15,000 per year. What is Larry's economic surplus from attending State College instead of his next best alternative?
选项：
A: $10,000
B: $40,000
C: $20,000
D: $5,000
答案: 【 $5,000】
28、单选题：
The opportunity cost of an activity includes the value of:
选项：
A: the least-best alternative that must be foregone.
B: the chosen activity minus the value of the next-best alternative.
C: all of the alternatives that must be forgone.
D: the next-best alternative that must be foregone.
答案: 【 the next-best alternative that must be foregone.】
29、单选题：
Amy is thinking about going to the movies tonight. A movie ticket costs $15, and she'll have to cancel a $20 dog-sitting job that she would have been willing to do for free. The opportunity to Amy cost of going to the movies is:
选项：
A: $35.
B: $5.
C: $20.
D: $15.
答案: 【 $35.】
30、单选题：
If individuals are rational, they should choose actions that yield the:
选项：
A: smallest economic surplus.
B: smallest total costs.
C: largest total benefits.
D: largest economic surplus.
答案: 【 largest economic surplus.】
31、单选题：
Dividing the total cost of n units of an activity by n reveals the:
选项：
A: units per cost.
B: average cost.
C: average benefit.
D: marginal cost.
答案: 【 average cost.】
32、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The average benefit of 2 units of activity is:
选项：
A: $20
B: $40
C: $60
D: $80
答案: 【 $80】
33、单选题：
The table below shows how total donations, average donations, total labor costs and average labor costs vary depending on the number of employees State U hires for its fundraising activities.
The marginal cost of the 4th employee is:
选项：
A: $11,000.
B: $10,750.
C: $13,000.
D: $9,500.
答案: 【 $11,000.】
34、单选题：
A firm pays Pam $40 per hour to assemble personal computers. Each day, Pam can assemble 4 computers if she works 1 hour, 7 computers if she works 2 hours, 9 computers if she works 3 hours, and 10 computers if she works 4 hours. Pam cannot work more than 4 hours day. Each computer consists of a motherboard, a hard drive, a case, a monitor, a keyboard, and a mouse. The total cost of these parts is $600 per computer. If the firm sells each computer for $625, then how many hours a day should the firm employ Pam to maximize its net benefit from her employment?
选项：
A: 1 hour
B: 4 hours
C: 3 hours
D: 2 hours
答案: 【 3 hours】
35、单选题：
The following table shows the relationship between the speed of a computer's CPU and its benefits and costs. Assume that all other features of the computer are the same (that is, CPU speed is the only source of variation), and only the CPU speeds listed below are available for purchase.
Choosing a 3.5GHz computer would be irrational because:
选项：
A: its marginal benefit is equal to its marginal cost.
B: its marginal benefit is greater than its marginal cost.
C: its marginal benefit is less than its marginal cost.
D: it is impossible to tell the difference compared to a 3.0GHz computer.
答案: 【 its marginal benefit is less than its marginal cost.】
36、单选题：
The Scarcity Principle states that:
选项：
A: society will eventually run out of resources.
B: with limited resources, having more of one thing means having less of another.
C: some countries have fewer resources than others.
D: people don't have enough money to buy what they want.
答案: 【 with limited resources, having more of one thing means having less of another.】
37、单选题：
Jody has purchased a non-refundable $75 ticket to attend a Miley Cyrus concert on Friday night. Subsequently, she is asked to go to out dinner at no expense to her. If she uses cost-benefit analysis to choose between going to the concert and going out to dinner, the opportunity cost of going out to dinner should include:
选项：
A: only the cost of concert ticket.
B: neither the cost of the ticket nor the entertainment value of the concert.
C: only the entertainment value of the concert.
D: the cost of the ticket plus the entertainment value of the concert.
答案: 【 only the entertainment value of the concert.】
38、单选题：
An implication of scarcity is that:
选项：
A: people must make trade-offs.
B: people will never be happy.
C: some people will always be poor.
D: making trade-offs becomes unnecessary as wealth increases.
答案: 【 people must make trade-offs.】
39、单选题：
You want to buy a TV that regularly costs $250. You can either buy the TV from a nearby store or from a store that's downtown. Relative to going to the nearby store, driving downtown involves additional time and gas. The downtown store, however, has a 10% off sale this week. Last week you drove downtown to save $20 on some concert tickets, a 15% savings. Should you drive downtown to buy the TV?
选项：
A: No, because you will only save 10%, which is less than 15%.
B: No, because you will save more than $20.
C: Yes, because you will save more than $20.
D: Yes, because you will save 10%, which is better than nothing.
答案: 【 Yes, because you will save more than $20.】
40、单选题：
According to the Cost-Benefit Principle, you should go see the latest Star Wars movie with your friends this week-end if:
选项：
A: you can afford to go to the movies.
B: the extra benefits of seeing the movie are greater than the extra costs of seeing the movie.
C: you really like Star Wars.
D: the average benefit you get from going to the movies is greater than the average cost of a ticket.
答案: 【 the extra benefits of seeing the movie are greater than the extra costs of seeing the movie.】
41、单选题：
The table below shows the relationship between the number of times you get your car washed each month and your total monthly benefit from car washes. Each car wash costs $15.
What's the average benefit of 4 car washes per month?
选项：
A: $8
B: $12
C: $4
D: $14
答案: 【 $14】
42、单选题：
Janie must choose to either mow the lawn or wash clothes. If she mows the lawn, she will earn $30, and if she washes clothes, she will earn $45. She dislikes both tasks equally and they both take the same amount of time. Janie will therefore choose to ________ because it generates a ________ economic surplus.
选项：
A: mow the lawn; bigger
B: mow the law; smaller
C: wash clothes; smaller
D: wash clothes; bigger
答案: 【 wash clothes; bigger】
43、单选题：
Frank owns an apple farm and plans to spend 4 hours today picking apples. The number of apples he can pick per hour depends on the total number of hours he spends working in either the east orchard or the west orchard in the manner shown in the table below.
What is the opportunity cost to Frank of spending an additional hour picking apples in the East orchard?
选项：
A: 40 apples
B: 10 apples
C: 30 apples
D: 20 apples
答案: 【 10 apples】
44、单选题：
Dean should play golf instead of preparing for tomorrow's exam in economics if:
选项：
A: he is irrational.
B: the economic surplus from playing golf is greater than the economic surplus from studying.
C: Dean can play golf for free.
D: the benefit of golfing is greater than the benefit of studying.
答案: 【 the economic surplus from playing golf is greater than the economic surplus from studying.】
45、单选题：
According to the Incentive Principle:
选项：
A: people tend to do more of something when its benefits are greater.
B: benefits are more important than costs in making a decision.
C: it is irrational to perform volunteer services.
D: people will always take the highest-paying job they are offered.
答案: 【 people tend to do more of something when its benefits are greater.】
46、单选题：
Larry was accepted at three different graduate schools, and must choose one. Elite U costs $50,000 per year and did not offer Larry any financial aid. Larry values attending Elite U at $60,000 per year. State College costs $30,000 per year, and offered Larry an annual $10,000 scholarship. Larry values attending State College at $40,000 per year. NoName U costs $20,000 per year, and offered Larry a full $20,000 annual scholarship. Larry values attending NoName at $15,000 per year. Larry maximizes his economic surplus by attending:
选项：
A: State College.
B: NoName U because the annual cost is only $20,000.
C: NoName U because he has a full scholarship there.
D: Elite U.
答案: 【 State College.】
47、单选题：
Microeconomics differs from macroeconomics in that microeconomics focuses on:
选项：
A: the choices made by individuals the implications of those choices.
B: the performance of the entire economy.
C: government policies designed improve the performance of the national economy.
D: issues such as inflation, unemployment and economic growth.
答案: 【 the choices made by individuals the implications of those choices.】
48、单选题：
All else equal, relative to a person who earns minimum wage, a person who earns $30 per hour has:
选项：
A: the same opportunity cost of spending time on leisure activities.
B: a higher opportunity cost of working an additional hour.
C: a lower opportunity cost of driving farther to work.
D: a higher opportunity cost of taking the day off work.
答案: 【 a higher opportunity cost of taking the day off work.】
49、单选题：
The study of individual choice and its implications for the behavior of prices and quantities in individual markets is:
选项：
A: microeconomics.
B: macroeconomics.
C: the Scarcity Principle.
D: a normative economic principle.
答案: 【 microeconomics.】
50、单选题：
The economic surplus of an action is:
选项：
A: the benefit gained by taking an action.
B: the difference between the benefit and the cost of taking an action.
C: the difference the explicit and implicit costs of taking an action.
D: the money a person has left over after taking an action.
答案: 【 the difference between the benefit and the cost of taking an action.】
51、单选题：
An economic naturalist is someone who:
选项：
A: has an innate talent for using economic concepts.
B: applies economic insights to understand everyday life.
C: studies the process of natural selection in a cost-benefit framework.
D: uses economic arguments to protect the environment.
答案: 【 applies economic insights to understand everyday life.】
52、单选题：
Your classmates from the University of Chicago are planning to go to Miami for spring break, and you are undecided about whether you should go with them. The round-trip airfares are $600, but you have a frequent-flyer coupon worth $500 that you could use to pay part of the airfare. All other costs for the vacation are exactly $900. The most you would be willing to pay for the trip is $1400. Your only alternative use for your frequent-flyer coupon is for your trip to Atlanta two weeks after the break to attend your sister's graduation, which your parents are forcing you to attend. The Chicago-Atlanta round-trip airfares are $450. If the Chicago-Atlanta round-trip air fare were $350, should you use the coupon to go to Miami?
选项：
A: No, your economic surplus would be -$100.
B: No, your economic surplus would be -$50.
C: Yes, your economic surplus would be $50.
D: Yes, your economic surplus would be $400.
答案: 【 Yes, your economic surplus would be $50.】
53、单选题：
You have two options for how to spend the afternoon. You can either go see a movie with your roommate or work as a tutor for the Math Department. From experience, you know that going to see a movie gives you $20 worth of enjoyment, and with your student discount, a movie ticket only costs $12. If you spend the afternoon working as a math tutor, you will get paid $45. On a typical day, you wouldn't be willing to spend the afternoon working as a math tutor for less than $35. What is your economic surplus from working as a math tutor instead of going to the movies?
选项：
A: $8
B: $57
C: $2
D: $22
答案: 【 $2】
54、单选题：
You paid $35 for a ticket (which is non-refundable) to see SPAM, a local rock band, in concert on Saturday. Assume that $35 is the most you would have been willing to pay for a ticket. Your boss called, and she is looking for someone to cover a shift on Saturday at the same time as the concert. You would have to work 4 hours and she would pay you $11/hr. The psychic cost to you of working is $2/hr. What is your opportunity cost of going to work on Saturday?
选项：
A: $36
B: $0
C: $35
D: $9
答案: 【 $35】
55、单选题：
Matt has decided to purchase his textbooks for the semester. His options are to purchase the books online with next day delivery at a cost of $175, or to drive to campus tomorrow to buy the books at the university bookstore at a cost of $170. Last week he drove to campus to buy a concert ticket because they offered 25 percent off the regular price of $16. The benefit to Matt of buying his books at the university bookstore instead of online is:
选项：
A: $170
B: $5
C: $9
D: $175
答案: 【 $5】
56、单选题：
Matt has decided to purchase his textbooks for the semester. His options are to purchase the books online with next day delivery at a cost of $175, or to drive to campus tomorrow to buy the books at the university bookstore at a cost of $170. Last week he drove to campus to buy a concert ticket because they offered 25 percent off the regular price of $16. Assume the minimum that Matt would be willing to accept to drive to campus is equal to the $4 he saved on the concert ticket. What would his economic surplus be if he bought his textbooks at the university bookstore rather than online?
选项：
A: $1
B: $20
C: $5
D: $50
答案: 【 $1】
57、单选题：
Suppose the marginal cost of the 1st hour of talking on the phone is $50, the marginal cost of the 2nd hour is $75, and the marginal cost of the 3rd hour is $105. In this case, the total cost of talking on the phone for 3 hours is:
选项：
A: $315
B: $150
C: $230
D: $105
答案: 【 $230】
58、单选题：
The extra benefit that results from carrying out one additional unit of an activity is the ________ of the activity.
选项：
A: average benefit
B: marginal benefit
C: economic benefit
D: total benefit
答案: 【 marginal benefit】
59、单选题：
The average benefit of n units of an activity is the:
选项：
A: total benefit of n units divided by n.
B: n times the total benefit of n units.
C: extra benefit from carrying out one additional unit of the activity.
D: n divided by the total benefit of n units.
答案: 【 total benefit of n units divided by n.】
60、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The average cost of 4 units of this activity is:
选项：
A: $40
B: $25
C: $30
D: $20
答案: 【 $25】
61、单选题：
Forest lives in complete isolation in Montana. He is self-sufficient and feeds himself through hunting, fishing, and farming. Which of the following statements about Forest is true?
选项：
A: Forest is not required to make trade-offs because he is self-sufficient.
B: Forest has unlimited resources.
C: Forest doesn't have to consider costs and benefits.
D: Forest has to make trade-offs.
答案: 【 Forest has to make trade-offs.】
62、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The marginal cost of the 3rd unit of this activity is:
选项：
A: $10
B: $30
C: $20
D: $25
答案: 【 $20】
63、单选题：
Josh wants to go to the football game this weekend, but he has a paper due on Monday. It will take him the whole weekend to write the paper. Josh decides to stay home and work on the paper. According to the Scarcity Principle, the reason Josh doesn't go to the game is that:
选项：
A: Josh can't go the game and finish the paper.
B: Josh prefers schoolwork to football games.
C: going to the game won't be fun.
D: writing the paper is easier than going to the game.
答案: 【 Josh can't go the game and finish the paper.】
64、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The marginal cost of the 4th unit of activity is:
选项：
A: $10
B: $5
C: $8
D: $6
答案: 【 $8】
65、单选题：
The Cost-Benefit Principle indicates that an action should be taken if:
选项：
A: its average benefits exceed its average costs.
B: its extra benefit is greater than or equal to its extra cost.
C: its total benefits exceed its total costs.
D: its net benefit (benefit minus cost) is zero.
答案: 【 its extra benefit is greater than or equal to its extra cost.】
66、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The marginal benefit of the 6th unit of activity is:
选项：
A: $4
B: $7
C: $1
D: $2
答案: 【 $2】
67、单选题：
If a person takes an action if, and only if, the extra benefits from taking that action exceed the extra costs, then that person is:
选项：
A: not rational.
B: following the Cost-Benefit Principle.
C: following the Scarcity Principle.
D: not following the Cost-Benefit Principle.
答案: 【 following the Cost-Benefit Principle.】
68、单选题：
The table below shows the relationship between the number of times you get your car washed each month and your total monthly benefit from car washes. Each car wash costs $15.
How many times a month should you get your car washed?
选项：
A: 1
B: 3
C: 2
D: 4
答案: 【 2】
69、单选题：
Suppose the most you would be willing to pay for a plane ticket home is $250. If you buy one for $175, then your economic surplus is:
选项：
A: $175.
B: $0.
C: $75.
D: $250.
答案: 【 $75.】
70、单选题：
Frank owns an apple farm and plans to spend 4 hours today picking apples. The number of apples he can pick per hour depends on the total number of hours he spends working in either the east orchard or the west orchard in the manner shown in the table below.
What is the marginal benefit to Frank of the 2nd hour he spends picking in the east orchard?
选项：
A: 8 apples
B: 24 apples
C: 64 apples
D: 32 apples
答案: 【 24 apples】
71、单选题：
The Cost-Benefit Principle:
选项：
A: provides an abstract model of how people should choose between alternatives.
B: provides little insight into how people actually chose between alternatives.
C: fully captures how people choose between alternatives.
D: describes how people behave once they have enough education.
答案: 【 provides an abstract model of how people should choose between alternatives.】
72、单选题：
One thing that distinguishes normative economic principles from positive economic principles is that:
选项：
A: normative principles are pessimistic and positive principles are optimistic.
B: normative principles reflect social norms, and positive principles reflect universal truths.
C: normative principles tell us how people will behave, and positive principles tell us how people should behave.
D: normative principles tell us how people should behave, and positive principles tell us how people will behave.
答案: 【 normative principles tell us how people should behave, and positive principles tell us how people will behave.】
73、单选题：
The fact that most people make some decisions based on intuition rather than calculation is:
选项：
A: consistent with the cost-benefit model because calculating costs and benefits is irrational.
B: inconsistent with the cost-benefit model, but still rational.
C: consistent with the cost-benefit model because most people intuitively weigh costs and benefits.
D: irrational, because intuition is usually wrong.
答案: 【 consistent with the cost-benefit model because most people intuitively weigh costs and benefits.】
74、单选题：
Macroeconomics differs from microeconomics in that macroeconomics focuses on:
选项：
A: prices in specific markets.
B: production in specific markets.
C: individual choices and group behavior in individual markets.
D: the performance of national economies and ways to improve that performance.
答案: 【 the performance of national economies and ways to improve that performance.】
75、单选题：
Your classmates from the University of Chicago are planning to go to Miami for spring break, and you are undecided about whether you should go with them. The round-trip airfares are $600, but you have a frequent-flyer coupon worth $500 that you could use to pay part of the airfare. All other costs for the vacation are exactly $900. The most you would be willing to pay for the trip is $1400. Your only alternative use for your frequent-flyer coupon is for your trip to Atlanta two weeks after the break to attend your sister's graduation, which your parents are forcing you to attend. The Chicago-Atlanta round-trip airfares are $450. What is the opportunity cost of using the coupon for the Miami trip?
选项：
A: $550
B: $500
C: $100
D: $450
答案: 【 $450】
76、单选题：
Which of the following would not be studied in macroeconomics?
选项：
A: The growth rate of the U.S. economy.
B: How a sharp increase in gasoline prices is likely to affect SUV sales.
C: The impact of government spending on the economy.
D: The causes of the Great Depression.
答案: 【 How a sharp increase in gasoline prices is likely to affect SUV sales.】
77、单选题：
Your classmates from the University of Chicago are planning to go to Miami for spring break, and you are undecided about whether you should go with them. The round-trip airfares are $600, but you have a frequent-flyer coupon worth $500 that you could use to pay part of the airfare. All other costs for the vacation are exactly $900. The most you would be willing to pay for the trip is $1400. Your only alternative use for your frequent-flyer coupon is for your trip to Atlanta two weeks after the break to attend your sister's graduation, which your parents are forcing you to attend. The Chicago-Atlanta round-trip airfares are $450. Should you use the frequent flyer coupon to go to Miami?
选项：
A: No, your benefit is less than your cost.
B: Yes, your benefit is more than your cost.
C: Yes, your benefit is equal to your cost.
D: No, because there are no benefits in the trip.
答案: 【 No, your benefit is less than your cost.】
78、单选题：
In deciding how many guitars to buy for his shop before the Christmas season, Mark is making a(n decision.
选项：
A: irrational
B: microeconomic
C: normative
D: macroeconomic
答案: 【 microeconomic】
79、单选题：
You paid $35 for a ticket (which is non-refundable) to see SPAM, a local rock band, in concert on Saturday. Assume that $35 is the most you would have been willing to pay for a ticket. Your boss called, and she is looking for someone to cover a shift on Saturday at the same time as the concert. You would have to work 4 hours and she would pay you $11/hr. The psychic cost to you of working is $2/hr. Should you go to the concert instead of working Saturday?
选项：
A: No, because there are no benefits of going to the concert.
B: Yes, the benefit of going to the concert is more than the cost.
C: No, the benefit of going to the concert is less than the cost.
D: Yes, the benefit of going to the concert is equal to the cost.
答案: 【 No, the benefit of going to the concert is less than the cost.】
80、单选题：
With ATMs, it is possible to retrieve cash from the bank at any time. One hundred years ago, one could only get cash from the bank during business hours, say, 9 am to 3 pm. The present availability of 24-hour service has arisen because:
选项：
A: government forced banks to become more convenient.
B: it was impossible to provide 24-hour service 100 years ago.
C: the cost of providing 24-hour service is much lower today.
D: flexibility was not valued 100 years ago.
答案: 【 the cost of providing 24-hour service is much lower today.】
81、单选题：
The marginal benefit of an activity is the:
选项：
A: total benefit of an activity divided by the level of the activity.
B: same as the total benefit of an activity.
C: total benefit associated with an extra unit of the activity.
D: extra benefit associated with an extra unit of the activity.
答案: 【 extra benefit associated with an extra unit of the activity.】
82、单选题：
The number of U.S. households with access to the Internet is growing rapidly. Compared to 50 years ago, one would predict that when considering a major purchase, people today will gather:
选项：
A: more information because the Internet has increased the cost of gathering information.
B: less information because the Internet has increased the benefit of gathering information.
C: more information because the Internet has lowered the cost of gathering information.
D: less information because the Internet has lowered the cost of gathering information.
答案: 【 more information because the Internet has lowered the cost of gathering information.】
83、单选题：
The marginal cost of an activity is the:
选项：
A: change in the total cost of the activity that results from carrying out an additional unit of the activity.
B: change in the level of the activity divided by the change in the cost of the activity.
C: the total cost of the activity divided by the change in the level of the activity.
D: the total cost of the activity divided by the level of the activity.
答案: 【 change in the total cost of the activity that results from carrying out an additional unit of the activity.】
84、单选题：
Suppose there are two parallel highways between two cities with approximately equal traffic. What would you expect to happen if the state began charging tolls to drive on one of those highways?
选项：
A: Traffic would decrease on both roads.
B: More drivers would drive on the toll road making the non-toll road less congested.
C: Traffic would remain evenly divided between the two roads as drivers continuously sought the less-congested route.
D: More drivers would drive on the non-toll road, making the toll road less congested.
答案: 【 More drivers would drive on the non-toll road, making the toll road less congested.】
85、单选题：
For the Fall semester, you had to pay a nonrefundable fee of $600 for your meal plan, which gives you up to 150 meals. If you eat all of the meals, your average cost for a meal is:
选项：
A: $6.
B: $4.
C: $5.
D: $0.25.
答案: 【 $4.】
86、单选题：
Due to the fact that Curly used his frequent flyer miles to fly to visit Moe, Curly told Moe that it didn't cost him anything to visit. Is Curly correct?
选项：
A: No, because Curly had to pay for earlier trips in order to earn the frequent flyer miles.
B: No, because Curly could have used his frequent flyer miles to go somewhere else instead.
C: Yes, because Curly could stay at Moe's house for free.
D: Yes, because Curly's frequent flyer miles made the trip free.
答案: 【 No, because Curly could have used his frequent flyer miles to go somewhere else instead.】
87、单选题：
For the Fall semester, you had to pay a nonrefundable fee of $600 for your meal plan, which gives you up to 150 meals. If you eat 100 meals, your marginal cost of the 100th meal is:
选项：
A: $0.25.
B: $0.
C: $4.
D: $6.
答案: 【 $0.】
88、单选题：
Refer to the table below. According to the Cost-Benefit Principle, how many units of this activity should be carried out?
选项：
A: 4
B: 3
C: 6
D: 1
答案: 【 3】
89、单选题：
The table below shows how total donations, average donations, total labor costs and average labor costs vary depending on the number of employees State U hires for its fundraising activities.
The total labor cost with 4 employees is:
选项：
A: $38,000.
B: $43,121.
C: $21,500.
D: $22,000.
答案: 【 $38,000.】
90、单选题：
The table below shows how total donations, average donations, total labor costs and average labor costs vary depending on the number of employees State U hires for its fundraising activities.
The President of State U decides to hire fundraising employees as long as their average benefit exceeds their average cost. This results in ________ employees being hired and a net benefit (total donations minus total labor costs) of ________.
选项：
A: 4; $22,000
B: 5; $67,080
C: 5; $17,080
D: 4; $60,000
答案: 【 5; $17,080】
91、单选题：
A firm pays Pam $40 per hour to assemble personal computers. Each day, Pam can assemble 4 computers if she works 1 hour, 7 computers if she works 2 hours, 9 computers if she works 3 hours, and 10 computers if she works 4 hours. Pam cannot work more than 4 hours day. Each computer consists of a motherboard, a hard drive, a case, a monitor, a keyboard, and a mouse. The total cost of these parts is $600 per computer. What is the marginal cost of producing the computers that Pam can assemble during her 3rd hour of work?
选项：
A: $1,240
B: $5,400
C: $1,200
D: $5,520
答案: 【 $1,240】
92、单选题：
The following table shows the relationship between the speed of a computer's CPU and its benefits and costs. Assume that all other features of the computer are the same (that is, CPU speed is the only source of variation), and only the CPU speeds listed below are available for purchase.
Application of the Cost-Benefit Principle would lead one to purchase a ________ computer.
选项：
A: 3.0GHz
B: 2.0GHz
C: 2.5GHz
D: 4.0GHz
答案: 【 3.0GHz】
93、单选题：
The table below shows the relationship between the number of times you get your car washed each month and your total monthly benefit from car washes. Each car wash costs $15.
What is the marginal benefit of the 3rd car wash each month?
选项：
A: $4
B: $12
C: $48
D: $16
答案: 【 $12】
94、单选题：
The Incentive Principle is an example of:
选项：
A: over-estimating the benefits of an action.
B: an economic decision-making pitfall.
C: a normative economic principle.
D: a positive economic principle.
答案: 【 a positive economic principle.】
95、单选题：
Which branch of economics is most likely to study differences in countries' growth rates?
选项：
A: microeconomics
B: macroeconomics
C: experimental economics
D: normative economics
答案: 【 macroeconomics】
96、单选题：
Which of the following would not be studied in microeconomics?
选项：
A: Whether to study or watch TV tonight.
B: How individual firms decide how much to produce.
C: How an early freeze in California will affect the price of fruit.
D: Whether the federal budget should be balanced.
答案: 【 Whether the federal budget should be balanced.】
97、单选题：
By convention, there are two major divisions of economics, called:
选项：
A: reservation price and opportunity cost.
B: rational economics and irrational economics.
C: microeconomics and macroeconomics.
D: marginal benefit and marginal cost.
答案: 【 microeconomics and macroeconomics.】
98、单选题：
During times of high unemployment, colleges often observe an increase in enrollment even if tuition remains unchanged. Why?
选项：
A: The benefit of attending college is lower because college graduates are less likely to find jobs.
B: The opportunity cost of attending college is higher when unemployment is high.
C: The opportunity cost of attending college is lower when unemployment is high.
D: Students go to college even when the net benefit is negative.
答案: 【 The opportunity cost of attending college is lower when unemployment is high.】
99、单选题：
The last time gas prices increased drastically, sales of large Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs) fell. Why?
选项：
A: Higher gas prices increased the benefit of driving an SUV.
B: Higher gas prices increased the cost of driving a SUV.
C: Higher gas prices lowered the benefit of driving an SUV.
D: Higher gas prices lowered the cost of driving a SUV.
答案: 【 Higher gas prices increased the cost of driving a SUV.】
100、单选题：
Larry was accepted at three different graduate schools, and must choose one. Elite U costs $50,000 per year and did not offer Larry any financial aid. Larry values attending Elite U at $60,000 per year. State College costs $30,000 per year, and offered Larry an annual $10,000 scholarship. Larry values attending State College at $40,000 per year. NoName U costs $20,000 per year, and offered Larry a full $20,000 annual scholarship. Larry values attending NoName at $15,000 per year. Larry's opportunity cost of attending Elite U is:
选项：
A: $70,000
B: $20,000
C: $50,000
D: $15,000
答案: 【 $70,000】
101、单选题：
Larry was accepted at three different graduate schools, and must choose one. Elite U costs $50,000 per year and did not offer Larry any financial aid. Larry values attending Elite U at $60,000 per year. State College costs $30,000 per year, and offered Larry an annual $10,000 scholarship. Larry values attending State College at $40,000 per year. NoName U costs $20,000 per year, and offered Larry a full $20,000 annual scholarship. Larry values attending NoName at $15,000 per year. Larry's opportunity cost of attending State NoName U is:
选项：
A: $15,000
B: $30,000
C: $60,000
D: $20,000
答案: 【 $20,000】
102、单选题：
Your classmates from the University of Chicago are planning to go to Miami for spring break, and you are undecided about whether you should go with them. The round-trip airfares are $600, but you have a frequent-flyer coupon worth $500 that you could use to pay part of the airfare. All other costs for the vacation are exactly $900. The most you would be willing to pay for the trip is $1400. Your only alternative use for your frequent-flyer coupon is for your trip to Atlanta two weeks after the break to attend your sister's graduation, which your parents are forcing you to attend. The Chicago-Atlanta round-trip airfares are $450. If you do not use the frequent-flyer coupon to fly to Miami, should you go to Miami?
选项：
A: Yes, your benefit is equal to your cost.
B: No, because there are no benefits in the trip.
C: Yes, your benefit is more than your cost.
D: No, your benefit is less than your cost.
答案: 【 No, your benefit is less than your cost.】
103、单选题：
Pat earns $25,000 per year (after taxes), and Pat's spouse, Chris, earns $35,000 (after taxes). They have two pre-school-aged children. Childcare for their children costs $12,000 per year. Given that Chris doesn't want to stay home with the kids, regardless of what Pat does, Pat should stay home with the kids if, and only if, the value of Pat spending more time with the kids is greater than:
选项：
A: $25,000 per year.
B: $37,000 per year.
C: $13,000 per year.
D: $12,000 per year.
答案: 【 $13,000 per year.】
104、单选题：
The extra cost that results from carrying out one additional unit of an activity is the ________ of the activity.
选项：
A: opportunity cost
B: reservation cost
C: marginal cost
D: marginal benefit
答案: 【 marginal cost】
105、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The marginal benefit of the 5th unit of activity is:
选项：
A: $10
B: $5
C: $50
D: $44
答案: 【 $10】
106、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The average benefit of 4 units of activity is:
选项：
A: $5
B: $9
C: $10
D: $4
答案: 【 $9】
107、单选题：
Refer to the table below. According to the Cost-Benefit Principle, how many units of this activity should be carried out?
选项：
A: 5
B: 4
C: 2
D: 3
答案: 【 3】
108、单选题：
The table below shows how total donations, average donations, total labor costs and average labor costs vary depending on the number of employees State U hires for its fundraising activities.
The total value of donations raised by three employees is:
选项：
A: $43,899.
B: $48,911.
C: $51,963.
D: $45,000.
答案: 【 $51,963.】
109、单选题：
The table below shows how total donations, average donations, total labor costs and average labor costs vary depending on the number of employees State U hires for its fundraising activities.
The marginal benefit (in terms of extra donations) of the 2nd employee is:
选项：
A: $11,337.
B: $12,426.
C: $21,213.
D: $42,426.
答案: 【 $12,426.】
110、单选题：
The table below shows how total donations, average donations, total labor costs and average labor costs vary depending on the number of employees State U hires for its fundraising activities.
The Chair of the Economics Department at State U says that fundraising employees should be hired as long as their marginal benefit exceeds their marginal cost. If the University follows this advice, then ________ employee(s) will hired, and the net benefit (total donations minus total labor costs) will be ________.
选项：
A: 3; $25,426
B: 1; $22,000
C: 2; $25,426
D: 2; $3,476
答案: 【 2; $25,426】
111、单选题：
The table below shows how total donations, average donations, total labor costs and average labor costs vary depending on the number of employees State U hires for its fundraising activities.
The net benefit of hiring fundraisers is largest when ________ employees are hired.
选项：
A: 2
B: 4
C: 3
D: 1
答案: 【 2】
112、单选题：
A firm pays Pam $40 per hour to assemble personal computers. Each day, Pam can assemble 4 computers if she works 1 hour, 7 computers if she works 2 hours, 9 computers if she works 3 hours, and 10 computers if she works 4 hours. Pam cannot work more than 4 hours day. Each computer consists of a motherboard, a hard drive, a case, a monitor, a keyboard, and a mouse. The total cost of these parts is $600 per computer. What is the marginal cost of producing the computers that Pam can assemble during her 2nd hour of work?
选项：
A: $4,200
B: $1,840
C: $4,280
D: $1,800
答案: 【 $1,840】
113、单选题：
If Jane works for 6 hours she can rent out 9 apartments, and if she works for 7 hours she can rent out 12 apartments. The marginal benefit of Jane's 7th hour of work equals:
选项：
A: 3 apartments
B: 9 apartments
C: 12 apartments
D: 1 apartment
答案: 【 3 apartments】
114、单选题：
The following table shows the relationship between the speed of a computer's CPU and its benefits and costs. Assume that all other features of the computer are the same (that is, CPU speed is the only source of variation), and only the CPU speeds listed below are available for purchase.
The marginal benefit of upgrading from a 2.0GHz computer to a 2.5GHz computer is:
选项：
A: $100.
B: $1,000.
C: $400.
D: $1,400.
答案: 【 $400.】
115、单选题：
The following table shows the relationship between the speed of a computer's CPU and its benefits and costs. Assume that all other features of the computer are the same (that is, CPU speed is the only source of variation), and only the CPU speeds listed below are available for purchase.
The total benefit of a 3.0GHz computer is:
选项：
A: $1,650.
B: $900.
C: $300.
D: $1,700.
答案: 【 $1,700.】
116、单选题：
Jack has a ticket to see Bo Bice for which he paid $30 yesterday. He takes an unpaid day off from work to get ready for the concert. When he arrives at the concert, five different people offer him $70 for his ticket. Jack decides to keep his ticket. At the time he makes this decision, his opportunity cost of seeing Bo Bice is:
选项：
A: $70 plus his forgone earnings.
B: $70.
C: $40.
D: $30 plus his forgone earnings.
答案: 【 $70.】
117、单选题：
Frank owns an apple farm and plans to spend 4 hours today picking apples. The number of apples he can pick per hour depends on the total number of hours he spends working in either the east orchard or the west orchard in the manner shown in the table below.
If Frank spends 2 hours picking apples in the east orchard and 2 hours picking apples in the west orchard, how many apples in total will Frank be able to pick today?
选项：
A: 84
B: 42
C: 21
D: 92
答案: 【 84】
118、单选题：
Normative economic principles are concerned with how people ________ make decisions while positive economic principles are concerned with how people ________ make decisions.
选项：
A: in power; in ordinary life
B: do; should
C: should; do
D: in ordinary life; in power
答案: 【 should; do】
119、单选题：
The Incentive Principle states that a person:
选项：
A: is more likely to take an action if its cost increases.
B: should take an action if its benefit increases.
C: should take an action if its cost increases.
D: is more likely to take an action if its benefit increases.
答案: 【 is more likely to take an action if its benefit increases.】
120、单选题：
According to the Incentive Principle, people will be less likely to smoke if the government:
选项：
A: increases taxes on smoking-cessation devices such as nicotine patches.
B: subsidizes hospitals treating lung disease.
C: increases taxes on cigarettes, effectively raising the price.
D: invests more money in cancer research.
答案: 【 increases taxes on cigarettes, effectively raising the price.】
121、单选题：
A study of the impact of various government policies on economic growth would be considered:
选项：
A: government economics.
B: marginal economics.
C: macroeconomics.
D: microeconomics.
答案: 【 macroeconomics.】
122、单选题：
Economics is the study of:
选项：
A: the financial concerns of businesses and individuals.
B: choice in the face of limited resources.
C: the role of government in limiting the choices people make.
D: whether we will have enough resources in the future.
答案: 【 choice in the face of limited resources.】
123、单选题：
Economists recognize that because people have limited resources:
选项：
A: our future is bleak.
B: they will never be happy.
C: they have to make trade-offs.
D: government intervention is necessary.
答案: 【 they have to make trade-offs.】
124、单选题：
The Scarcity Principle applies to:
选项：
A: only non-market decisions, e.g., watching a sunset.
B: only the poor.
C: only market decisions, e.g., buying a car.
D: all decisions.
答案: 【 all decisions.】
125、单选题：
Chris has a one-hour break between classes every Wednesday. Chris can either stay at the library and study or go to the gym and work out. The decision Chris must make is:
选项：
A: not an economic problem because it's an hour that Chris has no matter what he does.
B: an economic problem because the tuition Chris pays covers the cost of both the gym and the library.
C: an economic problem because Chris has only one hour, and engaging in one activity means giving up the other.
D: not an economic problem because neither activity costs money.
答案: 【 an economic problem because Chris has only one hour, and engaging in one activity means giving up the other.】
126、单选题：
Choosing to study for an exam until the extra benefit (e.g., improved score) equals the extra cost (e.g., the value of foregone activities) is:
选项：
A: not rational because it ignores the importance of total benefits and total costs.
B: an application of the Cost-Benefit Principle.
C: not an economic choice.
D: an application of the Scarcity Principle.
答案: 【 an application of the Cost-Benefit Principle.】
127、单选题：
A rational person:
选项：
A: undertakes activities until the net benefits become less than zero.
B: makes choices based on total benefits and total costs.
C: considers the financial benefits and financial costs of making a choice.
D: makes choices based on added benefits and added costs.
答案: 【 makes choices based on added benefits and added costs.】
128、单选题：
Larry was accepted at three different graduate schools, and must choose one. Elite U costs $50,000 per year and did not offer Larry any financial aid. Larry values attending Elite U at $60,000 per year. State College costs $30,000 per year, and offered Larry an annual $10,000 scholarship. Larry values attending State College at $40,000 per year. NoName U costs $20,000 per year, and offered Larry a full $20,000 annual scholarship. Larry values attending NoName at $15,000 per year. Larry's opportunity cost of attending State College is:
选项：
A: $20,000
B: $35,000
C: $15,000
D: $30,000
答案: 【 $35,000】
129、单选题：
You are trying to decide whether to purchase the latest Harry Potter book online or borrow it from the library. There is no charge for borrowing a book from the library, but going to the library takes more time than ordering a book online. Regardless of how you get the book, its benefit to you is the same. If the cost of buying the book online is $13, then you should:
选项：
A: buy the book online because it takes less time.
B: borrow the book from the library because you can get it from the library for free.
C: borrow the book from the library if the cost of doing so (in terms of the extra time it takes) is greater than $13.
D: borrow the book from the library if the cost of doing so (in terms of the extra time it takes) is less than $13.
答案: 【 borrow the book from the library if the cost of doing so (in terms of the extra time it takes) is less than $13.】
130、单选题：
Alex received a four-year scholarship to State U. that covered tuition and fees, room and board, and books and supplies. If Alex becomes a full-time student, then:
选项：
A: the opportunity cost of attending State U. includes the sum of the benefits Alex would had from attending each of the other schools to which he was admitted.
B: the opportunity cost of attending State U. includes the money Alex could have earned working for four years.
C: attending State U. for four years is costless for Alex.
D: Alex has no incentive to study hard while at State U.
答案: 【 the opportunity cost of attending State U. includes the money Alex could have earned working for four years.】
131、单选题：
Positive economic principles are those that:
选项：
A: indicate how people should behave.
B: are always correct.
C: are influenced by political ideology.
D: predict how people will behave.
答案: 【 predict how people will behave.】
132、单选题：
An editorial in the paper argues that a person only should be allowed to attend school if the marginal cost of educating that person is less than the marginal benefit of educating that person. The writer's reasoning is an application of:
选项：
A: normative economics.
B: positive economics.
C: negative economics.
D: economic naturalism.
答案: 【 normative economics.】
133、单选题：
Every time you go to the grocery store, you try to wait in the shortest line. But the lines always seem to be roughly the same length. Why?
选项：
A: The cashiers work at the same speed.
B: The cashiers do not have an incentive to work faster.
C: Random chance equalizes the length of the lines.
D: Other people are trying to choose the shortest line too.
答案: 【 Other people are trying to choose the shortest line too.】
134、单选题：
You have two options for how to spend the afternoon. You can either go see a movie with your roommate or work as a tutor for the Math Department. From experience, you know that going to see a movie gives you $20 worth of enjoyment, and with your student discount, a movie ticket only costs $12. If you spend the afternoon working as a math tutor, you will get paid $45. On a typical day, you wouldn't be willing to spend the afternoon working as a math tutor for less than $35. What is your opportunity cost of seeing a movie this afternoon?
选项：
A: $57
B: $12
C: $8
D: $22
答案: 【 $12】
135、单选题：
The cost-benefit model used by economists is:
选项：
A: useful because most people follow it most of the time.
B: useful because everyone follows it all of the time.
C: unrealistic because it is too detailed and specific to apply to most situations.
D: unrealistic because everyone can think of times when he or she violated the principle.
答案: 【 useful because most people follow it most of the time.】
136、单选题：
Moe has a big exam tomorrow. He considered studying this evening, but decided to hang out with Curly instead. If neither activity involves any explicit costs, and Moe always chooses rationally, it must be true that:
选项：
A: Moe gets more benefit from spending time with Curly than from studying.
B: Moe gets less benefit from spending time with Curly than from studying.
C: the opportunity cost of studying is less than the value Moe gets from spending time with Curly.
D: the opportunity cost of studying is greater than the value Moe gets from spending time with Curly.
答案: 【 Moe gets more benefit from spending time with Curly than from studying.】
137、单选题：
Matt has decided to purchase his textbooks for the semester. His options are to purchase the books online with next day delivery at a cost of $175, or to drive to campus tomorrow to buy the books at the university bookstore at a cost of $170. Last week he drove to campus to buy a concert ticket because they offered 25 percent off the regular price of $16. The benefit to Matt of driving to campus to buy the concert ticket last week was:
选项：
A: $2
B: $4
C: $16
D: $9
答案: 【 $4】
138、单选题：
For the Fall semester, you had to pay a nonrefundable fee of $600 for your meal plan, which gives you up to 150 meals. If you eat 100 meals, your average cost for a meal is:
选项：
A: $5.
B: $0.25.
C: $6.
D: $4.
答案: 【 $6.】
139、单选题：
You save $10 on gas every week because you take the bus to school. You have class 5 days a week. What is your average benefit per day of taking the bus to school?
选项：
A: $5
B: $0
C: $2
D: $10
答案: 【 $2】
140、单选题：
Ginger bought a phone that came with a $10 rebate. Ginger should fill out and mail in the rebate form if:
选项：
A: the opportunity cost of the time and trouble of sending in the rebate form is less than $10.
B: the opportunity cost of the time and trouble of sending in the rebate form is more than $10.
C: Ginger's surplus from purchasing the phone was less than $10.
D: she would have bought the phone without the rebate, and so sending in the rebate form involves no opportunity cost.
答案: 【 the opportunity cost of the time and trouble of sending in the rebate form is less than $10.】
141、单选题：
Suppose a retail store was offering 10% off list prices on all goods. The benefit of the 10% savings is:
选项：
A: negatively related to the list price of the good.
B: zero since costs and benefits shouldn't be measured proportionally.
C: unrelated to the list price of the good.
D: positively related to the list price of the good.
答案: 【 positively related to the list price of the good.】
142、单选题：
A firm pays Pam $40 per hour to assemble personal computers. Each day, Pam can assemble 4 computers if she works 1 hour, 7 computers if she works 2 hours, 9 computers if she works 3 hours, and 10 computers if she works 4 hours. Pam cannot work more than 4 hours day. Each computer consists of a motherboard, a hard drive, a case, a monitor, a keyboard, and a mouse. The total cost of these parts is $600 per computer. If the firm sells each computer for $650, then how many hours a day should the firm employ Pam to maximize its net benefit from her employment?
选项：
A: 3 hours
B: 4 hours
C: 1 hour
D: 2 hours
答案: 【 4 hours】
143、单选题：
Frank owns an apple farm and plans to spend 4 hours today picking apples. The number of apples he can pick per hour depends on the total number of hours he spends working in either the east orchard or the west orchard in the manner shown in the table below.
How should Frank divide his time between the east and the west orchard?
选项：
A: He should spend 1 hour in the east orchard and 3 hours in the west orchard.
B: He should spend 2 hours in east orchard and 2 hours in the west orchard.
C: He should spend 3 hours in the east orchard and 1 hour in the west orchard.
D: He should spend all 4 hours in the east orchard.
答案: 【 He should spend 3 hours in the east orchard and 1 hour in the west orchard.】
144、单选题：
Positive economic principles are those that:
选项：
A: indicate how people should behave.
B: are always correct.
C: are influenced by political ideology.
D: predict how people will behave.
答案: 【 predict how people will behave.】
课后测验1
1、单选题：
Suppose the most you would be willing to pay for a plane ticket home is $250. If you buy one for $175, then your economic surplus is:
选项：
A: $175.
B: $0.
C: $75.
D: $250.
答案: 【 $75.】
2、单选题：
Frank owns an apple farm and plans to spend 4 hours today picking apples. The number of apples he can pick per hour depends on the total number of hours he spends working in either the east orchard or the west orchard in the manner shown in the table below.
What is the marginal benefit to Frank of the 2nd hour he spends picking in the east orchard?
选项：
A: 8 apples
B: 24 apples
C: 64 apples
D: 32 apples
答案: 【 24 apples】
3、单选题：
The Cost-Benefit Principle:
选项：
A: provides an abstract model of how people should choose between alternatives.
B: provides little insight into how people actually chose between alternatives.
C: fully captures how people choose between alternatives.
D: describes how people behave once they have enough education.
答案: 【 provides an abstract model of how people should choose between alternatives.】
4、单选题：
One thing that distinguishes normative economic principles from positive economic principles is that:
选项：
A: normative principles are pessimistic and positive principles are optimistic.
B: normative principles reflect social norms, and positive principles reflect universal truths.
C: normative principles tell us how people will behave, and positive principles tell us how people should behave.
D: normative principles tell us how people should behave, and positive principles tell us how people will behave.
答案: 【 normative principles tell us how people should behave, and positive principles tell us how people will behave.】
5、单选题：
The fact that most people make some decisions based on intuition rather than calculation is:
选项：
A: consistent with the cost-benefit model because calculating costs and benefits is irrational.
B: inconsistent with the cost-benefit model, but still rational.
C: consistent with the cost-benefit model because most people intuitively weigh costs and benefits.
D: irrational, because intuition is usually wrong.
答案: 【 consistent with the cost-benefit model because most people intuitively weigh costs and benefits.】
6、单选题：
Macroeconomics differs from microeconomics in that macroeconomics focuses on:
选项：
A: prices in specific markets.
B: production in specific markets.
C: individual choices and group behavior in individual markets.
D: the performance of national economies and ways to improve that performance.
答案: 【 the performance of national economies and ways to improve that performance.】
7、单选题：
Your classmates from the University of Chicago are planning to go to Miami for spring break, and you are undecided about whether you should go with them. The round-trip airfares are $600, but you have a frequent-flyer coupon worth $500 that you could use to pay part of the airfare. All other costs for the vacation are exactly $900. The most you would be willing to pay for the trip is $1400. Your only alternative use for your frequent-flyer coupon is for your trip to Atlanta two weeks after the break to attend your sister's graduation, which your parents are forcing you to attend. The Chicago-Atlanta round-trip airfares are $450. What is the opportunity cost of using the coupon for the Miami trip?
选项：
A: $550
B: $500
C: $100
D: $450
答案: 【 $450】
8、单选题：
Which of the following would not be studied in macroeconomics?
选项：
A: The growth rate of the U.S. economy.
B: How a sharp increase in gasoline prices is likely to affect SUV sales.
C: The impact of government spending on the economy.
D: The causes of the Great Depression.
答案: 【 How a sharp increase in gasoline prices is likely to affect SUV sales.】
9、单选题：
Your classmates from the University of Chicago are planning to go to Miami for spring break, and you are undecided about whether you should go with them. The round-trip airfares are $600, but you have a frequent-flyer coupon worth $500 that you could use to pay part of the airfare. All other costs for the vacation are exactly $900. The most you would be willing to pay for the trip is $1400. Your only alternative use for your frequent-flyer coupon is for your trip to Atlanta two weeks after the break to attend your sister's graduation, which your parents are forcing you to attend. The Chicago-Atlanta round-trip airfares are $450. Should you use the frequent flyer coupon to go to Miami?
选项：
A: No, your benefit is less than your cost.
B: Yes, your benefit is more than your cost.
C: Yes, your benefit is equal to your cost.
D: No, because there are no benefits in the trip.
答案: 【 No, your benefit is less than your cost.】
10、单选题：
In deciding how many guitars to buy for his shop before the Christmas season, Mark is making a(n decision.
选项：
A: irrational
B: microeconomic
C: normative
D: macroeconomic
答案: 【 microeconomic】
11、单选题：
You paid $35 for a ticket (which is non-refundable) to see SPAM, a local rock band, in concert on Saturday. Assume that $35 is the most you would have been willing to pay for a ticket. Your boss called, and she is looking for someone to cover a shift on Saturday at the same time as the concert. You would have to work 4 hours and she would pay you $11/hr. The psychic cost to you of working is $2/hr. Should you go to the concert instead of working Saturday?
选项：
A: No, because there are no benefits of going to the concert.
B: Yes, the benefit of going to the concert is more than the cost.
C: No, the benefit of going to the concert is less than the cost.
D: Yes, the benefit of going to the concert is equal to the cost.
答案: 【 No, the benefit of going to the concert is less than the cost.】
12、单选题：
With ATMs, it is possible to retrieve cash from the bank at any time. One hundred years ago, one could only get cash from the bank during business hours, say, 9 am to 3 pm. The present availability of 24-hour service has arisen because:
选项：
A: government forced banks to become more convenient.
B: it was impossible to provide 24-hour service 100 years ago.
C: the cost of providing 24-hour service is much lower today.
D: flexibility was not valued 100 years ago.
答案: 【 the cost of providing 24-hour service is much lower today.】
13、单选题：
The marginal benefit of an activity is the:
选项：
A: total benefit of an activity divided by the level of the activity.
B: same as the total benefit of an activity.
C: total benefit associated with an extra unit of the activity.
D: extra benefit associated with an extra unit of the activity.
答案: 【 extra benefit associated with an extra unit of the activity.】
14、单选题：
The number of U.S. households with access to the Internet is growing rapidly. Compared to 50 years ago, one would predict that when considering a major purchase, people today will gather:
选项：
A: more information because the Internet has increased the cost of gathering information.
B: less information because the Internet has increased the benefit of gathering information.
C: more information because the Internet has lowered the cost of gathering information.
D: less information because the Internet has lowered the cost of gathering information.
答案: 【 more information because the Internet has lowered the cost of gathering information.】
15、单选题：
The marginal cost of an activity is the:
选项：
A: change in the total cost of the activity that results from carrying out an additional unit of the activity.
B: change in the level of the activity divided by the change in the cost of the activity.
C: the total cost of the activity divided by the change in the level of the activity.
D: the total cost of the activity divided by the level of the activity.
答案: 【 change in the total cost of the activity that results from carrying out an additional unit of the activity.】
16、单选题：
Suppose there are two parallel highways between two cities with approximately equal traffic. What would you expect to happen if the state began charging tolls to drive on one of those highways?
选项：
A: Traffic would decrease on both roads.
B: More drivers would drive on the toll road making the non-toll road less congested.
C: Traffic would remain evenly divided between the two roads as drivers continuously sought the less-congested route.
D: More drivers would drive on the non-toll road, making the toll road less congested.
答案: 【 More drivers would drive on the non-toll road, making the toll road less congested.】
17、单选题：
For the Fall semester, you had to pay a nonrefundable fee of $600 for your meal plan, which gives you up to 150 meals. If you eat all of the meals, your average cost for a meal is:
选项：
A: $6.
B: $4.
C: $5.
D: $0.25.
答案: 【 $4.】
18、单选题：
Due to the fact that Curly used his frequent flyer miles to fly to visit Moe, Curly told Moe that it didn't cost him anything to visit. Is Curly correct?
选项：
A: No, because Curly had to pay for earlier trips in order to earn the frequent flyer miles.
B: No, because Curly could have used his frequent flyer miles to go somewhere else instead.
C: Yes, because Curly could stay at Moe's house for free.
D: Yes, because Curly's frequent flyer miles made the trip free.
答案: 【 No, because Curly could have used his frequent flyer miles to go somewhere else instead.】
19、单选题：
For the Fall semester, you had to pay a nonrefundable fee of $600 for your meal plan, which gives you up to 150 meals. If you eat 100 meals, your marginal cost of the 100th meal is:
选项：
A: $0.25.
B: $0.
C: $4.
D: $6.
答案: 【 $0.】
20、单选题：
Refer to the table below. According to the Cost-Benefit Principle, how many units of this activity should be carried out?
选项：
A: 4
B: 3
C: 6
D: 1
答案: 【 3】
21、单选题：
The table below shows how total donations, average donations, total labor costs and average labor costs vary depending on the number of employees State U hires for its fundraising activities.
The total labor cost with 4 employees is:
选项：
A: $38,000.
B: $43,121.
C: $21,500.
D: $22,000.
答案: 【 $38,000.】
22、单选题：
The table below shows how total donations, average donations, total labor costs and average labor costs vary depending on the number of employees State U hires for its fundraising activities.
The President of State U decides to hire fundraising employees as long as their average benefit exceeds their average cost. This results in ________ employees being hired and a net benefit (total donations minus total labor costs) of ________.
选项：
A: 4; $22,000
B: 5; $67,080
C: 5; $17,080
D: 4; $60,000
答案: 【 5; $17,080】
23、单选题：
A firm pays Pam $40 per hour to assemble personal computers. Each day, Pam can assemble 4 computers if she works 1 hour, 7 computers if she works 2 hours, 9 computers if she works 3 hours, and 10 computers if she works 4 hours. Pam cannot work more than 4 hours day. Each computer consists of a motherboard, a hard drive, a case, a monitor, a keyboard, and a mouse. The total cost of these parts is $600 per computer. What is the marginal cost of producing the computers that Pam can assemble during her 3rd hour of work?
选项：
A: $1,240
B: $5,400
C: $1,200
D: $5,520
答案: 【 $1,240】
24、单选题：
The following table shows the relationship between the speed of a computer's CPU and its benefits and costs. Assume that all other features of the computer are the same (that is, CPU speed is the only source of variation), and only the CPU speeds listed below are available for purchase.
Application of the Cost-Benefit Principle would lead one to purchase a ________ computer.
选项：
A: 3.0GHz
B: 2.0GHz
C: 2.5GHz
D: 4.0GHz
答案: 【 3.0GHz】
25、单选题：
The table below shows the relationship between the number of times you get your car washed each month and your total monthly benefit from car washes. Each car wash costs $15.
What is the marginal benefit of the 3rd car wash each month?
选项：
A: $4
B: $12
C: $48
D: $16
答案: 【 $12】
26、单选题：
The Incentive Principle is an example of:
选项：
A: over-estimating the benefits of an action.
B: an economic decision-making pitfall.
C: a normative economic principle.
D: a positive economic principle.
答案: 【 a positive economic principle.】
27、单选题：
Which branch of economics is most likely to study differences in countries' growth rates?
选项：
A: microeconomics
B: macroeconomics
C: experimental economics
D: normative economics
答案: 【 macroeconomics】
28、单选题：
Which of the following would not be studied in microeconomics?
选项：
A: Whether to study or watch TV tonight.
B: How individual firms decide how much to produce.
C: How an early freeze in California will affect the price of fruit.
D: Whether the federal budget should be balanced.
答案: 【 Whether the federal budget should be balanced.】
29、单选题：
By convention, there are two major divisions of economics, called:
选项：
A: reservation price and opportunity cost.
B: rational economics and irrational economics.
C: microeconomics and macroeconomics.
D: marginal benefit and marginal cost.
答案: 【 microeconomics and macroeconomics.】
30、单选题：
During times of high unemployment, colleges often observe an increase in enrollment even if tuition remains unchanged. Why?
选项：
A: The benefit of attending college is lower because college graduates are less likely to find jobs.
B: The opportunity cost of attending college is higher when unemployment is high.
C: The opportunity cost of attending college is lower when unemployment is high.
D: Students go to college even when the net benefit is negative.
答案: 【 The opportunity cost of attending college is lower when unemployment is high.】
31、单选题：
The last time gas prices increased drastically, sales of large Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs) fell. Why?
选项：
A: Higher gas prices increased the benefit of driving an SUV.
B: Higher gas prices increased the cost of driving a SUV.
C: Higher gas prices lowered the benefit of driving an SUV.
D: Higher gas prices lowered the cost of driving a SUV.
答案: 【 Higher gas prices increased the cost of driving a SUV.】
32、单选题：
Larry was accepted at three different graduate schools, and must choose one. Elite U costs $50,000 per year and did not offer Larry any financial aid. Larry values attending Elite U at $60,000 per year. State College costs $30,000 per year, and offered Larry an annual $10,000 scholarship. Larry values attending State College at $40,000 per year. NoName U costs $20,000 per year, and offered Larry a full $20,000 annual scholarship. Larry values attending NoName at $15,000 per year. Larry's opportunity cost of attending Elite U is:
选项：
A: $70,000
B: $20,000
C: $50,000
D: $15,000
答案: 【 $70,000】
33、单选题：
Larry was accepted at three different graduate schools, and must choose one. Elite U costs $50,000 per year and did not offer Larry any financial aid. Larry values attending Elite U at $60,000 per year. State College costs $30,000 per year, and offered Larry an annual $10,000 scholarship. Larry values attending State College at $40,000 per year. NoName U costs $20,000 per year, and offered Larry a full $20,000 annual scholarship. Larry values attending NoName at $15,000 per year. Larry's opportunity cost of attending State NoName U is:
选项：
A: $15,000
B: $30,000
C: $60,000
D: $20,000
答案: 【 $20,000】
34、单选题：
Your classmates from the University of Chicago are planning to go to Miami for spring break, and you are undecided about whether you should go with them. The round-trip airfares are $600, but you have a frequent-flyer coupon worth $500 that you could use to pay part of the airfare. All other costs for the vacation are exactly $900. The most you would be willing to pay for the trip is $1400. Your only alternative use for your frequent-flyer coupon is for your trip to Atlanta two weeks after the break to attend your sister's graduation, which your parents are forcing you to attend. The Chicago-Atlanta round-trip airfares are $450. If you do not use the frequent-flyer coupon to fly to Miami, should you go to Miami?
选项：
A: Yes, your benefit is equal to your cost.
B: No, because there are no benefits in the trip.
C: Yes, your benefit is more than your cost.
D: No, your benefit is less than your cost.
答案: 【 No, your benefit is less than your cost.】
35、单选题：
Pat earns $25,000 per year (after taxes), and Pat's spouse, Chris, earns $35,000 (after taxes). They have two pre-school-aged children. Childcare for their children costs $12,000 per year. Given that Chris doesn't want to stay home with the kids, regardless of what Pat does, Pat should stay home with the kids if, and only if, the value of Pat spending more time with the kids is greater than:
选项：
A: $25,000 per year.
B: $37,000 per year.
C: $13,000 per year.
D: $12,000 per year.
答案: 【 $13,000 per year.】
36、单选题：
The extra cost that results from carrying out one additional unit of an activity is the ________ of the activity.
选项：
A: opportunity cost
B: reservation cost
C: marginal cost
D: marginal benefit
答案: 【 marginal cost】
37、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The marginal benefit of the 5th unit of activity is:
选项：
A: $10
B: $5
C: $50
D: $44
答案: 【 $10】
38、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The average benefit of 4 units of activity is:
选项：
A: $5
B: $9
C: $10
D: $4
答案: 【 $9】
39、单选题：
Refer to the table below. According to the Cost-Benefit Principle, how many units of this activity should be carried out?
选项：
A: 5
B: 4
C: 2
D: 3
答案: 【 3】
40、单选题：
The table below shows how total donations, average donations, total labor costs and average labor costs vary depending on the number of employees State U hires for its fundraising activities.
The total value of donations raised by three employees is:
选项：
A: $43,899.
B: $48,911.
C: $51,963.
D: $45,000.
答案: 【 $51,963.】
41、单选题：
The table below shows how total donations, average donations, total labor costs and average labor costs vary depending on the number of employees State U hires for its fundraising activities.
The marginal benefit (in terms of extra donations) of the 2nd employee is:
选项：
A: $11,337.
B: $12,426.
C: $21,213.
D: $42,426.
答案: 【 $12,426.】
42、单选题：
The table below shows how total donations, average donations, total labor costs and average labor costs vary depending on the number of employees State U hires for its fundraising activities.
The Chair of the Economics Department at State U says that fundraising employees should be hired as long as their marginal benefit exceeds their marginal cost. If the University follows this advice, then ________ employee(s) will hired, and the net benefit (total donations minus total labor costs) will be ________.
选项：
A: 3; $25,426
B: 1; $22,000
C: 2; $25,426
D: 2; $3,476
答案: 【 2; $25,426】
43、单选题：
The table below shows how total donations, average donations, total labor costs and average labor costs vary depending on the number of employees State U hires for its fundraising activities.
The net benefit of hiring fundraisers is largest when ________ employees are hired.
选项：
A: 2
B: 4
C: 3
D: 1
答案: 【 2】
44、单选题：
A firm pays Pam $40 per hour to assemble personal computers. Each day, Pam can assemble 4 computers if she works 1 hour, 7 computers if she works 2 hours, 9 computers if she works 3 hours, and 10 computers if she works 4 hours. Pam cannot work more than 4 hours day. Each computer consists of a motherboard, a hard drive, a case, a monitor, a keyboard, and a mouse. The total cost of these parts is $600 per computer. What is the marginal cost of producing the computers that Pam can assemble during her 2nd hour of work?
选项：
A: $4,200
B: $1,840
C: $4,280
D: $1,800
答案: 【 $1,840】
45、单选题：
If Jane works for 6 hours she can rent out 9 apartments, and if she works for 7 hours she can rent out 12 apartments. The marginal benefit of Jane's 7th hour of work equals:
选项：
A: 3 apartments
B: 9 apartments
C: 12 apartments
D: 1 apartment
答案: 【 3 apartments】
46、单选题：
The following table shows the relationship between the speed of a computer's CPU and its benefits and costs. Assume that all other features of the computer are the same (that is, CPU speed is the only source of variation), and only the CPU speeds listed below are available for purchase.
The marginal benefit of upgrading from a 2.0GHz computer to a 2.5GHz computer is:
选项：
A: $100.
B: $1,000.
C: $400.
D: $1,400.
答案: 【 $400.】
47、单选题：
The following table shows the relationship between the speed of a computer's CPU and its benefits and costs. Assume that all other features of the computer are the same (that is, CPU speed is the only source of variation), and only the CPU speeds listed below are available for purchase.
The total benefit of a 3.0GHz computer is:
选项：
A: $1,650.
B: $900.
C: $300.
D: $1,700.
答案: 【 $1,700.】
48、单选题：
Jack has a ticket to see Bo Bice for which he paid $30 yesterday. He takes an unpaid day off from work to get ready for the concert. When he arrives at the concert, five different people offer him $70 for his ticket. Jack decides to keep his ticket. At the time he makes this decision, his opportunity cost of seeing Bo Bice is:
选项：
A: $70 plus his forgone earnings.
B: $70.
C: $40.
D: $30 plus his forgone earnings.
答案: 【 $70.】
49、单选题：
Frank owns an apple farm and plans to spend 4 hours today picking apples. The number of apples he can pick per hour depends on the total number of hours he spends working in either the east orchard or the west orchard in the manner shown in the table below.
If Frank spends 2 hours picking apples in the east orchard and 2 hours picking apples in the west orchard, how many apples in total will Frank be able to pick today?
选项：
A: 84
B: 42
C: 21
D: 92
答案: 【 84】
50、单选题：
Normative economic principles are concerned with how people ________ make decisions while positive economic principles are concerned with how people ________ make decisions.
选项：
A: in power; in ordinary life
B: do; should
C: should; do
D: in ordinary life; in power
答案: 【 should; do】
51、单选题：
The Incentive Principle states that a person:
选项：
A: is more likely to take an action if its cost increases.
B: should take an action if its benefit increases.
C: should take an action if its cost increases.
D: is more likely to take an action if its benefit increases.
答案: 【 is more likely to take an action if its benefit increases.】
52、单选题：
According to the Incentive Principle, people will be less likely to smoke if the government:
选项：
A: increases taxes on smoking-cessation devices such as nicotine patches.
B: subsidizes hospitals treating lung disease.
C: increases taxes on cigarettes, effectively raising the price.
D: invests more money in cancer research.
答案: 【 increases taxes on cigarettes, effectively raising the price.】
53、单选题：
A study of the impact of various government policies on economic growth would be considered:
选项：
A: government economics.
B: marginal economics.
C: macroeconomics.
D: microeconomics.
答案: 【 macroeconomics.】
54、单选题：
Economics is the study of:
选项：
A: the financial concerns of businesses and individuals.
B: choice in the face of limited resources.
C: the role of government in limiting the choices people make.
D: whether we will have enough resources in the future.
答案: 【 choice in the face of limited resources.】
55、单选题：
Economists recognize that because people have limited resources:
选项：
A: our future is bleak.
B: they will never be happy.
C: they have to make trade-offs.
D: government intervention is necessary.
答案: 【 they have to make trade-offs.】
56、单选题：
The Scarcity Principle applies to:
选项：
A: only non-market decisions, e.g., watching a sunset.
B: only the poor.
C: only market decisions, e.g., buying a car.
D: all decisions.
答案: 【 all decisions.】
57、单选题：
Chris has a one-hour break between classes every Wednesday. Chris can either stay at the library and study or go to the gym and work out. The decision Chris must make is:
选项：
A: not an economic problem because it's an hour that Chris has no matter what he does.
B: an economic problem because the tuition Chris pays covers the cost of both the gym and the library.
C: an economic problem because Chris has only one hour, and engaging in one activity means giving up the other.
D: not an economic problem because neither activity costs money.
答案: 【 an economic problem because Chris has only one hour, and engaging in one activity means giving up the other.】
58、单选题：
Choosing to study for an exam until the extra benefit (e.g., improved score) equals the extra cost (e.g., the value of foregone activities) is:
选项：
A: not rational because it ignores the importance of total benefits and total costs.
B: an application of the Cost-Benefit Principle.
C: not an economic choice.
D: an application of the Scarcity Principle.
答案: 【 an application of the Cost-Benefit Principle.】
59、单选题：
A rational person:
选项：
A: undertakes activities until the net benefits become less than zero.
B: makes choices based on total benefits and total costs.
C: considers the financial benefits and financial costs of making a choice.
D: makes choices based on added benefits and added costs.
答案: 【 makes choices based on added benefits and added costs.】
60、单选题：
Larry was accepted at three different graduate schools, and must choose one. Elite U costs $50,000 per year and did not offer Larry any financial aid. Larry values attending Elite U at $60,000 per year. State College costs $30,000 per year, and offered Larry an annual $10,000 scholarship. Larry values attending State College at $40,000 per year. NoName U costs $20,000 per year, and offered Larry a full $20,000 annual scholarship. Larry values attending NoName at $15,000 per year. Larry's opportunity cost of attending State College is:
选项：
A: $20,000
B: $35,000
C: $15,000
D: $30,000
答案: 【 $35,000】
61、单选题：
You are trying to decide whether to purchase the latest Harry Potter book online or borrow it from the library. There is no charge for borrowing a book from the library, but going to the library takes more time than ordering a book online. Regardless of how you get the book, its benefit to you is the same. If the cost of buying the book online is $13, then you should:
选项：
A: buy the book online because it takes less time.
B: borrow the book from the library because you can get it from the library for free.
C: borrow the book from the library if the cost of doing so (in terms of the extra time it takes) is greater than $13.
D: borrow the book from the library if the cost of doing so (in terms of the extra time it takes) is less than $13.
答案: 【 borrow the book from the library if the cost of doing so (in terms of the extra time it takes) is less than $13.】
62、单选题：
Alex received a four-year scholarship to State U. that covered tuition and fees, room and board, and books and supplies. If Alex becomes a full-time student, then:
选项：
A: the opportunity cost of attending State U. includes the sum of the benefits Alex would had from attending each of the other schools to which he was admitted.
B: the opportunity cost of attending State U. includes the money Alex could have earned working for four years.
C: attending State U. for four years is costless for Alex.
D: Alex has no incentive to study hard while at State U.
答案: 【 the opportunity cost of attending State U. includes the money Alex could have earned working for four years.】
63、单选题：
The cost-benefit model used by economists is:
选项：
A: useful because most people follow it most of the time.
B: useful because everyone follows it all of the time.
C: unrealistic because it is too detailed and specific to apply to most situations.
D: unrealistic because everyone can think of times when he or she violated the principle.
答案: 【 useful because most people follow it most of the time.】
64、单选题：
Moe has a big exam tomorrow. He considered studying this evening, but decided to hang out with Curly instead. If neither activity involves any explicit costs, and Moe always chooses rationally, it must be true that:
选项：
A: Moe gets more benefit from spending time with Curly than from studying.
B: Moe gets less benefit from spending time with Curly than from studying.
C: the opportunity cost of studying is less than the value Moe gets from spending time with Curly.
D: the opportunity cost of studying is greater than the value Moe gets from spending time with Curly.
答案: 【 Moe gets more benefit from spending time with Curly than from studying.】
65、单选题：
Matt has decided to purchase his textbooks for the semester. His options are to purchase the books online with next day delivery at a cost of $175, or to drive to campus tomorrow to buy the books at the university bookstore at a cost of $170. Last week he drove to campus to buy a concert ticket because they offered 25 percent off the regular price of $16. The benefit to Matt of driving to campus to buy the concert ticket last week was:
选项：
A: $2
B: $4
C: $16
D: $9
答案: 【 $4】
66、单选题：
For the Fall semester, you had to pay a nonrefundable fee of $600 for your meal plan, which gives you up to 150 meals. If you eat 100 meals, your average cost for a meal is:
选项：
A: $5.
B: $0.25.
C: $6.
D: $4.
答案: 【 $6.】
67、单选题：
You save $10 on gas every week because you take the bus to school. You have class 5 days a week. What is your average benefit per day of taking the bus to school?
选项：
A: $5
B: $0
C: $2
D: $10
答案: 【 $2】
68、单选题：
Ginger bought a phone that came with a $10 rebate. Ginger should fill out and mail in the rebate form if:
选项：
A: the opportunity cost of the time and trouble of sending in the rebate form is less than $10.
B: the opportunity cost of the time and trouble of sending in the rebate form is more than $10.
C: Ginger's surplus from purchasing the phone was less than $10.
D: she would have bought the phone without the rebate, and so sending in the rebate form involves no opportunity cost.
答案: 【 the opportunity cost of the time and trouble of sending in the rebate form is less than $10.】
69、单选题：
Suppose a retail store was offering 10% off list prices on all goods. The benefit of the 10% savings is:
选项：
A: negatively related to the list price of the good.
B: zero since costs and benefits shouldn't be measured proportionally.
C: unrelated to the list price of the good.
D: positively related to the list price of the good.
答案: 【 positively related to the list price of the good.】
70、单选题：
A firm pays Pam $40 per hour to assemble personal computers. Each day, Pam can assemble 4 computers if she works 1 hour, 7 computers if she works 2 hours, 9 computers if she works 3 hours, and 10 computers if she works 4 hours. Pam cannot work more than 4 hours day. Each computer consists of a motherboard, a hard drive, a case, a monitor, a keyboard, and a mouse. The total cost of these parts is $600 per computer. If the firm sells each computer for $650, then how many hours a day should the firm employ Pam to maximize its net benefit from her employment?
选项：
A: 3 hours
B: 4 hours
C: 1 hour
D: 2 hours
答案: 【 4 hours】
71、单选题：
Frank owns an apple farm and plans to spend 4 hours today picking apples. The number of apples he can pick per hour depends on the total number of hours he spends working in either the east orchard or the west orchard in the manner shown in the table below.
How should Frank divide his time between the east and the west orchard?
选项：
A: He should spend 1 hour in the east orchard and 3 hours in the west orchard.
B: He should spend 2 hours in east orchard and 2 hours in the west orchard.
C: He should spend 3 hours in the east orchard and 1 hour in the west orchard.
D: He should spend all 4 hours in the east orchard.
答案: 【 He should spend 3 hours in the east orchard and 1 hour in the west orchard.】
72、单选题：
Positive economic principles are those that:
选项：
A: indicate how people should behave.
B: are always correct.
C: are influenced by political ideology.
D: predict how people will behave.
答案: 【 predict how people will behave.】
73、单选题：
An editorial in the paper argues that a person only should be allowed to attend school if the marginal cost of educating that person is less than the marginal benefit of educating that person. The writer's reasoning is an application of:
选项：
A: normative economics.
B: positive economics.
C: negative economics.
D: economic naturalism.
答案: 【 normative economics.】
74、单选题：
Every time you go to the grocery store, you try to wait in the shortest line. But the lines always seem to be roughly the same length. Why?
选项：
A: The cashiers work at the same speed.
B: The cashiers do not have an incentive to work faster.
C: Random chance equalizes the length of the lines.
D: Other people are trying to choose the shortest line too.
答案: 【 Other people are trying to choose the shortest line too.】
75、单选题：
You have two options for how to spend the afternoon. You can either go see a movie with your roommate or work as a tutor for the Math Department. From experience, you know that going to see a movie gives you $20 worth of enjoyment, and with your student discount, a movie ticket only costs $12. If you spend the afternoon working as a math tutor, you will get paid $45. On a typical day, you wouldn't be willing to spend the afternoon working as a math tutor for less than $35. What is your opportunity cost of seeing a movie this afternoon?
选项：
A: $57
B: $12
C: $8
D: $22
答案: 【 $12】
76、单选题：
Economics is best defined as the study of:
选项：
A: how people make choices in the face of scarcity and the implications of those choices for society as a whole.
B: inflation, interest rates and the stock market.
C: supply and demand.
D: the financial concerns of businesses and individuals.
答案: 【 how people make choices in the face of scarcity and the implications of those choices for society as a whole.】
77、单选题：
The Scarcity Principle applies to:
选项：
A: consumers primarily.
B: firms primarily.
C: poor people primarily.
D: everyone.
答案: 【 everyone.】
78、单选题：
Whether studying the output of the U.S. economy or how many classes a student will take, an unifying concept is that:
选项：
A: wants are unlimited and resources are scarce, so trade-offs have to be made.
B: both wants and resources are unlimited.
C: wants are limited and resources are unlimited, so trade-offs have to be made.
D: wants are limited and resources are unlimited, so trade-offs are unnecessary.
答案: 【 wants are unlimited and resources are scarce, so trade-offs have to be made.】
79、单选题：
The Scarcity Principle tells us ________, and the Cost-Benefit Principle tells us ________.
选项：
A: how to make good choices; that choices involve costs and benefits
B: that good choices eliminate scarcity; how to make good choices
C: how to make choices; that choices must be made
D: that choices must be made; how to make good choices
答案: 【 that choices must be made; how to make good choices】
80、单选题：
Suppose that the extra cost to Tim of a third glass of soda is zero because he's at a restaurant that gives free refills. According to the Cost-Benefit Principle Tim should:
选项：
A: not drink a third glass of soda.
B: drink a third glass of soda if his total benefit from drinking soda is positive.
C: drink a third glass of soda.
D: drink a third glass of soda if the extra benefit of doing so is positive.
答案: 【 drink a third glass of soda if the extra benefit of doing so is positive.】
81、单选题：
Jen spends her afternoon at the beach, paying $1 to rent a beach umbrella and $11 for food and drinks rather than spending an equal amount of money to go to a movie. Her opportunity cost of going to the beach is:
选项：
A: the $12 she spent on the umbrella, food and drinks.
B: only $0 because she would have spent $12 to go to the movie.
C: the value she places on seeing the movie plus the $12 she spent on the umbrella, food and drinks.
D: the value she places on seeing the movie.
答案: 【 the value she places on seeing the movie.】
82、单选题：
Suppose Mary is willing to pay up to $15,000 for an used Ford pick-up truck. If she buys one for $12,000, her ________ would be ________.
选项：
A: benefit; $12,000
B: economic surplus; $12,000
C: cost; $15,000
D: economic surplus; $3,000
答案: 【 economic surplus; $3,000】
83、单选题：
Economists believe the Cost-Benefit Principle is:
选项：
A: a simple but useful model of how people should make choices.
B: of little use to those who wish to learn how to make better decisions.
C: a comprehensive description all the factors that influence people's choices.
D: an interesting intellectual exercise with little applicability to the real world.
答案: 【 a simple but useful model of how people should make choices.】
84、单选题：
Economists use abstract models because:
选项：
A: they are useful for describing general patterns of behavior.
B: computers have allowed economists to develop abstract models.
C: every economic situation is essentially the same, so specific details are unnecessary.
D: every economic situation is unique, so it is impossible to make generalizations.
答案: 【 they are useful for describing general patterns of behavior.】
85、单选题：
If one fails to account for implicit costs in decision making, then applying the cost-benefit rule will be flawed because:
选项：
A: the costs will be understated.
B: the benefits will be overstated.
C: the benefits will be understated.
D: the costs will be overstated.
答案: 【 the costs will be understated.】
86、单选题：
You paid $35 for a ticket (which is non-refundable) to see SPAM, a local rock band, in concert on Saturday. Assume that $35 is the most you would have been willing to pay for a ticket. Your boss called, and she is looking for someone to cover a shift on Saturday at the same time as the concert. You would have to work 4 hours and she would pay you $11/hr. The psychic cost to you of working is $2/hr. What is the opportunity cost of going to the concert?
选项：
A: $9
B: $35
C: $36
D: $1
答案: 【 $36】
87、单选题：
You paid $35 for a ticket (which is non-refundable) to see SPAM, a local rock band, in concert on Saturday. Assume that $35 is the most you would have been willing to pay for a ticket. Your boss called, and she is looking for someone to cover a shift on Saturday at the same time as the concert. You would have to work 4 hours and she would pay you $11/hr. The psychic cost to you of working is $2/hr. Your economic surplus from going to work instead of seeing SPAM on Saturday is:
选项：
A: $1
B: $36
C: $0
D: $35
答案: 【 $1】
88、单选题：
Matt has decided to purchase his textbooks for the semester. His options are to purchase the books online with next day delivery at a cost of $175, or to drive to campus tomorrow to buy the books at the university bookstore at a cost of $170. Last week he drove to campus to buy a concert ticket because they offered 25 percent off the regular price of $16. Given that driving to campus to buy the concert ticket was rational for Matt, Matt should:
选项：
A: drive to campus to buy the books because the books are cheaper at the bookstore than online.
B: not drive to campus to buy the books because the cost of gas and his time must certainly be more than the $5 he would save.
C: drive to campus to buy the books because the $5 he would save is more than he saved by driving to campus to buy the concert ticket.
D: not drive to campus to buy the books because the $5 he would save is only two percent of the cost of the books, and that is much less than the 25 percent he saved on the concert ticket.
答案: 【 drive to campus to buy the books because the $5 he would save is more than he saved by driving to campus to buy the concert ticket.】
89、单选题：
Suppose the total benefit of watching 1 baseball game is 100, the total benefit of watching 2 games is 120, and the total benefit of watching 3 games is 125. In this case, the marginal benefit of watching the 3rd game is:
选项：
A: 125
B: 41.67
C: 375
D: 5
答案: 【 5】
90、单选题：
Your scholarship depends on your maintaining a 3.5 cumulative GPA. Your GPA for last semester was 3.6, which brought your cumulative GPA down. What must be true?
选项：
A: Last semester's grades were higher than your overall GPA.
B: If this semester's grades are the same as last semester's, you might lose your scholarship.
C: If this semester's grades are the same as last semester's, your overall GPA will stay the same.
D: Last semester's grades were lower than your overall GPA.
答案: 【 Last semester's grades were lower than your overall GPA.】
91、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The average cost of 5 units of activity is:
选项：
A: $6
B: $8
C: $4
D: $10
答案: 【 $6】
92、单选题：
Tony notes that an electronics store is offering a flat $20 off all prices in the store. Tony reasons that if he wants to buy something with a price of $50, then it is a good offer, but if he wants to buy something with a price of $500, then it is not a good offer. This is an example of:
选项：
A: the proper application of the Cost-Benefit Principle.
B: inconsistent reasoning; saving $20 is saving $20.
C: rational choice because saving 40% is better than saving 4%.
D: inconsistent reasoning because prices are sunk costs.
答案: 【 inconsistent reasoning; saving $20 is saving $20.】
93、单选题：
The following table shows the relationship between the speed of a computer's CPU and its benefits and costs. Assume that all other features of the computer are the same (that is, CPU speed is the only source of variation), and only the CPU speeds listed below are available for purchase.
The total cost of a 2.5GHz computer is:
选项：
A: $100.
B: $1,000.
C: $900.
D: $200.
答案: 【 $1,000.】
94、单选题：
The following table shows the relationship between the speed of a computer's CPU and its benefits and costs. Assume that all other features of the computer are the same (that is, CPU speed is the only source of variation), and only the CPU speeds listed below are available for purchase.
The marginal cost of upgrading from a 2.5GHz to 3.0GHz computer is:
选项：
A: $300.
B: $200.
C: $100.
D: $400.
答案: 【 $200.】
95、单选题：
You won a free ticket to see the latest Star Trek movie this Friday night (which you can costlessly resell for its face value of $15). Your favorite band is also performing on Friday and is your only alternative activity. Friday is your last chance to see either the movie or the band. Tickets to see your favorite band cost $30, and on any given day, you would be willing to pay as much as $50 for a ticket. Based on this information, what is your opportunity cost of going to see the Star Trek movie on Friday?
选项：
A: $30
B: $35
C: $50
D: $0
答案: 【 $35】
96、单选题：
The table below shows the relationship between the number of times you get your car washed each month and your total monthly benefit from car washes. Each car wash costs $15.
What is the marginal cost of the 5th car wash each month?
选项：
A: $14
B: $12
C: $4
D: $15
答案: 【 $15】
97、单选题：
A study that deals with the salaries of university professors would be considered:
选项：
A: macroeconomics
B: economic naturalism
C: real economics
D: microeconomics
答案: 【 microeconomics】
98、单选题：
The field of economics that would be most concerned with a recent fall in interest rates is:
选项：
A: macroeconomics.
B: microeconomics.
C: economic naturalism.
D: marginal economics.
答案: 【 macroeconomics.】
99、单选题：
Pat can either drive to work, which takes half an hour and uses $1.50 worth of gas, or take the bus, which takes an hour and costs $1.00. How should Pat get to work?
选项：
A: Pat should drive because it saves half an hour relative to taking the bus.
B: Pat should drive if saving half an hour is worth $0.50 or more.
C: Pat should take the bus if saving half an hour is worth $0.50 or more.
D: Pat should take the bus because it costs $0.50 less than driving.
答案: 【 Pat should drive if saving half an hour is worth $0.50 or more.】
100、单选题：
You have two options for how to spend the afternoon. You can either go see a movie with your roommate or work as a tutor for the Math Department. From experience, you know that going to see a movie gives you $20 worth of enjoyment, and with your student discount, a movie ticket only costs $12. If you spend the afternoon working as a math tutor, you will get paid $45. On a typical day, you wouldn't be willing to spend the afternoon working as a math tutor for less than $35. Should you go see a movie or work as a math tutor?
选项：
A: You should go to the movies.
B: You should work as a math tutor.
C: You should do neither.
D: Both options are equally good.
答案: 【 You should work as a math tutor.】
101、单选题：
If all the world's resources were to magically increase one hundredfold, then:
选项：
A: people would still have to make trade-offs.
B: trade-offs would become unnecessary.
C: economics would no longer be relevant.
D: scarcity would disappear.
答案: 【 people would still have to make trade-offs.】
102、单选题：
Larry was accepted at three different graduate schools, and must choose one. Elite U costs $50,000 per year and did not offer Larry any financial aid. Larry values attending Elite U at $60,000 per year. State College costs $30,000 per year, and offered Larry an annual $10,000 scholarship. Larry values attending State College at $40,000 per year. NoName U costs $20,000 per year, and offered Larry a full $20,000 annual scholarship. Larry values attending NoName at $15,000 per year. What is Larry's economic surplus from attending State College instead of his next best alternative?
选项：
A: $10,000
B: $40,000
C: $20,000
D: $5,000
答案: 【 $5,000】
103、单选题：
The opportunity cost of an activity includes the value of:
选项：
A: the least-best alternative that must be foregone.
B: the chosen activity minus the value of the next-best alternative.
C: all of the alternatives that must be forgone.
D: the next-best alternative that must be foregone.
答案: 【 the next-best alternative that must be foregone.】
104、单选题：
Amy is thinking about going to the movies tonight. A movie ticket costs $15, and she'll have to cancel a $20 dog-sitting job that she would have been willing to do for free. The opportunity to Amy cost of going to the movies is:
选项：
A: $35.
B: $5.
C: $20.
D: $15.
答案: 【 $35.】
105、单选题：
If individuals are rational, they should choose actions that yield the:
选项：
A: smallest economic surplus.
B: smallest total costs.
C: largest total benefits.
D: largest economic surplus.
答案: 【 largest economic surplus.】
106、单选题：
Dividing the total cost of n units of an activity by n reveals the:
选项：
A: units per cost.
B: average cost.
C: average benefit.
D: marginal cost.
答案: 【 average cost.】
107、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The average benefit of 2 units of activity is:
选项：
A: $20
B: $40
C: $60
D: $80
答案: 【 $80】
108、单选题：
The table below shows how total donations, average donations, total labor costs and average labor costs vary depending on the number of employees State U hires for its fundraising activities.
The marginal cost of the 4th employee is:
选项：
A: $11,000.
B: $10,750.
C: $13,000.
D: $9,500.
答案: 【 $11,000.】
109、单选题：
A firm pays Pam $40 per hour to assemble personal computers. Each day, Pam can assemble 4 computers if she works 1 hour, 7 computers if she works 2 hours, 9 computers if she works 3 hours, and 10 computers if she works 4 hours. Pam cannot work more than 4 hours day. Each computer consists of a motherboard, a hard drive, a case, a monitor, a keyboard, and a mouse. The total cost of these parts is $600 per computer. If the firm sells each computer for $625, then how many hours a day should the firm employ Pam to maximize its net benefit from her employment?
选项：
A: 1 hour
B: 4 hours
C: 3 hours
D: 2 hours
答案: 【 3 hours】
110、单选题：
The following table shows the relationship between the speed of a computer's CPU and its benefits and costs. Assume that all other features of the computer are the same (that is, CPU speed is the only source of variation), and only the CPU speeds listed below are available for purchase.
Choosing a 3.5GHz computer would be irrational because:
选项：
A: its marginal benefit is equal to its marginal cost.
B: its marginal benefit is greater than its marginal cost.
C: its marginal benefit is less than its marginal cost.
D: it is impossible to tell the difference compared to a 3.0GHz computer.
答案: 【 its marginal benefit is less than its marginal cost.】
111、单选题：
The Scarcity Principle states that:
选项：
A: society will eventually run out of resources.
B: with limited resources, having more of one thing means having less of another.
C: some countries have fewer resources than others.
D: people don't have enough money to buy what they want.
答案: 【 with limited resources, having more of one thing means having less of another.】
112、单选题：
Jody has purchased a non-refundable $75 ticket to attend a Miley Cyrus concert on Friday night. Subsequently, she is asked to go to out dinner at no expense to her. If she uses cost-benefit analysis to choose between going to the concert and going out to dinner, the opportunity cost of going out to dinner should include:
选项：
A: only the cost of concert ticket.
B: neither the cost of the ticket nor the entertainment value of the concert.
C: only the entertainment value of the concert.
D: the cost of the ticket plus the entertainment value of the concert.
答案: 【 only the entertainment value of the concert.】
113、单选题：
An implication of scarcity is that:
选项：
A: people must make trade-offs.
B: people will never be happy.
C: some people will always be poor.
D: making trade-offs becomes unnecessary as wealth increases.
答案: 【 people must make trade-offs.】
114、单选题：
You want to buy a TV that regularly costs $250. You can either buy the TV from a nearby store or from a store that's downtown. Relative to going to the nearby store, driving downtown involves additional time and gas. The downtown store, however, has a 10% off sale this week. Last week you drove downtown to save $20 on some concert tickets, a 15% savings. Should you drive downtown to buy the TV?
选项：
A: No, because you will only save 10%, which is less than 15%.
B: No, because you will save more than $20.
C: Yes, because you will save more than $20.
D: Yes, because you will save 10%, which is better than nothing.
答案: 【 Yes, because you will save more than $20.】
115、单选题：
According to the Cost-Benefit Principle, you should go see the latest Star Wars movie with your friends this week-end if:
选项：
A: you can afford to go to the movies.
B: the extra benefits of seeing the movie are greater than the extra costs of seeing the movie.
C: you really like Star Wars.
D: the average benefit you get from going to the movies is greater than the average cost of a ticket.
答案: 【 the extra benefits of seeing the movie are greater than the extra costs of seeing the movie.】
116、单选题：
The table below shows the relationship between the number of times you get your car washed each month and your total monthly benefit from car washes. Each car wash costs $15.
What's the average benefit of 4 car washes per month?
选项：
A: $8
B: $12
C: $4
D: $14
答案: 【 $14】
117、单选题：
Janie must choose to either mow the lawn or wash clothes. If she mows the lawn, she will earn $30, and if she washes clothes, she will earn $45. She dislikes both tasks equally and they both take the same amount of time. Janie will therefore choose to ________ because it generates a ________ economic surplus.
选项：
A: mow the lawn; bigger
B: mow the law; smaller
C: wash clothes; smaller
D: wash clothes; bigger
答案: 【 wash clothes; bigger】
118、单选题：
Frank owns an apple farm and plans to spend 4 hours today picking apples. The number of apples he can pick per hour depends on the total number of hours he spends working in either the east orchard or the west orchard in the manner shown in the table below.
What is the opportunity cost to Frank of spending an additional hour picking apples in the East orchard?
选项：
A: 40 apples
B: 10 apples
C: 30 apples
D: 20 apples
答案: 【 10 apples】
119、单选题：
Dean should play golf instead of preparing for tomorrow's exam in economics if:
选项：
A: he is irrational.
B: the economic surplus from playing golf is greater than the economic surplus from studying.
C: Dean can play golf for free.
D: the benefit of golfing is greater than the benefit of studying.
答案: 【 the economic surplus from playing golf is greater than the economic surplus from studying.】
120、单选题：
According to the Incentive Principle:
选项：
A: people tend to do more of something when its benefits are greater.
B: benefits are more important than costs in making a decision.
C: it is irrational to perform volunteer services.
D: people will always take the highest-paying job they are offered.
答案: 【 people tend to do more of something when its benefits are greater.】
121、单选题：
Larry was accepted at three different graduate schools, and must choose one. Elite U costs $50,000 per year and did not offer Larry any financial aid. Larry values attending Elite U at $60,000 per year. State College costs $30,000 per year, and offered Larry an annual $10,000 scholarship. Larry values attending State College at $40,000 per year. NoName U costs $20,000 per year, and offered Larry a full $20,000 annual scholarship. Larry values attending NoName at $15,000 per year. Larry maximizes his economic surplus by attending:
选项：
A: State College.
B: NoName U because the annual cost is only $20,000.
C: NoName U because he has a full scholarship there.
D: Elite U.
答案: 【 State College.】
122、单选题：
Microeconomics differs from macroeconomics in that microeconomics focuses on:
选项：
A: the choices made by individuals the implications of those choices.
B: the performance of the entire economy.
C: government policies designed improve the performance of the national economy.
D: issues such as inflation, unemployment and economic growth.
答案: 【 the choices made by individuals the implications of those choices.】
123、单选题：
All else equal, relative to a person who earns minimum wage, a person who earns $30 per hour has:
选项：
A: the same opportunity cost of spending time on leisure activities.
B: a higher opportunity cost of working an additional hour.
C: a lower opportunity cost of driving farther to work.
D: a higher opportunity cost of taking the day off work.
答案: 【 a higher opportunity cost of taking the day off work.】
124、单选题：
The study of individual choice and its implications for the behavior of prices and quantities in individual markets is:
选项：
A: microeconomics.
B: macroeconomics.
C: the Scarcity Principle.
D: a normative economic principle.
答案: 【 microeconomics.】
125、单选题：
The economic surplus of an action is:
选项：
A: the benefit gained by taking an action.
B: the difference between the benefit and the cost of taking an action.
C: the difference the explicit and implicit costs of taking an action.
D: the money a person has left over after taking an action.
答案: 【 the difference between the benefit and the cost of taking an action.】
126、单选题：
An economic naturalist is someone who:
选项：
A: has an innate talent for using economic concepts.
B: applies economic insights to understand everyday life.
C: studies the process of natural selection in a cost-benefit framework.
D: uses economic arguments to protect the environment.
答案: 【 applies economic insights to understand everyday life.】
127、单选题：
Your classmates from the University of Chicago are planning to go to Miami for spring break, and you are undecided about whether you should go with them. The round-trip airfares are $600, but you have a frequent-flyer coupon worth $500 that you could use to pay part of the airfare. All other costs for the vacation are exactly $900. The most you would be willing to pay for the trip is $1400. Your only alternative use for your frequent-flyer coupon is for your trip to Atlanta two weeks after the break to attend your sister's graduation, which your parents are forcing you to attend. The Chicago-Atlanta round-trip airfares are $450. If the Chicago-Atlanta round-trip air fare were $350, should you use the coupon to go to Miami?
选项：
A: No, your economic surplus would be -$100.
B: No, your economic surplus would be -$50.
C: Yes, your economic surplus would be $50.
D: Yes, your economic surplus would be $400.
答案: 【 Yes, your economic surplus would be $50.】
128、单选题：
You have two options for how to spend the afternoon. You can either go see a movie with your roommate or work as a tutor for the Math Department. From experience, you know that going to see a movie gives you $20 worth of enjoyment, and with your student discount, a movie ticket only costs $12. If you spend the afternoon working as a math tutor, you will get paid $45. On a typical day, you wouldn't be willing to spend the afternoon working as a math tutor for less than $35. What is your economic surplus from working as a math tutor instead of going to the movies?
选项：
A: $8
B: $57
C: $2
D: $22
答案: 【 $2】
129、单选题：
You paid $35 for a ticket (which is non-refundable) to see SPAM, a local rock band, in concert on Saturday. Assume that $35 is the most you would have been willing to pay for a ticket. Your boss called, and she is looking for someone to cover a shift on Saturday at the same time as the concert. You would have to work 4 hours and she would pay you $11/hr. The psychic cost to you of working is $2/hr. What is your opportunity cost of going to work on Saturday?
选项：
A: $36
B: $0
C: $35
D: $9
答案: 【 $35】
130、单选题：
Matt has decided to purchase his textbooks for the semester. His options are to purchase the books online with next day delivery at a cost of $175, or to drive to campus tomorrow to buy the books at the university bookstore at a cost of $170. Last week he drove to campus to buy a concert ticket because they offered 25 percent off the regular price of $16. The benefit to Matt of buying his books at the university bookstore instead of online is:
选项：
A: $170
B: $5
C: $9
D: $175
答案: 【 $5】
131、单选题：
Matt has decided to purchase his textbooks for the semester. His options are to purchase the books online with next day delivery at a cost of $175, or to drive to campus tomorrow to buy the books at the university bookstore at a cost of $170. Last week he drove to campus to buy a concert ticket because they offered 25 percent off the regular price of $16. Assume the minimum that Matt would be willing to accept to drive to campus is equal to the $4 he saved on the concert ticket. What would his economic surplus be if he bought his textbooks at the university bookstore rather than online?
选项：
A: $1
B: $20
C: $5
D: $50
答案: 【 $1】
132、单选题：
Suppose the marginal cost of the 1st hour of talking on the phone is $50, the marginal cost of the 2nd hour is $75, and the marginal cost of the 3rd hour is $105. In this case, the total cost of talking on the phone for 3 hours is:
选项：
A: $315
B: $150
C: $230
D: $105
答案: 【 $230】
133、单选题：
The extra benefit that results from carrying out one additional unit of an activity is the ________ of the activity.
选项：
A: average benefit
B: marginal benefit
C: economic benefit
D: total benefit
答案: 【 marginal benefit】
134、单选题：
The average benefit of n units of an activity is the:
选项：
A: total benefit of n units divided by n.
B: n times the total benefit of n units.
C: extra benefit from carrying out one additional unit of the activity.
D: n divided by the total benefit of n units.
答案: 【 total benefit of n units divided by n.】
135、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The average cost of 4 units of this activity is:
选项：
A: $40
B: $25
C: $30
D: $20
答案: 【 $25】
136、单选题：
Forest lives in complete isolation in Montana. He is self-sufficient and feeds himself through hunting, fishing, and farming. Which of the following statements about Forest is true?
选项：
A: Forest is not required to make trade-offs because he is self-sufficient.
B: Forest has unlimited resources.
C: Forest doesn't have to consider costs and benefits.
D: Forest has to make trade-offs.
答案: 【 Forest has to make trade-offs.】
137、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The marginal cost of the 3rd unit of this activity is:
选项：
A: $10
B: $30
C: $20
D: $25
答案: 【 $20】
138、单选题：
Josh wants to go to the football game this weekend, but he has a paper due on Monday. It will take him the whole weekend to write the paper. Josh decides to stay home and work on the paper. According to the Scarcity Principle, the reason Josh doesn't go to the game is that:
选项：
A: Josh can't go the game and finish the paper.
B: Josh prefers schoolwork to football games.
C: going to the game won't be fun.
D: writing the paper is easier than going to the game.
答案: 【 Josh can't go the game and finish the paper.】
139、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The marginal cost of the 4th unit of activity is:
选项：
A: $10
B: $5
C: $8
D: $6
答案: 【 $8】
140、单选题：
The Cost-Benefit Principle indicates that an action should be taken if:
选项：
A: its average benefits exceed its average costs.
B: its extra benefit is greater than or equal to its extra cost.
C: its total benefits exceed its total costs.
D: its net benefit (benefit minus cost) is zero.
答案: 【 its extra benefit is greater than or equal to its extra cost.】
141、单选题：
Refer to the table below. The marginal benefit of the 6th unit of activity is:
选项：
A: $4
B: $7
C: $1
D: $2
答案: 【 $2】
142、单选题：
If a person takes an action if, and only if, the extra benefits from taking that action exceed the extra costs, then that person is:
选项：
A: not rational.
B: following the Cost-Benefit Principle.
C: following the Scarcity Principle.
D: not following the Cost-Benefit Principle.
答案: 【 following the Cost-Benefit Principle.】
143、单选题：
The table below shows the relationship between the number of times you get your car washed each month and your total monthly benefit from car washes. Each car wash costs $15.
How many times a month should you get your car washed?
选项：
A: 1
B: 3
C: 2
D: 4
答案: 【 2】
第二讲比较优势
课后测验
1、单选题：
An individual has an absolute advantage in producing pizzas if that individual:
选项：
A: has a lower opportunity cost of producing pizzas than anyone else.
B: can produce more pizzas in a given amount of time than anyone else.
C: has a higher opportunity cost of producing pizzas than anyone else.
D: charges the lowest price for pizzas.
答案: 【 can produce more pizzas in a given amount of time than anyone else.】
2、单选题：
If Al has an absolute advantage over Beth in preparing meals, then:
选项：
A: it takes Al more time to prepare a meal than Beth.
B: the problem of scarcity applies to Beth but not to Al.
C: Al's opportunity cost of preparing a meal is lower than is Beth's.
D: Al can prepare more meals in a given time period than Beth.
答案: 【 Al can prepare more meals in a given time period than Beth.】
3、单选题：
If Les can produce two pairs of pants per hour while Eva can produce one pair per hour, then it must be true that:
选项：
A: Les has a comparative advantage in producing pants.
B: Les has an absolute advantage in producing pants.
C: Eva has a comparative advantage in producing pants.
D: Les has both comparative and absolute advantage in producing pants.
答案: 【 Les has an absolute advantage in producing pants.】
4、单选题：
If a nation can produce a more computers per year than any other nation, that nation has a(n) ______ advantage in the production of computers.
选项：
A: comparative
B: absolute
C: relative
D: natural
答案: 【 absolute】
5、单选题：
If you have a comparative advantage in a particular task, then:
选项：
A: you are better at it than other people.
B: you give up more to accomplish that task than do others.
C: you give up less to accomplish that task than do others.
D: you have specialized in that task, while others have not.
答案: 【 you give up less to accomplish that task than do others.】
6、单选题：
Larry has a comparative advantage over his classmates in writing term papers if he:
选项：
A: can write term papers faster than his classmates.
B: has an absolute advantage in writing term papers.
C: always earns an A on his term papers.
D: has a lower opportunity cost of writing term papers than his classmates.
答案: 【 has a lower opportunity cost of writing term papers than his classmates.】
7、单选题：
If a nation has the lowest opportunity cost of producing a good, that nation has a(n) ______ in the production of that good.
选项：
A: comparative advantage
B: absolute advantage
C: comparative advantage and an absolute advantage
D: absolute advantage and possibly a comparative advantage.
答案: 【 comparative advantage】
8、单选题：
Which of the following statements is true?
选项：
A: Absolute advantage implies comparative advantage.
B: Comparative advantage does not require absolute advantage.
C: Absolute advantage requires comparative advantage.
D: Comparative advantage requires absolute advantage.
答案: 【 Comparative advantage does not require absolute advantage.】
9、单选题：
If Jane can produce 3 pairs of shoes per hour, while Bob can produce 2, then ______ has a(n) ______ advantage in producing shoes.
选项：
A: Jane; absolute
B: Jane; comparative
C: Bob; absolute
D: Bob; comparative
答案: 【 Jane; absolute】
10、单选题：
Refer to the table below. According to the table, Martha has the absolute advantage in:
选项：
A: pies.
B: neither pies nor cakes.
C: cakes.
D: both pies and cakes.
答案: 【 neither pies nor cakes.】
11、单选题：
Refer to the table below. According to the table, Julia has the absolute advantage in:
选项：
A: pies.
B: neither pies nor cakes.
C: cakes.
D: both pies and cakes.
答案: 【 both pies and cakes.】
12、单选题：
Refer to the table below. Martha's opportunity cost of making of a pie is:
选项：
A: 3/4 of a cake.
B: 4/3 of a cake.
C: 8 cakes.
D: 80 cakes.
答案: 【 3/4 of a cake.】
13、单选题：
Refer to the table below. Martha's opportunity cost of making a cake is:
选项：
A: 3/4 of a pie.
B: 4/3 of a pie.
C: 6 pies.
D: 60 pies.
答案: 【 4/3 of a pie.】
14、单选题：
Refer to the table below. Julia's opportunity cost of making a pie is:
选项：
A: 60 cakes
B: 6 cakes
C: 6/5 of a cake
D: 5/6 of a cake
答案: 【 5/6 of a cake】
15、单选题：
Refer to the table below. Julia's opportunity cost of making a cake is:
选项：
A: 60 pies
B: 6 pies
C: 6/5 of a pie
D: 5/6 of a pie
答案: 【 6/5 of a pie】
16、单选题：
Refer to the table above. ______ has the comparative advantage in making pies and ______ the comparative advantage in making cakes.
选项：
A: Martha; Martha
B: Julia; Julia
C: Martha; Julia
D: Julia; Martha
答案: 【 Martha; Julia】
17、单选题：
Refer to the table below. Based on their comparative advantage, Martha should specialize in _______ while Julia should specialize in _______.
选项：
A: pies; cakes
B: cakes; pies
C: neither pies nor cakes; both pies and cakes
D: both pies and cakes; neither pies nor cakes
答案: 【 pies; cakes】
18、单选题：
Suppose it takes Dan 5 minutes to make a sandwich and 15 minutes to make a smoothie, and it takes Tracy 6 minutes to make a sandwich and 12 minutes to make a smoothie. What is the opportunity cost to Dan of making a sandwich?
选项：
A: 1/3 of a smoothie
B: 3 smoothies
C: 15 smoothies
D: 5 smoothies
答案: 【 1/3 of a smoothie】
19、单选题：
Suppose it takes Dan 5 minutes to make a sandwich and 15 minutes to make a smoothie, and it takes Tracy 6 minutes to make a sandwich and 12 minutes to make a smoothie. Which of the following statements is correct?
选项：
A: Dan has the comparative advantage in smoothies, but Tracy has the absolute advantage in smoothies.
B: Dan has the comparative and absolute advantage in sandwiches.
C: Dan has the comparative and absolute advantage in smoothies.
D: Dan has the comparative advantage in sandwiches, but Tracy has the absolute advantage in sandwiches.
答案: 【 Dan has the comparative and absolute advantage in sandwiches.】
20、单选题：
Suppose it takes Dan 5 minutes to make a sandwich and 15 minutes to make a smoothie, and it takes Tracy 6 minutes to make a sandwich and 12 minutes to make a smoothie. Which of the following statements is correct?
选项：
A: Tracy should specialize in sandwiches and smoothies.
B: Dan should specialize in smoothies, and Tracy should specialize in sandwiches.
C: Dan should specialize in sandwiches, and Tracy should specialize in smoothies.
D: Dan should specialize in both sandwiches and smoothies.
答案: 【 Dan should specialize in smoothies, and Tracy should specialize in sandwiches.】
21、单选题：
Suppose it takes Paul 3 hours to bake a cake and 2 hours to move the lawn, and suppose it takes Tom 2 hours to bake a cake and 1 hour to mow the lawn. Which of the following statements is correct?
选项：
A: Paul has the absolute advantage in baking cakes.
B: Paul has the comparative in mowing the lawn.
C: Paul has the comparative in baking cakes.
D: Paul has the absolute advantage in mowing the lawn.
答案: 【 Paul has the comparative in baking cakes.】
课后测验2
1、单选题：
Dent 'n' Scratch Used Cars and Trucks employs 3 salesmen. Data for their sales last month are shown in this table:
Based on last month's data, Larry's opportunity cost of selling a truck is selling:
选项：
A: 1/2 of a car.
B: 1 car.
C: 2 cars.
D: 10 cars.
答案: 【 2 cars.】
2、单选题：
Dent 'n' Scratch Used Cars and Trucks employs 3 salesmen. Data for their sales last month are shown in this table:
Based on last month's data, Joe's opportunity cost of selling a truck is selling:
选项：
A: 4 cars.
B: 1/3 of a car.
C: 9 cars.
D: 1 car.
答案: 【 1 car.】
3、单选题：
Dent 'n' Scratch Used Cars and Trucks employs 3 salesmen. Data for their sales last month are shown in this table:
Based on last month's data, Ralph's opportunity cost of selling a truck is selling:
选项：
A: 1/4 of a car.
B: 3 cars.
C: 4 cars.
D: 1/3 of a car.
答案: 【 1/4 of a car.】
4、单选题：
Dent 'n' Scratch Used Cars and Trucks employs 3 salesmen. Data for their sales last month are shown in this table:
Based on last month's data, Joe's opportunity cost of selling a car is ________ than Ralph's, and Joe's opportunity cost of selling a car is ________ than Larry's.
选项：
A: less; greater
B: less; less
C: greater; greater
D: greater; less
答案: 【 less; greater】
5、单选题：
Dent 'n' Scratch Used Cars and Trucks employs 3 salesmen. Data for their sales last month are shown in this table:
Based on last month's data, ________ should specialize in truck sales, and ________ should specialize in car sales.
选项：
A: Larry; Ralph
B: Larry; Joe
C: Joe; Ralph
D: Ralph; Larry
答案: 【 Ralph; Larry】
6、单选题：
The textbook notes that the last time a major league batter hit .400 was in 1941. This is because:
选项：
A: baseball diamonds have become larger.
B: the league imposes harsh penalties for steroid use.
C: the average quality of batters has fallen.
D: specialization by pitchers, infielders, and outfielders has made it harder for batters to hit.
答案: 【 specialization by pitchers, infielders, and outfielders has made it harder for batters to hit.】
7、单选题：
Ginger and Maryann are lost in the jungle, where the only things to eat are mangoes and fish. Ginger can gather more mangoes per hour than Maryann and can also catch more fish per hour than can Maryann. Therefore:
选项：
A: Ginger should specialize in the activity for which she has an absolute advantage.
B: Maryann should specialize in the activity for which she has a comparative advantage.
C: There are no gains to specialization and trade for Maryann.
D: There are no gains to specialization and trade for Ginger.
答案: 【 Maryann should specialize in the activity for which she has a comparative advantage.】
8、单选题：
In general, individuals and nations should specialize in producing those goods for which they have a(n):
选项：
A: absolutely comparative advantage.
B: comparative advantage.
C: absolute advantage and a comparative advantage.
D: absolute advantage.
答案: 【 comparative advantage.】
9、单选题：
In general, individuals and nations should specialize in producing goods ________ other individuals or nations.
选项：
A: for which they have a lower opportunity cost compared to
B: that they can produce more quickly than
C: that they can produce less quickly than
D: for which they have a higher opportunity cost compared to
答案: 【 for which they have a lower opportunity cost compared to】
10、单选题：
A country is most likely to have a comparative advantage in the production of cars if:
选项：
A: it has strict environmental protection laws governing automobile emissions.
B: it imports most of the raw materials necessary to produce cars.
C: its citizens prefer driving cars to other forms of transportation.
D: it has a relative abundance in the natural resources needed to produce cars.
答案: 【 it has a relative abundance in the natural resources needed to produce cars.】
11、单选题：
The United States generally has a comparative advantage in the development of technology because it has:
选项：
A: large amounts of natural resources.
B: a disproportionate share of the world's best research universities.
C: patent laws, which no other country has.
D: the greatest need for new technology.
答案: 【 a disproportionate share of the world's best research universities.】
12、单选题：
The emergence of English as the de facto world language has ________ a comparative advantage in the production of books, movies and popular music:
选项：
A: given non-English-speaking countries
B: given English-speaking countries
C: had no effect on which country has
D: given all countries
答案: 【 given non-English-speaking countries】
13、单选题：
The United States was unable to maintain its dominance in the production of televisions because:
选项：
A: the raw materials necessary to build televisions became scarce in the United States.
B: automated techniques allowed production to be outsourced to countries with less-skilled workers.
C: the highly technical skills necessary to produce televisions are greater in other countries.
D: the product designs evolved too rapidly for engineers in the United States to keep up.
答案: 【 automated techniques allowed production to be outsourced to countries with less-skilled workers.】
14、单选题：
A graph that illustrates the maximum amount of one good that can be produced for every possible level of production of the other good is called a(n):
选项：
A: supply curve.
B: production possibilities curve.
C: production function.
D: consumption possibilities curve.
答案: 【 production possibilities curve.】
15、单选题：
The production possibilities curve shows:
选项：
A: the maximum production of one good for every possible production level of the other good.
B: how increasing the resources used to produce one good increases the production of the other good.
C: how increasing the production of one good allows production of the other good to also rise.
D: the minimum production of one good for every possible production level of the other good.
答案: 【 the maximum production of one good for every possible production level of the other good.】
16、单选题：
Points that lie outside the production possibilities curve are ________, and points that lie inside the production possibilities curve are ________.
选项：
A: efficient; inefficient
B: attainable; unattainable
C: unattainable; attainable
D: inefficient; efficient
答案: 【 unattainable; attainable】
17、单选题：
Points that lie beneath the production possibilities curve are:
选项：
A: attainable but inefficient
B: attainable and efficient
C: unattainable and inefficient
D: unattainable but efficient
答案: 【 attainable but inefficient】
18、单选题：
If a country is producing at point where an increase in the production of one good requires a reduction in the production of another good, then it must be producing at an:
选项：
A: unattainable point.
B: efficient point.
C: inefficient point.
D: undesirable point.
答案: 【 efficient point.】
19、单选题：
Suppose Colin brews beer and makes cheese. If Colin can increase his production of beer without decreasing his production of cheese, then he is producing at an:
选项：
A: ideal point.
B: efficient point.
C: unattainable point.
D: inefficient point.
答案: 【 inefficient point.】
20、单选题：
The downward slope of the production possibilities curve illustrates the:
选项：
A: Principle of Comparative Advantage.
B: Cost-Benefit Principle.
C: Scarcity Principle.
D: Incentive Principle.
答案: 【 Scarcity Principle.】
21、单选题：
The figure below shows the production possibilities curve for the island of Genovia:
The opportunity cost of producing a car in Genovia is:
选项：
A: 50 tons of agricultural products.
B: 5,000 tons of agricultural products.
C: 500 tons of agricultural products.
D: 5 tons of agricultural products.
答案: 【 50 tons of agricultural products.】
22、单选题：
The figure below shows the production possibilities curve for the island of Genovia:
The opportunity cost of producing one ton of agricultural products in Genovia is:
选项：
A: 1 car.
B: 1/5 of a car.
C: 1/50 of a car.
D: 1,000 cars.
答案: 【 1/50 of a car.】
23、单选题：
The figure below shows the production possibilities curve for the island of Genovia:
If 500 cars are produced in Genovia, a maximum of ________ tons of agricultural products can be produced.
选项：
A: 45,000
B: 50,000
C: 25,000
D: 40,000
答案: 【 25,000】
24、单选题：
The slope of a production possibilities curve is ________ because ________.
选项：
A: negative; producing less of one good requires producing less of the other
B: positive; producing more of one good requires producing less of the other
C: negative; producing more of one good requires producing less of the other
D: positive; producing more of one good requires producing more of the other
答案: 【 negative; producing more of one good requires producing less of the other】
25、单选题：
The figure below shows Becky's daily production possibilities curve for dresses and skirts.
The maximum number of dresses that Becky can make in a day is represented by point:
选项：
A: W
B: V
C: T
D: U
答案: 【 W】
26、单选题：
The figure below shows Becky's daily production possibilities curve for dresses and skirts.
The maximum number of skirts that Becky can make in a day is represented by point:
选项：
A: V
B: Z
C: U
D: T
答案: 【 V】
27、单选题：
The figure below shows Becky's daily production possibilities curve for dresses and skirts.
Point U is:
选项：
A: efficient.
B: unattainable.
C: inefficient.
D: attainable.
答案: 【 unattainable.】
28、单选题：
The figure below shows Becky's daily production possibilities curve for dresses and skirts.
Of the labeled points, only ________ are attainable.
选项：
A: W, X, Y, Z, V, and T
B: X, Y, and Z
C: W, X, Y, Z, and V
D: T and U
答案: 【 W, X, Y, Z, V, and T】
29、单选题：
The figure below shows Becky's daily production possibilities curve for dresses and skirts.
Of the labeled points, only ________ are efficient.
选项：
A: W, X, Y, Z, and V
B: X, Y, and Z
C: W, X, Y, Z, V, and T
D: T and U
答案: 【 W, X, Y, Z, and V】
30、单选题：
The figure below shows Becky's daily production possibilities curve for dresses and skirts.
Point T is:
选项：
A: efficient
B: both attainable and efficient
C: neither attainable nor efficient
D: attainable
答案: 【 attainable】
31、单选题：
The figure below shows Becky's daily production possibilities curve for dresses and skirts.
Point Y is ________, and point V is ________.
选项：
A: efficient; inefficient
B: inefficient; efficient
C: inefficient; inefficient
D: efficient; efficient
答案: 【 efficient; efficient】
32、单选题：
The figure below shows Becky's daily production possibilities curve for dresses and skirts.
Relative to point X, at point Y:
选项：
A: more dresses and more skirts are produced.
B: more dresses and fewer skirts are produced.
C: more skirts and fewer dresses are produced.
D: fewer skirts and fewer dresses are produced.
答案: 【 more skirts and fewer dresses are produced.】
33、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. For Pat, the opportunity cost of removing one bag of trash is planting:
选项：
A: 1/100 of a bulb.
B: 5 bulbs.
C: 100 bulbs.
D: 1/5 of a bulb.
答案: 【 5 bulbs.】
34、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. For Pat, the opportunity cost of planting one bulb is removing:
选项：
A: 1/5 of a bag of trash.
B: 20 bags of trash.
C: 1/20 of a bag of trash.
D: 5 bags of trash.
答案: 【 1/5 of a bag of trash.】
35、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. For Chris, the opportunity cost of removing one bag of trash is planting:
选项：
A: 25 bulbs.
B: 1/25 of a bulb.
C: 1/3 of a bulb.
D: 3 bulbs.
答案: 【 3 bulbs.】
36、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. For Chris, the opportunity cost of planting one bulb is removing:
选项：
A: 1/3 of a bag of trash.
B: 3 bags of trash.
C: 1/25 of a bag of trash.
D: 25 bags of trash.
答案: 【 1/3 of a bag of trash.】
37、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. If Pat and Chris were to specialize in the task in which each has a comparative advantage:
选项：
A: Pat and Chris would each spend half of their time each task.
B: Chris would plant bulbs and Pat would remove trash.
C: Chris would remove trash and Pat would plant bulbs.
D: both Pat and Chris would plant bulbs because they both have an absolute advantage in that task.
答案: 【 Chris would remove trash and Pat would plant bulbs.】
38、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. If Pat and Chris each spend half their time on each task, then:
选项：
A: the outcome will be efficient.
B: they will plant more bulbs and remove fewer bags of trash than if they had each specialized in the task at which they have a comparative advantage.
C: the outcome will be unattainable.
D: they will plant fewer bulbs and remove fewer bags of trash than if they each had specialized in the task at which they have a comparative advantage.
答案: 【 they will plant fewer bulbs and remove fewer bags of trash than if they each had specialized in the task at which they have a comparative advantage.】
39、单选题：
On a graph of a production possibilities curve, if a point is attainable, then it:
选项：
A: is efficient only if it does not exhaust all currently available resources.
B: must be efficient.
C: might or might not be efficient.
D: must completely exhaust all currently available resources.
答案: 【 might or might not be efficient.】
40、单选题：
Any combination of goods that can be produced with currently available resources is an:
选项：
A: inefficient point.
B: attainable point.
C: efficient point.
D: attainable and efficient point.
答案: 【 attainable point.】
41、单选题：
On a graph of a production possibilities curve, an inefficient point is:
选项：
A: necessarily an attainable point.
B: possibly an unattainable point.
C: necessarily an unattainable point.
D: not necessarily an attainable point.
答案: 【 necessarily an attainable point.】
42、单选题：
Consider a graph of a production possibilities curve. If a producer is operating at an inefficient point, then that producer:
选项：
A: can produce more of one good without producing less of the other good.
B: cannot produce more of one good without giving up some of the other good.
C: must be specializing in activities for which it has a comparative advantage.
D: must be at an unattainable point on the production possibilities curve.
答案: 【 can produce more of one good without producing less of the other good.】
43、单选题：
Points that lie below the production possibilities curve are inefficient because:
选项：
A: more of one good could be produced without producing less of the other.
B: producers face scarcity.
C: producing more of one good means producing less of the other.
D: too many goods are being produced.
答案: 【 more of one good could be produced without producing less of the other.】
44、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. Growing 1,000 bushels of wheat and no bushels of corn each year is:
选项：
A: efficient and attainable.
B: efficient but unattainable.
C: inefficient and unattainable.
D: inefficient but attainable.
答案: 【 efficient and attainable.】
45、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. It is efficient for this farmer to:
选项：
A: grow 500 bushels of wheat and 250 bushels of corn.
B: grow 500 bushels of wheat and 500 bushels of corn.
C: grow 1000 bushels of wheat and 500 bushels of corn.
D: grow 250 bushels of wheat and 500 bushels of corn.
答案: 【 grow 500 bushels of wheat and 250 bushels of corn.】
46、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. The opportunity cost of producing one bushel of corn is:
选项：
A: 250 bushels of wheat.
B: 500 bushels of wheat.
C: 2 bushels of wheat.
D: ½ of a bushel of wheat.
答案: 【 2 bushels of wheat.】
47、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. The opportunity cost of producing one bushel of wheat is:
选项：
A: 2 bushels of corn.
B: 500 bushels of corn.
C: 1,000 bushels of corn.
D: ½ of a bushel of corn.
答案: 【 ½ of a bushel of corn.】
48、单选题：
If a given production combination is known to be attainable, then it:
选项：
A: must be on the production possibilities curve.
B: must be an efficient point.
C: could be either an inefficient or efficient point.
D: must be an inefficient point.
答案: 【 could be either an inefficient or efficient point.】
49、单选题：
If a given production combination is efficient, then it must be:
选项：
A: on the production possibilities curve.
B: above the production possibilities curve.
C: either an attainable or unattainable point.
D: below the production possibilities curve.
答案: 【 on the production possibilities curve.】
50、单选题：
Working efficiently, Jordan can write 3 essays and outline 4 chapters each week. It must be true that:
选项：
A: 2 essays and 3 chapter outlines would be efficient.
B: 3 essays and 5 chapter outlines would be unattainable.
C: 4 essays and 3 chapter outlines would be both attainable and efficient.
D: 6 essays and 0 chapter outlines would be unattainable.
答案: 【 3 essays and 5 chapter outlines would be unattainable.】
51、单选题：
Assume point A on a linear production possibilities curve represents the combination of 12 coffees and 3 cappuccinos, and point B represents 3 coffees and 6 cappuccinos. Suppose coffees are on the vertical axis and cappuccinos are on the horizontal axis. The absolute value of the slope of the production possibilities curve between points A and B equals:
选项：
A: 4
B: 1/3
C: 3
D: 6
答案: 【 3】
52、单选题：
Assume point A on a linear production possibilities curve represents the combination of 12 coffees and 3 cappuccinos, and point B represents 3 coffees and 6 cappuccinos. Suppose coffees are on the vertical axis and cappuccinos are on the horizontal axis. The opportunity cost of a cup of coffee is:
选项：
A: 3 cappuccinos.
B: 1/3 of a cappuccino.
C: 6 cappuccinos.
D: 9 cappuccinos.
答案: 【 1/3 of a cappuccino.】
53、单选题：
Generally, on a linear two-good production possibilities curve, the opportunity cost of the good measured on the vertical axis is:
选项：
A: the negative of the opportunity cost of the good measured on the horizontal axis.
B: one minus the opportunity cost of the good measured on the horizontal axis.
C: the absolute value of the slope of the production possibilities curve.
D: the reciprocal of the opportunity cost of the good measured on the horizontal axis.
答案: 【 the reciprocal of the opportunity cost of the good measured on the horizontal axis.】
54、单选题：
If a linear, two-good production possibilities curve has a slope of ‒2, then:
选项：
A: you have an absolute advantage in the good measured on the vertical axis.
B: you have a comparative advantage in the good measured on the vertical axis.
C: having an additional unit of the good measured on the vertical axis means giving up ½ of an unit of the good measured on the horizontal axis.
D: having an additional unit of the good measured on the vertical axis means giving up 2 units of the good measured on the horizontal axis.
答案: 【 having an additional unit of the good measured on the vertical axis means giving up ½ of an unit of the good measured on the horizontal axis.】
55、单选题：
The idea that tradeoffs have to be made when resources are scarce is reflected in the fact that:
选项：
A: points below the production possibilities curve are inefficient.
B: points below the production possibilities curve are efficient.
C: the production possibilities curve has a negative slope.
D: the slope of a linear production possibilities is constant.
答案: 【 the production possibilities curve has a negative slope.】
56、单选题：
In a two-person, two-good economy, the gains to specialization will be larger when:
选项：
A: neither person has an absolute advantage.
B: there are small differences between the individuals in their opportunity costs of producing the two goods.
C: there are large differences between the individuals in their opportunity costs of producing the two goods.
D: one person has an absolute advantage in both goods.
答案: 【 there are large differences between the individuals in their opportunity costs of producing the two goods.】
57、单选题：
According to the Principle of Increasing Opportunity Cost, in expanding the production of any good, we should start by utilizing the resources that:
选项：
A: have the lowest opportunity cost.
B: we have the least of.
C: have the highest opportunity cost.
D: we have the most of.
答案: 【 have the lowest opportunity cost.】
58、单选题：
Smith and Jones comprise a two-person economy. Their hourly rates of production are shown below.
The opportunity cost of making a calculator for Smith is ________ and for Jones it is ________.
选项：
A: 0.6 computers; 1.2 computers
B: 10 computers; 20 computers
C: 1 computer; 0.5 computers
D: 0.10 computers; 0.05 computers
答案: 【 0.10 computers; 0.05 computers】
59、单选题：
Smith and Jones comprise a two-person economy. Their hourly rates of production are shown below.
If Smith and Jones devote all of their resources to producing computers, then the maximum number of computers they can produce in an hour is:
选项：
A: 16.
B: 10.
C: 120.
D: 6.
答案: 【 16.】
60、单选题：
Smith and Jones comprise a two-person economy. Their hourly rates of production are shown below.
Suppose Smith and Jones begin by producing 16 computers and 0 calculators per hour. If they wish to produce 14 computers and 40 calculators per hour efficiently, then Smith should spend ________, and Jones should spend ________.
选项：
A: 45 minutes on computers and 15 on calculators; 1 hour on calculators
B: 1 hour on computers; 20 minutes on computers and 40 minutes on calculators
C: 30 minutes on each; 30 minutes on each
D: 1 hour on computers; 40 minutes on computers and 20 minutes on calculators
答案: 【 1 hour on computers; 40 minutes on computers and 20 minutes on calculators】
61、单选题：
Smith and Jones comprise a two-person economy. Their hourly rates of production are shown below.
Suppose Smith and Jones begin by producing 0 computers and 220 calculators per hour. If they wish to produce 2 computers and 200 calculators per hour efficiently, then Smith should spend ________, and Jones should spend ________.
选项：
A: 12 minutes on computers and 48 minutes on calculators; 1 hour on calculators
B: 1 hour on calculators; 10 minutes on computers and 50 minutes on calculators
C: 48 minutes on computers and 12 minutes on calculators; 1 hour on calculators
D: 30 minutes on each; 30 minutes on each
答案: 【 12 minutes on computers and 48 minutes on calculators; 1 hour on calculators】
62、单选题：
Smith and Jones comprise a two-person economy. Their hourly rates of production are shown below.
If Smith and Jones are dividing their time efficiently and producing more than 10 computers and fewer than 120 calculators per hour, then Smith will ________ and Jones will ________.
选项：
A: produce only computers; split his time between computers and calculators
B: split his time between computers and calculators; produce only computers
C: produce only computers; produce only calculators
D: produce only calculators; produce only computers
答案: 【 produce only computers; split his time between computers and calculators】
63、单选题：
Smith and Jones comprise a two-person economy. Their hourly rates of production are shown below.
If Smith and Jones are dividing their time efficiently and producing fewer than 10 computers and more than 120 calculators per hour, then Smith will ________ and Jones will ________.
选项：
A: produce only computers; produce only calculators
B: produce only calculators; produce only computers
C: produce only calculators; split his time between computers and calculators
D: split his time between computers and calculators; produce only calculators
答案: 【 split his time between computers and calculators; produce only calculators】
64、单选题：
Smith and Jones comprise a two-person economy. Their hourly rates of production are shown below.
Suppose Smith and Jones begin by producing 100 calculators per hour; as Smith and Jones choose to efficiently produce fewer computers and more calculators, ________ should devote more time to calculators because his ________.
选项：
A: Jones; absolute advantage is smaller
B: Jones; opportunity costs are lower
C: Smith; opportunity costs are lower
D: Smith; absolute advantage is larger
答案: 【 Jones; opportunity costs are lower】
65、单选题：
Earth Movers & Shakers operates 3 iron ore mines. The table below shows each mine's total daily production and the current number of miners at each mine. All miners work for the same wage, and each miner in any given mine produces the same number of tons per day as every other miner in that mine.
The opportunity cost of moving one miner from Mother Lode to another mine is:
选项：
A: 1 ton per day.
B: 3 tons per day.
C: 2 tons per day.
D: 4 tons per day.
答案: 【 4 tons per day.】
66、单选题：
Earth Movers & Shakers operates 3 iron ore mines. The table below shows each mine's total daily production and the current number of miners at each mine. All miners work for the same wage, and each miner in any given mine produces the same number of tons per day as every other miner in that mine.
The opportunity cost of moving one miner from Scraping Bottom to another mine is:
选项：
A: 0 tons per day.
B: 5 tons per day.
C: 3 tons per day.
D: 4 tons per day.
答案: 【 3 tons per day.】
67、单选题：
Earth Movers & Shakers operates 3 iron ore mines. The table below shows each mine's total daily production and the current number of miners at each mine. All miners work for the same wage, and each miner in any given mine produces the same number of tons per day as every other miner in that mine.
The opportunity cost of moving one miner from Middle Drift to another mine is:
选项：
A: 1 ton per day.
B: 3 tons per day.
C: 5 tons per day.
D: 4 tons per day.
答案: 【 5 tons per day.】
68、单选题：
Earth Movers & Shakers operates 3 iron ore mines. The table below shows each mine's total daily production and the current number of miners at each mine. All miners work for the same wage, and each miner in any given mine produces the same number of tons per day as every other miner in that mine.
Suppose Earth Movers & Shakers needs to fill an order for 60 tons of ore in a single day. If it has no other orders for that day, it should:
选项：
A: take it all from Middle Drift.
B: take it all from Mother Lode.
C: take 30 tons from Scraping Bottom and 30 tons from Middle Drift.
D: take 20 tons from each of the three mines.
答案: 【 take it all from Middle Drift.】
69、单选题：
Earth Movers & Shakers operates 3 iron ore mines. The table below shows each mine's total daily production and the current number of miners at each mine. All miners work for the same wage, and each miner in any given mine produces the same number of tons per day as every other miner in that mine.
Suppose Earth Movers & Shakers needs to fill an order for 100 tons of ore in a single day. If it has no other orders to fill that day, and it's not possible to transfer miners from one mine to another, it should:
选项：
A: take 75 tons from Middle Drift and 25 tons from Scraping Bottom.
B: take 30 tons from Scraping Bottom and 70 tons from Mother Lode.
C: take 75 tons from Middle Drift and 25 tons from Mother Lode.
D: take it all from Mother Lode.
答案: 【 take 75 tons from Middle Drift and 25 tons from Mother Lode.】
70、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. If this restaurant makes 75 salads in one hour, then what's the maximum number of pizzas it can make in that same hour?
选项：
A: 10
B: 0
C: 20
D: 30
答案: 【 30】
71、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. Relative to point B, at point C this restaurant is:
选项：
A: making fewer pizzas and more salads.
B: making more pizzas and more salads.
C: operating more efficiently.
D: making more pizzas and fewer salads.
答案: 【 making more pizzas and fewer salads.】
72、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. Moving from point C to point B, the opportunity cost of 25 more salads is:
选项：
A: 30 pizzas.
B: 5 pizzas.
C: 10 pizzas.
D: 15 pizzas.
答案: 【 5 pizzas.】
73、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. Moving from point B to point A, the opportunity cost of 25 more salads is:
选项：
A: 20 pizzas.
B: 10 pizzas.
C: 5 pizzas.
D: 15 pizzas.
答案: 【 10 pizzas.】
74、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. The opportunity cost of making an additional salad:
选项：
A: decreases as the number of salads increases.
B: remains constant regardless of how many salads are made.
C: decreases as the number of pizzas decreases.
D: increases as the number of salads increases.
答案: 【 increases as the number of salads increases.】
75、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. If this restaurant goes from producing 20 to 25 pizzas per hour, then which of the following statements is true?
选项：
A: It has to give up fewer than 12.5 salads.
B: It has to give up more than 12.5 salads.
C: It has to give up exactly 25 salads.
D: It has to give up exactly 12.5 salads.
答案: 【 It has to give up fewer than 12.5 salads.】
76、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. As the production of pizza increases, the opportunity cost of producing pizza:
选项：
A: doesn't change.
B: increases.
C: decreases.
D: become negative.
答案: 【 increases.】
77、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. Which of the following is true?
选项：
A: Points B, C, E and F are efficient.
B: Point A is efficient because it is farthest from the origin.
C: Point D is efficient because it requires using the fewest resources.
D: Point F is the most efficient because medical care is the highest there.
答案: 【 Points B, C, E and F are efficient.】
78、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. Suppose that the government requires that resources be used efficiently. Which of the following would the government definitely not allow?
选项：
A: Production at any point other than C.
B: Specialization in warhead production.
C: Production at point D.
D: Specialization in medical care production.
答案: 【 Production at point D.】
79、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. If this economy is currently producing at point C, then the opportunity cost of providing 100 additional units of medical care would be:
选项：
A: 100 warheads.
B: 800 warheads.
C: 400 warheads.
D: 200 warheads.
答案: 【 400 warheads.】
80、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. The opportunity cost of increasing medical care from 200 to 400 units is ________ the opportunity cost of increasing medical care from 400 to 600 units.
选项：
A: twice as much as
B: less than
C: exactly the same as
D: greater than
答案: 【 less than】
81、单选题：
Production possibilities curves for large economies are generally bow-shaped because:
选项：
A: as more resources are used to produce a good, those resources become less expensive.
B: opportunity costs tend to increase with increases in production.
C: specialization gives some producers a comparative advantage.
D: opportunity costs tend to decrease with increases in production.
答案: 【 opportunity costs tend to increase with increases in production.】
82、单选题：
The Principle of Increasing Opportunity Costs states that:
选项：
A: when increasing production, resources with the lowest opportunity costs should be used first.
B: opportunity costs increase when too little is produced.
C: productive people do the hardest tasks first.
D: when increasing production, resources with the lowest opportunity costs should be used last.
答案: 【 when increasing production, resources with the lowest opportunity costs should be used first.】
83、单选题：
You have noticed that your next-door neighbor, Mary, always works in the garden, and her husband, Joe, always walks the dog. You conclude that if Joe and Mary are efficient, then it must be the case that:
选项：
A: Mary's opportunity cost of walking the dog is lower than Joe's.
B: Joe experiences increasing opportunity costs when he gardens, but not when he walks the dog.
C: Joe has a comparative advantage in walking the dog.
D: Mary has an absolute advantage in gardening.
答案: 【 Joe has a comparative advantage in walking the dog.】
84、单选题：
The benefits of specialization can be used to explain why:
选项：
A: individuals and nations benefit from trade.
B: workers prefer to work on a variety of tasks during the day.
C: big companies take advantage of smaller ones.
D: machines are more productive than human workers.
答案: 【 individuals and nations benefit from trade.】
85、单选题：
Moe divides his time between studying Physics and studying Economics. His production possibilities curve for his final grade in each class is shown below.
Both of Moe's professors require at least a 65 to pass and a 90 to earn an A. Which of the following is true?
选项：
A: Moe can pass both classes.
B: Moe could earn an A in economics and still pass physics.
C: Moe can pass physics, but only if he fails economics.
D: Moe can pass economics, but only if he fails physics.
答案: 【 Moe can pass both classes.】
86、单选题：
Moe divides his time between studying Physics and studying Economics. His production possibilities curve for his final grade in each class is shown below.
Which of the following is true?
选项：
A: Moe's opportunity cost of studying for each subject is increasing.
B: Moe has an absolute advantage in economics.
C: Moe has a comparative advantage in physics.
D: Moe has a comparative advantage in economics.
答案: 【 Moe's opportunity cost of studying for each subject is increasing.】
87、单选题：
Moe divides his time between studying Physics and studying Economics. His production possibilities curve for his final grade in each class is shown below.
According to Moe's PPC, moving from a 70 to an 80 in economics:
选项：
A: has a higher opportunity cost than moving from an 80 to a 90.
B: is unattainable.
C: has a lower opportunity cost than moving from an 80 to a 90.
D: is inefficient.
答案: 【 has a lower opportunity cost than moving from an 80 to a 90.】
88、单选题：
Moe divides his time between studying Physics and studying Economics. His production possibilities curve for his final grade in each class is shown below.
If Moe moves from Point A to point C, his grade in Physics will go down by ________ his grade in economics.
选项：
A: less than the decrease in
B: more than the increase in
C: less than the increase in
D: more than the decrease in
答案: 【 less than the increase in】
89、单选题：
Moe divides his time between studying Physics and studying Economics. His production possibilities curve for his final grade in each class is shown below.
The Principle of Increasing Opportunity Cost is reflected in the fact that the opportunity cost going from 70 to 80 in economics is:
选项：
A: lower than the opportunity cost of going from 80 to 90 in physics.
B: the same as the opportunity cost of going from 70 to 80 in physics.
C: higher than the opportunity cost of going from 80 to 90 in economics.
D: lower than the opportunity cost of going from 80 to 90 in economics.
答案: 【 lower than the opportunity cost of going from 80 to 90 in economics.】
90、单选题：
Moe divides his time between studying Physics and studying Economics. His production possibilities curve for his final grade in each class is shown below.
Moe needs to earn at least an 80 in both economics and physics to keep his scholarship. Given his current PPC, an 80 in both classes is ________.
选项：
A: attainable
B: inefficient
C: efficient
D: unattainable
答案: 【 unattainable】
91、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. For the nation whose PPC is shown, it must be true that:
选项：
A: the nation's productive resources are better-suited to making milk than to making movies.
B: the nation's productive resources are better-suited to making movies than to making milk.
C: the nation has a comparative advantage in making milk.
D: some of the nation's productive resources are better-suited to making milk, and some are better-suited to making movies.
答案: 【 some of the nation's productive resources are better-suited to making milk, and some are better-suited to making movies.】
92、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. At point D, the opportunity cost of making milk is:
选项：
A: high because productive resources that are better-suited to making movies are not being used to make milk.
B: low because the economy is specializing in making milk.
C: high because the economy is not operating efficiently.
D: high because productive resources that are better-suited to making movies are being used to make milk.
答案: 【 high because productive resources that are better-suited to making movies are being used to make milk.】
93、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. This economy would be operating at point B if:
选项：
A: it was operating efficiently.
B: resources that are better-suited to making movies were being used to make milk, while resources that are better-suited to making milk were being used to make movies.
C: the opportunity cost of making milk were higher than the opportunity cost of making movies.
D: the opportunity cost of making movies were higher than the opportunity cost of making milk.
答案: 【 resources that are better-suited to making movies were being used to make milk, while resources that are better-suited to making milk were being used to make movies.】
94、单选题：
Refer to the figure below. If this economy were currently operating at point D, then in order to make more movies:
选项：
A: no productive resources would need to switch from making milk to movies because point D is already efficient.
B: the first productive resources to switch to making movies should be those with the highest opportunity cost of making milk.
C: the first productive resources to switch to making movies should be those with the lowest opportunity cost of making milk.
D: no productive resources would need to switch from making milk to movies because each resource should continue to be used according to its comparative advantage.
答案: 【 the first productive resources to switch to making movies should be those with the highest opportunity cost of making milk.】
95、单选题：
The figure below shows Avery's weekly production possibilities curve for scarves.
For Avery, the opportunity cost of making a red scarf is:
选项：
A: decreasing.
B: 1 blue scarf.
C: increasing.
D: zero.
答案: 【 1 blue scarf.】
96、单选题：
The figure below shows Avery's weekly production possibilities curve for scarves.
Avery's PPC would shift outward if she:
选项：
A: knits fewer red scarves and more blue scarves each week.
B: knits more red scarves and fewer blue scarves each week.
C: devotes less time to knitting each week.
D: devotes more time to knitting each week.
答案: 【 devotes more time to knitting each week.】
97、单选题：
Economic growth can result from a(n):
选项：
A: increase in the amount of productive resources.
B: increase in the amount of consumer goods produced.
C: decrease in the number of workers available.
D: increase in number of the minimum wage jobs.
答案: 【 increase in the amount of productive resources.】
98、单选题：
Which of the following is NOT a reason why there are gains to specialization?
选项：
A: It further improves skills through experience and practice.
B: It increases the amount productive resources in the economy.
C: It eliminates many of the costs of switching from one task to another.
D: It allows individuals to concentrate on the activities in which they have a comparative advantage.
答案: 【 It increases the amount productive resources in the economy.】
99、单选题：
An increase in an economy's productive resources will lead the production possibilities curve to:
选项：
A: stay the same.
B: shift inward.
C: shift outward.
D: become flatter.
答案: 【 shift outward.】
100、单选题：
Suppose that Nepal invests less in new factories and equipment than does the United States. This will likely cause:
选项：
A: The U.S.'s production possibilities curve to shift outward faster than Nepal's.
B: The U.S.'s production possibilities curve to shift inward faster than Nepal's.
C: Nepal's production possibilities curve to shift inward faster than the U.S.'s.
D: Nepal's production possibilities curve to shift outward faster than the U.S.'s.
答案: 【 The U.S.'s production possibilities curve to shift outward faster than Nepal's.】
101、单选题：
If a nation restricts imports, it will:
选项：
A: harm each individual citizen in that nation.
B: benefit each individual citizen in that nation.
C: increase the total value of goods and services produced in that nation.
D: decrease the total value of goods and services produced in that nation.
答案: 【 decrease the total value of goods and services produced in that nation.】
102、单选题：
Regarding specialization, it is generally true that:
选项：
A: more specialization is always worse.
B: less specialization is always better.
C: more specialization is always better.
D: specialization imposes costs as well as benefits.
答案: 【 specialization imposes costs as well as benefits.】
103、单选题：
You are the Minister of Trade for a small island country with the following annual PPC:
You are negotiating a trade agreement with a neighboring island with the following annual PPC:
As soon as you see the other island's PPC, you realize there are:
选项：
A: gains from trade because your island has a comparative advantage in coconuts.
B: no gains from trade because the other island has an absolute advantage.
C: no gains from trade because your both have the same comparative advantage.
D: no gains from trade because there is no difference in your ability to harvest coconuts.
答案: 【 gains from trade because your island has a comparative advantage in coconuts.】
104、单选题：
You are the Minister of Trade for a small island country with the following annual PPC:
You are negotiating a trade agreement with a neighboring island with the following annual PPC:
If the other island's delegate offers to give you 2 fish for every 1 coconut you give them, you will:
选项：
A: accept their offer because you do not have an absolute advantage in fish.
B: accept their offer because you do not have the comparative advantage in fish.
C: refuse their offer because the opportunity cost to you of a coconut is less than 2 fish.
D: refuse their offer because the opportunity cost to you of a coconut is more than 2 fish.
答案: 【 refuse their offer because the opportunity cost to you of a coconut is more than 2 fish.】
105、单选题：
You are the Minister of Trade for a small island country with the following annual PPC:
You are negotiating a trade agreement with a neighboring island with the following annual PPC:
What's the minimum number of fish you would be willing to accept in exchange for a coconut?
选项：
A: 4
B: 3
C: 2
D: 5
答案: 【 3】
106、单选题：
You are the Minister of Trade for a small island country with the following annual PPC:
You are negotiating a trade agreement with a neighboring island with the following annual PPC:
If you offer to give the other island 1 coconut for every 4 fish they give you, then they will:
选项：
A: refuse your offer because they have a comparative advantage in fish.
B: accept your offer because your opportunity cost of a coconuts is less than 4 fish.
C: accept your offer because their opportunity cost of a coconut is greater than 4 fish.
D: refuse your offer because they can produce as many coconuts as you can.
答案: 【 accept your offer because their opportunity cost of a coconut is greater than 4 fish.】
107、单选题：
You are the Minister of Trade for a small island country with the following annual PPC:
You are negotiating a trade agreement with a neighboring island with the following annual PPC:
Both islands specialize exclusively in the product for which they have a comparative advantage. You have agreed to give 350 coconuts to the other island in exchange for 1,300 fish. After the trade, your island has a total of ________ coconuts and ________ fish.
选项：
A: 150; 1,300
B: 500; 1,500
C: 500; 1,300
D: 150; 2,800
答案: 【 150; 1,300】
108、单选题：
You are the Minister of Trade for a small island country with the following annual PPC:
You are negotiating a trade agreement with a neighboring island with the following annual PPC:
Both islands specialize exclusively in the product for which they have a comparative advantage. You have agreed to give 350 coconuts to the other island in exchange for 1,300 fish. After the trade the other island has a total of ________ coconuts and ________ fish.
选项：
A: 350; 1,500
B: 350; 1,200
C: 850; 1,200
D: 500; 1,200
答案: 【 350; 1,200】
109、单选题：
If country A can produce more of practically everything than can country B, then which of the following statements is true?
选项：
A: Country A has no incentive to trade with country B.
B: Trade can benefit both countries.
C: Country B has no incentive to trade with country A.
D: Country B cannot have a comparative advantage in the production of any good that country A wants to buy.
答案: 【 Trade can benefit both countries.】
110、单选题：
As the differences in opportunity costs between the U.S. and its trading partners increase, the potential gains from specialization and trade ________.
选项：
A: become unpredictable
B: decrease
C: stay the same
D: increase
答案: 【 increase】
111、单选题：
One reason there is political opposition to international trade is that:
选项：
A: trade does not increase the total value of goods and services produced by a nation.
B: the differences in opportunity costs between countries are small.
C: not everyone benefits from trade.
D: the potential gains from specialization and trade are small.
答案: 【 not everyone benefits from trade.】
112、单选题：
One concern regarding the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFT was that it would lead:
选项：
A: wages in Mexico to rise.
B: highly skilled workers in the United States to lose their jobs.
C: unskilled workers in the United States to lose their jobs.
D: the total value of goods and services produced by the United States to fall.
答案: 【 unskilled workers in the United States to lose their jobs.】
113、单选题：
When a nation reduces the barriers to international trade:
选项：
A: the total value of all goods and services produced by the nation falls.
B: each individual citizen becomes worse off.
C: the total value of all goods and serviced produced by the nation rises.
D: each individual citizen becomes better off.
答案: 【 the total value of all goods and serviced produced by the nation rises.】
114、单选题：
The benefits to specialization are even greater when two trading partners have:
选项：
A: absolute advantages in producing the same goods.
B: very similar opportunity costs.
C: large differences in opportunity costs.
D: similar consumption preferences.
答案: 【 large differences in opportunity costs.】
115、单选题：
According to the textbook, the evidence indicates that NAFTA has:
选项：
A: not significantly reduced the employment of unskilled workers in the United States.
B: reduced the employment of unskilled workers in the United States significantly.
C: stopped illegal immigration from Mexico.
D: reduced the wages of skilled workers in the United States.
答案: 【 not significantly reduced the employment of unskilled workers in the United States.】
116、单选题：
According to the textbook, NAFTA was expected to help which country exploit its comparative advantage in the production of goods made by unskilled labor?
选项：
A: The U.S.A.
B: Mexico
C: Canada
D: Cuba
答案: 【 Mexico】
117、单选题：
Outsourcing is a term increasingly used to refer to the act of:
选项：
A: hiring illegal immigrants.
B: replacing relatively expensive American workers with low-wage workers overseas.
C: importing raw materials into the United States from other countries.
D: exporting final goods to other countries.
答案: 【 replacing relatively expensive American workers with low-wage workers overseas.】
118、单选题：
The fundamental reason firms outsource is that:
选项：
A: U.S. workers cannot perform the tasks performed by workers in other countries.
B: low-wage workers in other countries are more productive than are U.S. workers.
C: hiring low-wage workers overseas reduces firms' costs.
D: outsourcing increases employment overseas.
答案: 【 hiring low-wage workers overseas reduces firms' costs.】
119、单选题：
When a U.S. firm engages in outsourcing, it benefits ________ and harms ________.
选项：
A: the firm; the U.S. consumers of the firm's products
B: the U.S. consumers of the firm's products; the firm
C: the U.S. consumers of the firm's products; the firm's foreign employees
D: the U.S. consumers of the firm's products; the firm's U.S. employees
答案: 【 the U.S. consumers of the firm's products; the firm's U.S. employees】
120、单选题：
All else equal, the jobs that are the least likely to be outsourced are those that:
选项：
A: require face-to-face communication.
B: can be done by a computer.
C: do not involve face-to-face contact.
D: can be broken down into series of well-defined steps.
答案: 【 require face-to-face communication.】
121、单选题：
Which of the following jobs is least likely to be outsourced?
选项：
A: Flipping hamburgers
B: Software design
C: Technical assistance over the phone for your computer
D: Transcription of physicians' records
答案: 【 Flipping hamburgers】
122、单选题：
An individual has an absolute advantage in producing pizzas if that individual:
选项：
A: can produce more pizzas in a given amount of time than anyone else.
B: charges the lowest price for pizzas.
C: has a higher opportunity cost of producing pizzas than anyone else.
D: has a lower opportunity cost of producing pizzas than anyone else.
答案: 【 can produce more pizzas in a given amount of time than anyone else.】
123、单选题：
If Al has an absolute advantage over Beth in preparing meals, then:
选项：
A: Al's opportunity cost of preparing a meal is lower than is Beth's.
B: Al can prepare more meals in a given time period than Beth.
C: the problem of scarcity applies to Beth but not to Al.
D: it takes Al more time to prepare a meal than Beth.
答案: 【 Al can prepare more meals in a given time period than Beth.】
124、单选题：
If Les can produce two pairs of pants per hour while Eva can produce one pair per hour, then it must be true that:
选项：
A: Les has an absolute advantage in producing pants.
B: Les has a comparative advantage in producing pants.
C: Eva has a comparative advantage in producing pants.
D: Les has both comparative and absolute advantage in producing pants.
答案: 【 Les has an absolute advantage in producing pants.】
125、单选题：
If a nation can produce a more computers per year than any other nation, that nation has a(n advantage in the production of computers.
选项：
A: relative
B: natural
C: comparative
D: absolute
答案: 【 absolute】
126、单选题：
If you have a comparative advantage in a particular task, then:
选项：
A: you have specialized in that task, while others have not.
B: you give up less to accomplish that task than do others.
C: you are better at it than other people.
D: you give up more to accomplish that task than do others.
答案: 【 you give up less to accomplish that task than do others.】
127、单选题：
Larry has a comparative advantage over his classmates in writing term papers if he:
选项：
A: has an absolute advantage in writing term papers.
B: can write term papers faster than his classmates.
C: always earns an A on his term papers.
D: has a lower opportunity cost of writing term papers than his classmates.
答案: 【 has a lower opportunity cost of writing term papers than his classmates.】
128、单选题：
If a nation has the lowest opportunity cost of producing a good, that nation has a(n in the production of that good.
选项：
A: absolute advantage
B: comparative advantage
C: comparative advantage and an absolute advantage
D: absolute advantage and possibly a comparative advantage.
答案: 【 comparative advantage】
129、单选题：
Which of the following statements is true?
选项：
A: Comparative advantage does not require absolute advantage.
B: Absolute advantage implies comparative advantage.
C: Absolute advantage requires comparative advantage.
D: Comparative advantage requires absolute advantage.
答案: 【 Comparative advantage does not require absolute advantage.】
130、单选题：
If Jane can produce 3 pairs of shoes per hour, while Bob can produce 2, then ________ has a(n advantage in producing shoes.
选项：
A: Bob; comparative
B: Jane; absolute
C: Jane; comparative
D: Bob; absolute
答案: 【 Jane; absolute】
131、单选题：
Refer to the table below. According to the table, Martha has the absolute advantage in:
选项：
A: neither pies nor cakes.
B: cakes.
C: both pies and cakes.
D: pies.
答案: 【 neither pies nor cakes.】
132、单选题：
Refer to the table below. According to the table, Julia has the absolute advantage in:
选项：
A: both pies and cakes.
B: pies.
C: cakes.
D: neither pies nor cakes.
答案: 【 both pies and cakes.】
133、单选题：
Refer to the table below. Martha's opportunity cost of making of a pie is:
选项：
A: 4/3 of a cake.
B: 80 cakes.
C: 3/4 of a cake.
D: 8 cakes.
答案: 【 3/4 of a cake.】
134、单选题：
Refer to the table below. Martha's opportunity cost of making a cake is:
选项：
A: 6 pies.
B: 3/4 of a pie.
C: 4/3 of a pie.
D: 60 pies.
答案: 【 4/3 of a pie.】
135、单选题：
Refer to the table below. Julia's opportunity cost of making a pie is:
选项：
A: 60 cakes
B: 6 cakes
C: 5/6 of a cake
D: 6/5 of a cake
答案: 【 5/6 of a cake】
136、单选题：
Refer to the table below. Julia's opportunity cost of making a cake is:
选项：
A: 6 pies
B: 5/6 of a pie
C: 6/5 of a pie
D: 60 pies
答案: 【 6/5 of a pie】
137、单选题：
Refer to the table below. ________ has the comparative advantage in making pies and ________ the comparative advantage in making cakes.
选项：
A: Julia; Julia
B: Julia; Martha
C: Martha; Martha
D: Martha; Julia
答案: 【 Martha; Julia】
138、单选题：
Refer to the table below. Based on their comparative advantage, Martha should specialize in ________ while Julia should specialize in _______.
选项：
A: cakes; pies
B: pies; cakes
C: both pies and cakes; neither pies nor cakes
D: neither pies nor cakes; both pies and cakes
答案: 【 pies; cakes】
139、单选题：
Suppose it takes Dan 5 minutes to make a sandwich and 15 minutes to make a smoothie, and it takes Tracy 6 minutes to make a sandwich and 12 minutes to make a smoothie. What is the opportunity cost to Dan of making a sandwich?
选项：
A: 1/3 of a smoothie
B: 5 smoothies
C: 15 smoothies
D: 3 smoothies
答案: 【 1/3 of a smoothie】
140、单选题：
Suppose it takes Dan 5 minutes to make a sandwich and 15 minutes to make a smoothie, and it takes Tracy 6 minutes to make a sandwich and 12 minutes to make a smoothie. Which of the following statements is correct?
选项：
A: Dan has the comparative advantage in smoothies, but Tracy has the absolute advantage in smoothies.
B: Dan has the comparative and absolute advantage in smoothies.
C: Dan has the comparative advantage in sandwiches, but Tracy has the absolute advantage in sandwiches.
D: Dan has the comparative and absolute advantage in sandwiches.
答案: 【 Dan has the comparative and absolute advantage in sandwiches.】
141、单选题：
Suppose it takes Dan 5 minutes to make a sandwich and 15 minutes to make a smoothie, and it takes Tracy 6 minutes to make a sandwich and 12 minutes to make a smoothie. Which of the following statements is correct?
选项：
A: Dan should specialize in sandwiches, and Tracy should specialize in smoothies.
B: Tracy should specialize in sandwiches and smoothies.
C: Dan should specialize in both sandwiches and smoothies.
D: Dan should specialize in smoothies, and Tracy should specialize in sandwiches.
答案: 【 Dan should specialize in sandwiches, and Tracy should specialize in smoothies.】
142、单选题：
Suppose it takes Paul 3 hours to bake a cake and 2 hours to move the lawn, and suppose it takes Tom 2 hours to bake a cake and 1 hour to mow the lawn. Which of the following statements is correct?
选项：
A: Paul has the absolute advantage in baking cakes.
B: Paul has the absolute advantage in mowing the lawn.
C: Paul has the comparative in mowing the lawn.
D: Paul has the comparative in baking cakes.
答案: 【 Paul has the comparative in baking cakes.】
143、单选题：
Suppose Cathy and Lewis work in a bakery making pies and cakes. Suppose it takes Cathy 1.5 hours to make a pie and 1 hour to make a cake, and suppose it takes Lewis 2 hours to make a pie and 1.5 hours to make a cake. Which of the following statements is correct?
选项：
A: Lewis has a comparative advantage in pies, and Cathy has an absolute advantage in pies.
B: Lewis has a comparative and absolute advantage in pies.
C: Cathy has a comparative and absolute advantage in pies.
D: Cathy has a comparative advantage in pies, and Lewis has an absolute advantage in pies.
答案: 【 Lewis has a comparative advantage in pies, and Cathy has an absolute advantage in pies.】
144、单选题：
Suppose Cathy and Lewis work in a bakery making pies and cakes. Suppose it takes Cathy 1.5 hours to make a pie and 1 hour to make a cake, and suppose it takes Lewis 2 hours to make a pie and 1.5 hours to make a cake. Which of the following statements is correct?
选项：
A: Lewis should specialize in pies, and Cathy should specialize in cakes.
B: Cathy should specialize in pies, and Lewis should specialize in cakes.
C: Cathy should specialize in both pies and cakes.
D: There are no gains from specialization and trade.
答案: 【 Lewis should specialize in pies, and Cathy should specialize in cakes.】
145、单选题：
Suppose Cathy and Lewis work in a bakery making pies and cakes. Suppose it takes Cathy 1.5 hours to make a pie and 1 hour to make a cake, and suppose it takes Lewis 2 hours to make a pie and 1.5 hours to make a cake. What is the opportunity cost to Cathy of making a cake?
选项：
A: 2/3 of a pie.
B: 1.5 pies.
C: 1 pie.
D: 1.33 pies.
答案: 【 2/3 of a pie.】
146、单选题：
According to Table 02-01, Corey has the absolute advantage in:
选项：
A: neither making nor delivering pizza.
B: making and delivering pizza.
C: making pizza.
D: delivering pizza.
答案: 【 making pizza.】
147、单选题：
According to Table 02-01, Pat has the absolute advantage in:
选项：
A: delivering pizza.
B: making and delivering pizza.
C: neither making nor delivering pizza.
D: making pizza.
答案: 【 delivering pizza.】
148、单选题：
According to Table 02-01, Corey's opportunity cost of making of a pizza is delivering:
选项：
A: 2 pizzas.
B: 2/3 of a pizza.
C: 1/2 of a pizza.
D: 3/2 of a pizza.
答案: 【 1/2 of a pizza.】
149、单选题：
According to Table 02-01, Corey's opportunity cost of delivering of a pizza is making:
选项：
A: 12 pizzas.
B: 1/2 of a pizza.
C: 2 pizzas.
D: 6 pizzas.
答案: 【 2 pizzas.】
150、单选题：
According to Table 02-01, Pat's opportunity cost of making a pizza is delivering:
选项：
A: 3 pizzas
B: 2/3 of a pizza
C: 3/2 of a pizza
D: 2 pizzas
答案: 【 3/2 of a pizza】
151、单选题：
According to Table 02-01, Pat's opportunity cost of delivering a pizza is making:
选项：
A: 2/3 of a pizza
B: 10 pizzas
C: 3/2 of a pizza
D: 12 pizzas
答案: 【 2/3 of a pizza】
152、单选题：
Refer to Table 02-01. ________ has the comparative advantage in making pizza, and ________ has the comparative advantage in delivering pizza.
选项：
A: Corey; Pat
B: Corey; Corey
C: Pat; Corey
D: Pat; Pat
答案: 【 Corey; Pat】
153、单选题：
Refer to Table 02-01. Based on their comparative advantages, Pat should specialize in ________, and Corey should specialize in ________.
选项：
A: both making pizza and delivering pizza; neither making pizza nor delivering pizza
B: neither making pizza nor delivering pizza; both making pizza and delivering pizza
C: making pizza; delivering pizza
D: delivering pizza; making pizza
答案: 【 delivering pizza; making pizza】
154、单选题：
Lou and Alex live together and share household chores. They like to cook some meals ahead of time and eat leftovers. The table below shows the number of rooms they can each clean and the number of meals they can each cook in an hour. Which of the following is true?
选项：
A: Lou has a comparative advantage over Alex in cleaning.
B: Alex has both an absolute advantage and a comparative advantage over Lou in both tasks.
C: Lou has both an absolute advantage and a comparative advantage over Alex in both tasks.
D: Alex has a comparative advantage over Lou in cleaning.
答案: 【 Lou has a comparative advantage over Alex in cleaning.】
155、单选题：
Lou and Alex live together and share household chores. They like to cook some meals ahead of time and eat leftovers. The table below shows the number of rooms they can each clean and the number of meals they can each cook in an hour. If Alex and Lou work out an efficient arrangement for these two chores, then under that arrangement:
选项：
A: Lou would do all of the cleaning and all of the cooking.
B: Alex would do all of the cleaning, while Lou would do all the cooking.
C: Lou would do all of the cleaning, while Alex would do all of the cooking.
D: Alex and Lou each would do half of the cooking and half of the cleaning.
答案: 【 Lou would do all of the cleaning, while Alex would do all of the cooking.】
156、单选题：
Lou and Alex live together and share household chores. They like to cook some meals ahead of time and eat leftovers. The table below shows the number of rooms they can each clean and the number of meals they can each cook in an hour. For Alex, the opportunity cost of cleaning one room is making ________ meal(s); for Lou the opportunity cost of cleaning one room is making ________ meal(s).
选项：
A: 1; 4/5
B: 1; 5/4
C: 4; 4
D: 3; 5
答案: 【 1; 4/5】
157、单选题：
Dent 'n' Scratch Used Cars and Trucks employs 3 salesmen. Data for their sales last month are shown in this table:
Based on last month's data, ________ has an absolute advantage in selling cars and ________ has an absolute advantage in selling trucks.
选项：
A: Larry; Joe
B: Joe; Joe
C: Ralph; Larry
D: Larry; Ralph
答案: 【 Larry; Ralph】
第三讲供给和需求
课后测验3
1、单选题：
Refer to the figure above. The equilibrium price in this market is:
选项：
A: less than $40.
B: nonexistent.
C: greater than $50.
D: between $40 and $50.
答案: 【 between $40 and $50.】
2、单选题：
An increase in the demand for GM automobiles results in:
选项：
A: a lower equilibrium quantity of GM automobiles.
B: a lower equilibrium price for GM automobiles.
C: an increase in the quantity supplied of GM automobiles.
D: an increase in the supply of GM automobiles.
答案: 【 an increase in the quantity supplied of GM automobiles.】
3、单选题：
Which of the following is NOT a determinant of demand for gasoline?
选项：
A: The quantity of gasoline supplied.
B: The price of diesel.
C: Consumers' incomes.
D: The price of automobiles.
答案: 【 The quantity of gasoline supplied.】
4、单选题：
When the supply of a good decreases, consumers will eventually:
选项：
A: increase their quantity demanded.
B: decrease their demand.
C: decrease their quantity demanded.
D: increase their preferences for the good.
答案: 【 decrease their quantity demanded.】
5、单选题：
In general, when the supply curve shifts to the left and demand is constant then:
选项：
A: the equilibrium price will rise.
B: the equilibrium price will fall.
C: the market cannot reestablish an equilibrium.
D: the equilibrium quantity will rise.
答案: 【 the equilibrium price will rise.】
6、单选题：
Refer to the figure above. If supply were to shift to the left, and demand were to also shift to the left, in the new equilibrium:
选项：
A: both price and quantity would be lower.
B: price would be higher and quantity would be lower.
C: both price and quantity would be higher.
D: quantity would be lower, but the direction of the price change cannot be determined.
答案: 【 quantity would be lower, but the direction of the price change cannot be determined.】
7、单选题：
Refer to the figure above. Suppose supply increases substantially. Then:
选项：
A: price will also increase substantially.
B: demand will also increase.
C: the quantity demanded will increase.
D: the quantity demanded will decrease.
答案: 【 the quantity demanded will increase.】
8、单选题：
Refer to the figure above. Suppose that only demand has suddenly shifted to the left. To restore equilibrium, this market will have an immediate:
选项：
A: excess demand, which will cause prices to fall to a new equilibrium.
B: excess demand, which will cause prices to rise to a new equilibrium.
C: excess supply, which will cause prices to fall to a new equilibrium.
D: excess supply, which will cause prices to rise to a new equilibrium.
答案: 【 excess supply, which will cause prices to fall to a new equilibrium.】
9、单选题：
In general, when the demand curve shifts to the right and supply remains constant then:
选项：
A: the market cannot reestablish an equilibrium.
B: quantity demanded will rise.
C: the equilibrium price will fall.
D: the equilibrium quantity will rise.
答案: 【 the equilibrium quantity will rise.】
10、单选题：
Suppose that the equilibrium price of rice falls and the equilibrium quantity falls. Which of the following best fits the observed data?
选项：
A: A decrease in demand with supply constant.
B: An increase in demand coupled with a decrease in supply.
C: An increase in demand coupled with an increase in supply.
D: An increase in demand with supply constant.
答案: 【 A decrease in demand with supply constant.】
11、单选题：
Suppose that the equilibrium price of DVD players increases and the equilibrium quantity increases. Which of the following best fits the observed data?
选项：
A: A decrease in demand with supply constant.
B: An increase in demand coupled with an increase in supply.
C: An increase in demand with supply constant.
D: An increase in demand coupled with a decrease in supply.
答案: 【 An increase in demand with supply constant.】
12、单选题：
Suppose that the equilibrium price of T-shirts increases and the equilibrium quantity falls. Which of the following best fits the observed data?
选项：
A: A decrease in supply with demand constant.
B: A decrease in demand with supply constant.
C: An increase in demand with supply constant.
D: An increase in demand coupled with an increase in supply.
答案: 【 A decrease in supply with demand constant.】
13、单选题：
Suppose that the equilibrium price of apples falls and the equilibrium quantity increases. Which of the following best fits the observed data?
选项：
A: An increase in demand coupled with an increase in supply.
B: An increase in supply with demand constant.
C: A decrease in supply with demand constant.
D: An increase in demand with supply constant.
答案: 【 An increase in supply with demand constant.】
14、单选题：
Refer to the figure above. Assume demand remains unchanged at D1. If supply shifts from S1 to S2, then the equilibrium price will ________ and the equilibrium quantity will ________.
选项：
A: fall; fall
B: rise; fall
C: fall; rise
D: rise; rise
答案: 【 fall; rise】
15、单选题：
Refer to the figure above. Assume demand remains unchanged at D1. If supply shifts from S2 to S1, then the equilibrium price will ________ and the equilibrium quantity will ________.
选项：
A: rise; fall
B: fall; rise
C: fall; fall
D: rise; rise
答案: 【 rise; fall】
16、单选题：
Refer to the figure above. If demand were to shift from D1 to D2 at the same time supply were to shift from S1 to S2:
选项：
A: the equilibrium quantity would increase and the equilibrium price would increase.
B: the equilibrium quantity would decrease and the equilibrium price would remain the same.
C: the equilibrium quantity would increase and the equilibrium price would remain the same.
D: the equilibrium quantity would remain the same and the equilibrium price would increase.
答案: 【 the equilibrium quantity would increase and the equilibrium price would increase.】
17、单选题：
If a market is in equilibrium and demand increases while supply decreases, the change in the equilibrium price is ________ and the change in the equilibrium quantity is ________.
选项：
A: indeterminate; positive
B: positive; indeterminate
C: positive; negative
D: positive; positive
答案: 【 positive; indeterminate】
18、单选题：
If both supply and demand increase simultaneously, the new equilibrium price is ________ and the new equilibrium quantity is ________.
选项：
A: higher; indeterminate
B: lower; indeterminate
C: lower; lower
D: indeterminate; higher
答案: 【 indeterminate; higher】
19、单选题：
If both supply and demand decrease simultaneously, the new equilibrium price is ________ and the new equilibrium quantity is ________.
选项：
A: indeterminate; higher
B: indeterminate; lower
C: lower; indeterminate
D: lower; lower
答案: 【 indeterminate; lower】
20、单选题：
If supply decreases while demand increases simultaneously, the new equilibrium price is ________ and the new equilibrium quantity is ________.
选项：
A: lower; indeterminate
B: higher; indeterminate
C: indeterminate; higher
D: lower; lower
答案: 【 higher; indeterminate】
21、单选题：
Suppose that both the equilibrium price and quantity of ketchup fall. The most consistent explanation for these observations is:
选项：
A: a decrease in demand for ketchup with no change in supply.
B: an increase in demand for ketchup with no change in supply.
C: an increase in the supply of ketchup with no change in demand.
D: an increase in demand for ketchup and a decrease in the supply of ketchup.
答案: 【 a decrease in demand for ketchup with no change in supply.】
22、单选题：
Suppose that the equilibrium price of pickles falls while the equilibrium quantity rises. The most consistent explanation for these observations is:
选项：
A: an increase in demand for pickles with no change in supply.
B: a decrease in demand for pickles with no change in supply.
C: an increase in the supply of pickles with no change in demand.
D: a decrease in the supply of pickles and a decrease in the demand for pickles.
答案: 【 an increase in the supply of pickles with no change in demand.】
23、单选题：
Suppose that the equilibrium price of French fries rises while the equilibrium quantity falls. The most consistent explanation for these observations is:
选项：
A: a decrease in demand for French fries with no change in supply.
B: a decrease in the supply of French fries with no change in demand.
C: an increase in demand for French fries with no change in supply.
D: an increase in the supply of French fries and an increase in the demand for French fries.
答案: 【 a decrease in the supply of French fries with no change in demand.】
24、单选题：
Assume the demand for coffee increases while the supply decreases. Which of the following outcomes is certain to occur?
选项：
A: The equilibrium price of coffee will fall.
B: The equilibrium q