大学MOOC 经济学(南京审计大学金审学院)1449959169 最新慕课完整章节测试答案
第一篇 经济学导论
文章目录
单元测验1：第一篇（ 经济学导论）
1、单选题：
Society faces trade-offs because of
选项：
A: government regulations.
B: greedy corporations.
C: faceless bureaucrats.
D: scarcity.
答案: 【 scarcity. 】
2、单选题：
The purpose of making assumptions in economic model building is to
选项：
A: force the model to yield the correct answer.
B: minimize the amount of work an economist must do.
C: simplify the model while keeping important details.
D: express the relationship mathematically.
答案: 【 simplify the model while keeping important details. 】
3、单选题：
The opportunity cost of an item is
选项：
A: the number of hours needed to earn money to buy the item.
B: what you give up to get that item.
C: usually less than the dollar value of the item.
D: the dollar value of the item.
答案: 【 what you give up to get that item.】
4、单选题：
Rational people make decisions at the margin by
选项：
A: following marginal traditions.
B: following marginal traditions.
C: thinking in black-and-white terms.
D: comparing marginal costs and marginal benefits.
答案: 【 comparing marginal costs and marginal benefits.】
5、单选题：
The invisible hand works to promote general well-being in the economy primarily through
选项：
A: government intervention.
B: the political process.
C: people’s pursuit of self-interest.
D: altruism.
答案: 【 people’s pursuit of self-interest. 】
6、单选题：
A circular-flow diagram is a model that
选项：
A: helps to explain how participants in the economy interact with one another.
B: helps to explain how people make decisions.
C: incorporates all aspects of the real economy.
D: helps to explain how the economy works as a whole.
答案: 【 helps to explain how participants in the economy interact with one another. 】
7、单选题：
Production is efficient if the economy is producing at a point
选项：
A: on the production possibilities frontier.
B: outside the production possibilities frontier.
C: on or inside the production possibilities frontier.
D: inside the production possibilities frontier.
答案: 【 on the production possibilities frontier.】
8、单选题：
The opportunity cost of obtaining more of one good is shown on the production possibilities frontier as the
选项：
A: amount of the other good that must be given up.
B: market price of the additional amount produced.
C: amount of resources that must be devoted to its production.
D: number of dollars that must be spent to produce it.
答案: 【 amount of the other good that must be given up.】
9、单选题：
An economy’s production possibilities frontier is also its consumption possibilities frontier
选项：
A: under all circumstances.
B: under no circumstances.
C: when the economy is self-sufficient.
D: when the rate of tradeoff between the two goods being produced is constant.
答案: 【 when the economy is self-sufficient.】
10、单选题：
Absolute advantage is found by comparing different producers’
选项：
A: opportunity costs.
B: payments to land, labor, and capital.
C: input requirements per unit of output.
D: locational and logistical circumstances.
答案: 【 input requirements per unit of output.】
11、单选题：
Suppose Jim and Tom can both produce two goods: baseball bats and hockey sticks. Which of the following is not possible?
选项：
A: Jim has an absolute advantage in the production of baseball bats and in the production of hockey sticks.
B: Jim has an absolute advantage in the production of baseball bats and a comparative advantage in the production of hockey sticks.
C: Jim has an absolute advantage in the production of hockey sticks and a comparative advantage in the production of baseball bats.
D: Jim has a comparative advantage in the production of baseball bats and in the production of hockey sticks.
答案: 【 Jim has a comparative advantage in the production of baseball bats and in the production of hockey sticks.】
12、单选题：
Suppose Jim and Tom can both produce baseball bats. If Jim’s opportunity cost of producing baseball bats is lower than Tom’s opportunity cost of producing baseball bats, then
选项：
A: Tom must have an absolute advantage in the production of baseball bats.
B: Jim must have an absolute advantage in the production of baseball bats.
C: Tom has a comparative advantage in the production of baseball bats.
D: Jim has a comparative advantage in the production of baseball bats.
答案: 【 Jim has a comparative advantage in the production of baseball bats.】
13、单选题：
Trade can make everybody better off because it
选项：
A: increases cooperation among nations.
B: allows people to specialize according to comparative advantage.
C: requires some workers in an economy to be retrained.
D: reduces competition among domestic companies.
答案: 【 allows people to specialize according to comparative advantage.】
14、判断题：
Economics is the study of how evenly goods and services are distributed within society.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
15、判断题：
If wages for accountants rose, then accountants’ leisure time would have a lower opportunity cost.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
16、判断题：
A marginal change is a small incremental adjustment to an existing plan of action.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
17、判断题：
Trade with any nation can be mutually beneficial.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
18、判断题：
One way that governments can improve market outcomes is to ensure that individuals are able to own and exercise control over their scarce resources.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
19、判断题：
Inflation increases the value of money.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
20、判断题：
In the circular flow diagram, payments for labor, land, and capital flow from firms to households through the markets for the factors of production.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
21、判断题：
Points inside the production possibilities frontier represent inefficient levels of production.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
22、判断题：
Interdependence among individuals and interdependence among nations are both based on the gains from trade.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
23、判断题：
Trade allows a country to consume outside its production possibilities frontier.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
随堂测验
1、单选题：
Which is the most accurate statement about trade
选项：
A: Trade can make every nation better off.
B: Trade makes some nations better off and others worse off.
C: Trading for a good can make a nation better off only if the nation cannot produce that good itself.
D: Trade helps rich nations and hurts poor nations.
答案: 【 Trade can make every nation better off.】
2、判断题：
Trade allows each person to specialize in the activities he or she does best, thus increasing each individual's productivity.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
第二篇 供给与需求I市场如何运行
单元测验2： 第二篇（供给与需求：市场如何运行）
1、单选题：
In a market economy, supply and demand determine
选项：
A: both the quantity of each good produced and the price at which it is sold.
B: the quantity of each good produced but not the price at which it is sold.
C: the price at which each good is sold but not the quantity of each good produced.
D: neither the quantity of each good produced nor the price at which it is sold.
答案: 【 both the quantity of each good produced and the price at which it is sold. 】
2、单选题：
The quantity demanded of a good is the amount that buyers are
选项：
A: willing to purchase.
B: willing and able to purchase.
C: willing, able, and need to purchase.
D: able to purchase.
答案: 【 willing and able to purchase.】
3、单选题：
A decrease in quantity demanded
选项：
A: results in a movement downward and to the right along a demand curve.
B: results in a movement upward and to the left along a demand curve.
C: shifts the demand curve to the left.
D: shifts the demand curve to the right.
答案: 【 results in a movement upward and to the left along a demand curve.】
4、单选题：
Adam Smith suggested that an invisible had guides market economies. In this analogy, what is the baton that the invisible hand uses to conduct the economic orchestra?
选项：
A: the government
B: prices
C: subsidies
D: the Federal Reserve
答案: 【 prices】
5、单选题：
Elasticity is
选项：
A: a measure of how much buyers and sellers respond to changes in market conditions.
B: the study of how the allocation of resources affects economic well-being.
C: the maximum amount that a buyer will pay for a good.
D: the value of everything a seller must give up to produce a good.
答案: 【 a measure of how much buyers and sellers respond to changes in market conditions.】
6、单选题：
Suppose there is a 6 percent increase in the price of good X and a resulting 6 percent decrease in the quantity of X demanded. Price elasticity of demand for X is
选项：
A: 0.
B: 1.
C: 6.
D: 36.
答案: 【 1.】
7、单选题：
Goods with many close substitutes tend to have
选项：
A: more elastic demands.
B: less elastic demands.
C: price elasticities of demand that are unit elastic.
D: income elasticities of demand that are negative.
答案: 【 more elastic demands.】
8、单选题：
If two goods are substitutes, their cross-price elasticity will be
选项：
A: positive.
B: negative.
C: zero.
D: equal to the difference between the income elasticities of demand for the two goods.
答案: 【 positive.】
9、单选题：
A price ceiling is binding when it is set
选项：
A: above the equilibrium price, causing a shortage.
B: above the equilibrium price, causing a surplus.
C: below the equilibrium price, causing a shortage.
D: below the equilibrium price, causing a surplus.
答案: 【 below the equilibrium price, causing a shortage.】
10、单选题：
If the government wants to reduce smoking, it should impose a tax on
选项：
A: buyers of cigarettes.
B: sellers of cigarettes.
C: either buyers or sellers of cigarettes.
D: whichever side of the market is less elastic.
答案: 【 either buyers or sellers of cigarettes.】
11、判断题：
If something happens to alter the quantity demanded at any given price, then the demand curve shifts.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
12、判断题：
If orange juice and apple juice are substitutes, an increase in the price of orange juice will shift the demand curve for apple juice to the left.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
13、判断题：
In general, demand curves for necessities tend to be price elastic.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
14、判断题：
Price elasticity of demand along a linear, downward-sloping demand curve increases as price falls.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
15、判断题：
When demand is inelastic, a decrease in price increases total revenue.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
16、判断题：
Normal goods have negative income elasticities of demand, while inferior goods have positive income elasticities of demand.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
17、判断题：
At the equilibrium price, the quantity that buyers want to buy exactly equals the quantity that sellers want to sell.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
18、判断题：
The effects of rent control in the long run include lower rents and lower-quality housing.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
19、判断题：
Not all sellers benefit from a binding price floor.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
20、判断题：
Who bears the majority of a tax burden depends on whether the tax is placed on the buyers or the sellers.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
第三篇 供给与需求II市场与福利
单元测验3：第三篇（供给与需求II：市场与福利）
1、单选题：
Welfare economics is the study of
选项：
A: taxes and subsidies.
B: how technology is best put to use in the production of goods and services.
C: government welfare programs for needy people.
D: how the allocation of resources affects economic well-being.
答案: 【 how the allocation of resources affects economic well-being.】
2、单选题：
Consumer surplus is
选项：
A: the amount a buyer is willing to pay for a good minus the amount the buyer actually pays for it.
B: the amount a buyer is willing to pay for a good minus the cost of producing the good.
C: the amount by which the quantity supplied of a good exceeds the quantity demanded of the good.
D: a buyer's willingness to pay for a good plus the price of the good.
答案: 【 the amount a buyer is willing to pay for a good minus the amount the buyer actually pays for it.】
3、单选题：
If a consumer places a value of $20 on a particular good and if the price of the good is $25, then the
选项：
A: consumer has consumer surplus of $5 if he buys the good.
B: consumer does not purchase the good.
C: price of the good will rise due to market forces.
D: market is out of equilibrium.
答案: 【 consumer does not purchase the good. 】
4、单选题：
If Gina sells a shirt for $40, and her producer surplus from the sale is $32, her cost must have been
选项：
A: $72.
B: $32.
C: $8.
D: We would have to know the consumer surplus in order to make this determination.
答案: 【 $8. 】
5、单选题：
Inefficiency exists in an economy when a good is
选项：
A: not being consumed by buyers who value it most highly.
B: not distributed fairly among buyers.
C: not produced because buyers do not value it very highly.
D: being produced with less than all available resources.
答案: 【 not being consumed by buyers who value it most highly.】
6、单选题：
When a tax is imposed on a good, the
选项：
A: supply curve for the good always shifts.
B: demand curve for the good always shifts.
C: amount of the good that buyers are willing to buy at each price always remains unchanged.
D: equilibrium quantity of the good always decreases.
答案: 【 equilibrium quantity of the good always decreases. 】
7、单选题：
Taxes cause deadweight losses because they
选项：
A: lead to losses in surplus for consumers and for producers that, when taken together, exceed tax revenue collected by the government.
B: distort incentives to both buyers and sellers.
C: prevent buyers and sellers from realizing some of the gains from trade.
D: All of the answers are correct.
答案: 【 All of the answers are correct.】
8、单选题：
The deadweight loss from a $3 tax will be largest in a market with
选项：
A: inelastic supply and elastic demand.
B: inelastic supply and inelastic demand.
C: elastic supply and elastic demand.
D: elastic supply and inelastic demand.
答案: 【 elastic supply and elastic demand.】
9、单选题：
The before-trade price of fish in Denmark is $10.00 per pound. The world price of fish is $6.00 per pound. Denmark is a price-taker in the fish market. If Denmark begins to allow trade in fish, its consumers of fish will become
选项：
A: better off, its producers of fish will become better off, and on balance the citizens of Denmark will become better off.
B: worse off, its producers of fish will become better off, and on balance the citizens of Denmark will become worse off.
C: worse off, its producers of fish will become better off, and on balance the citizens of Denmark will become worse off.
D: better off, its producers of fish will become worse off, and on balance the citizens of Denmark will become better off.
答案: 【 better off, its producers of fish will become worse off, and on balance the citizens of Denmark will become better off.】
10、单选题：
Suppose Iran imposes a tariff on lumber. For the tariff to have any effect, it must be the case that
选项：
A: Iran is an exporter of lumber.
B: the domestic quantity of lumber supplied exceeds the domestic quantity of lumber demanded at the world price without the tariff.
C: the world price without the tariff is less than the price of lumber without trade.
D: the world price without the tariff is greater than the price of lumber without trade.
答案: 【 the world price without the tariff is less than the price of lumber without trade. 】
11、单选题：
Which of the following is correct?
选项：
A: Consumer surplus refers to a situation in which there are more buyers than sellers in a market.
B: Producer surplus refers to a situation in which there are more sellers than buyers in a market
C: Total surplus is measured as the area below the demand curve and above the supply curve, up to the equilibrium quantity
D: All the answers are correct.
答案: 【 Total surplus is measured as the area below the demand curve and above the supply curve, up to the equilibrium quantity】
12、单选题：
If an allocation of resources is efficient, then
选项：
A: consumer surplus is maximized
B: producer surplus is maximized.
C: all potential gains from trade among buyers are sellers are being realized
D: the allocation achieves equality as well.
答案: 【 all potential gains from trade among buyers are sellers are being realized】
13、单选题：
The "invisible hand" refers to
选项：
A: the marketplace guiding the self-interests of market participants into promoting general economic well-being.
B: the fact that social planners sometimes have to intervene, even in perfectly competitive markets, to make those markets more efficient.
C: the equality that results from market forces allocating the goods produced in the market.
D: the automatic maximization of consumer surplus in free markets.
答案: 【 the marketplace guiding the self-interests of market participants into promoting general economic well-being.】
14、单选题：
Suppose that the equilibrium price in the market for widgets is $5. If a law increased the minimum legal price for widgets to $6,
选项：
A: the resulting increase in consumer surplus would be larger than any possible loss of producer surplus.
B: the resulting increase in consumer surplus would be smaller than any possible loss of producer surplus.
C: any possible increase in producer surplus would be larger than the loss of consumer surplus.
D: any possible increase in producer surplus would be smaller than the loss of consumer surplus.
答案: 【 any possible increase in producer surplus would be smaller than the loss of consumer surplus.】
15、单选题：
If a market is allowed to adjust freely to its equilibrium price and quantity, then an increase in demand will
选项：
A: increase producer surplus.
B: reduce producer surplus.
C: not affect producer surplus.
D: Any answer is possible.
答案: 【 increase producer surplus.】
16、单选题：
Inefficiency can be caused in a market by the presence of
选项：
A: market power.
B: externalities.
C: imperfectly competitive markets.
D: All the answers are correct.
答案: 【 All the answers are correct.】
17、单选题：
Market failure is the inability of
选项：
A: buyers to interact harmoniously with sellers in the market.
B: a market to establish an equilibrium price.
C: buyers to place a value on the good or service.
D: some unregulated markets to allocate resources efficiently
答案: 【 some unregulated markets to allocate resources efficiently】
18、单选题：
If the current allocation of resources in the market for hammers is inefficient, then it must be the case that
选项：
A: producer surplus exceeds consumer surplus in the market for hammers.
B: consumer surplus exceeds producer surplus in the market for hammers
C: the sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus could be increased by moving to a different allocation of resources.
D: the costs that sellers of hammers are incurring could be reduced by moving to a different allocation of resources.
答案: 【 the sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus could be increased by moving to a different allocation of resources.】
19、单选题：
Coffee and tea are substitutes. Bad weather that sharply reduces the coffee bean harvest would
选项：
A: increase consumer surplus in the market for coffee and decrease producer surplus in the market for tea.
B: increase consumer surplus in the market for coffee and increase producer surplus in the market for tea.
C: decrease consumer surplus in the market for coffee and increase producer surplus in the market for tea.
D: decrease consumer surplus in the market for coffee and decrease producer surplus in the market for tea.
答案: 【 decrease consumer surplus in the market for coffee and increase producer surplus in the market for tea.】
20、单选题：
Many economists believe that restrictions against ticket scalping result in each of the following except
选项：
A: a smaller audience for cultural and sporting events.
B: shorter lines at cultural and sporting events.
C: less tax revenue for the state.
D: an increase in ticket prices.
答案: 【 shorter lines at cultural and sporting events.】
21、判断题：
Consumer surplus is the amount a buyer is willing to pay for a good minus the amount the buyer actually has to pay for it.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
22、判断题：
Consumer surplus measures the benefit to buyers of participating in a market.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
23、判断题：
Consumer surplus can be measured as the area between the demand curve and the equilibrium price.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
24、判断题：
Consumer surplus can be measured as the area between the demand curve and the supply curve
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
25、判断题：
All else equal, an increase in supply will cause an increase in consumer surplus
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
26、判断题：
All else equal, an increase in demand will always increase consumer surplus
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
27、判断题：
All else equal, an increase in demand will cause an increase in producer surplus
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
28、判断题：
All else equal, a decrease in demand will cause an increase in producer surplus
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
29、判断题：
The area below the price and above the supply curve measures the producer surplus in a market.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
30、判断题：
All else equal, a decrease in demand will cause an increase in producer surplus.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
31、判断题：
The area below the price and above the supply curve measures the producer surplus in a market
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
32、判断题：
The area below the demand curve and above the supply curve measures the producer surplus in a market.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
33、判断题：
If the government imposes a binding price ceiling in a market, then the producer surplus in that market will increase.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
34、判断题：
The lower the price, the lower the producer surplus, all else equal.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
35、判断题：
Economists generally believe that, although there may be advantages to society from ticket-scalping, the costs to society of this activity outweigh the benefits.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
36、判断题：
Economists argue that restrictions against ticket scalping actually drive up the cost of many tickets.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
37、判断题：
Efficiency is related to the size of the economic pie, whereas equality is related to how the pie gets sliced and distributed
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
38、判断题：
The current policy on kidney donation effectively sets a price ceiling of zero.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
39、判断题：
If a market is in equilibrium, then it is impossible for a social planner to raise economic welfare by increasing or decreasing the quantity of the good
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
40、判断题：
Unless markets are perfectly competitive, they may fail to maximize the total benefits to buyers and sellers.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
第四篇 公共部门经济学
单元测验4：第四篇（公共部门经济学）
1、单选题：
An externality is
选项：
A: the costs that parties incur in the process of agreeing and following through on a bargain.
B: the uncompensated impact of one person's actions on the well-being of a bystander.
C: the proposition that private parties can bargain without cost over the allocation of resources.
D: a market equilibrium tax.
答案: 【 the uncompensated impact of one person's actions on the well-being of a bystander.】
2、单选题：
Which of the following statements is correct?
选项：
A: Government should tax goods with either positive or negative externalities.
B: Government should tax goods with negative externalities and subsidize goods with positive externalities.
C: Government should subsidize goods with either positive or negative externalities.
D: Government should tax goods with positive externalities and subsidize goods with negative externalities.
答案: 【 Government should tax goods with negative externalities and subsidize goods with positive externalities.】
3、单选题：
Markets are often inefficient when negative externalities are present because
选项：
A: private costs exceed social costs at the private market solution.
B: externalities cannot be corrected without government regulation.
C: social costs exceed private costs at the private market solution.
D: production externalities lead to consumption externalities.
答案: 【 social costs exceed private costs at the private market solution.】
4、单选题：
The best remedy for market failure is often
选项：
A: a market-based solution.
B: shutdown of the market.
C: no government intervention.
D: externalizing the externalities.
答案: 【 a market-based solution.】
5、单选题：
The Coase theorem suggests that private markets may not be able to solve the problem of externalities
选项：
A: if the government does not become involved in the process.
B: when the number of interested parties is large and bargaining costs are high.
C: if the firm in the market is a monopoly.
D: if some people benefit from the externality.
答案: 【 when the number of interested parties is large and bargaining costs are high.】
6、单选题：
Altering incentives so that people take account of the external effects of their actions
选项：
A: is called internalizing the externality.
B: can be done by imposing a corrective tax.
C: is the role of government in markets with externalities.
D: all the answers are correct.
答案: 【 all the answers are correct.】
7、单选题：
For private goods allocated in markets,
选项：
A: prices guide the decisions of buyers and sellers and these decisions lead to an efficient allocation of resources.
B: prices guide the decisions of buyers and sellers and these decisions lead to an inefficient allocation of resources.
C: the government guides the decisions of buyers and sellers and these decisions lead to an efficient allocation of resources.
D: the government guides the decisions of buyers and sellers and these decisions lead to an inefficient allocation of resources.
答案: 【 prices guide the decisions of buyers and sellers and these decisions lead to an efficient allocation of resources.】
8、单选题：
The provision of a public good generates a
选项：
A: positive externality, as does the use of a common resource.
B: positive externality and the use of a common resource generates a negative externality.
C: negative externality, as does the use of a common resource.
D: negative externality and the use of a common resource generates a positive externality.
答案: 【 positive externality and the use of a common resource generates a negative externality.】
9、单选题：
Goods that are not excludable include both
选项：
A: private goods and public goods.
B: club goods and common resources.
C: common resources and public goods.
D: private goods and club goods.
答案: 【 common resources and public goods.】
10、单选题：
The free-rider problem
选项：
A: forces the supply of a public good to exceed its demand.
B: results in common resources becoming club goods.
C: explains why many local governments supply public goods.
D: results in public goods becoming private goods.
答案: 【 explains why many local governments supply public goods.】
11、单选题：
In a market economy, government intervention
选项：
A: will always improve market outcomes
B: reduces efficiency in the presence of externalities
C: may improve market outcomes in the presence of externalities
D: is necessary to control individual greed
答案: 【 may improve market outcomes in the presence of externalities】
12、单选题：
An externality is an example of
选项：
A: a corrective tax.
B: a tradable pollution permit.
C: a market failure.
D: an equilibrium.
答案: 【 a market failure.】
13、单选题：
A cost imposed on someone who is neither the consumer nor the producer is called a
选项：
A: corrective tax
B: command and control policy
C: positive externality
D: negative externality
答案: 【 negative externality】
14、单选题：
Which of the following statements about a well-maintained yard best conveys the general nature of the externality
选项：
A: A well-maintained yard conveys a positive externality because it increases the home's market value
B: A well-maintained yard conveys a negative externality because it increases the property tax liability of the owner
C: A well-maintained yard conveys a positive externality because it increases the value of adjacent properties in the neighborhood
D: A well-maintained yard cannot provide any type of externality
答案: 【 A well-maintained yard conveys a positive externality because it increases the value of adjacent properties in the neighborhood】
15、单选题：
Which of the following is not correct?
选项：
A: Markets allocate scarce resources with the forces of supply and demand
B: The equilibrium of supply and demand is typically an efficient allocation of resources
C: Governments can sometimes improve market outcomes
D: Externalities cannot be positive
答案: 【 Externalities cannot be positive】
16、单选题：
When goods do not have a price, which of the following primarily ensures that the good is produced?
选项：
A: buyers
B: sellers
C: government
D: the market
答案: 【 government】
17、单选题：
The provision of public goods gives rise to
选项：
A: no externalities
B: positive externalities
C: negative externalities
D: rivalries in consumption
答案: 【 positive externalities】
18、单选题：
Both public goods and common resources are
选项：
A: rival in consumption
B: nonrival in consumption
C: excludable
D: nonexcludable
答案: 【 nonexcludable】
19、单选题：
When something of value has no price attached to it,
选项：
A: externalities will be present
B: production of the product has no cost
C: government should not intervene to produce the product
D: private companies will eventually produce the product, and the good will no longer be free
答案: 【 externalities will be present】
20、单选题：
If one person's use of a good diminishes another person's enjoyment of it, the good is
选项：
A: rival in consumption
B: excludable
C: normal
D: exhaustible
答案: 【 rival in consumption】
21、判断题：
Markets sometimes fail to allocate resources efficiently
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
22、判断题：
When a transaction between a buyer and seller directly affects a third party, the effect is called an externality
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
23、判断题：
Barking dogs cannot be considered an externality because externalities must be associated with some form of market exchange
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
24、判断题：
Research into new technologies conveys neither negative externalities nor positive externalities
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
25、判断题：
The social cost of pollution includes the private costs of the producers plus the costs to those bystanders adversely affected by the pollution
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
26、判断题：
When firms internalize a negative externality, the market supply curve shifts to the left
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
27、判断题：
Government subsidized scholarships are an example of a government policy aimed at correcting negative externalities associated with education
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
28、判断题：
A congestion toll imposed on a highway driver to force the driver to take into account the increase in travel time she imposes on all other drivers is an example of internalizing the externality
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
29、判断题：
The government can internalize externalities by taxing goods that have negative externalities and subsidizing goods that have positive externalities
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
30、判断题：
Government intervention in the economy with the goal of promoting technology-producing industries is known as patent policy
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
31、判断题：
A technology spillover is a type of negative externality
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
32、判断题：
The concept of external cost is associated with a negative externality, but not with a positive externality
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
33、判断题：
When market activity generates a negative externality, the level of output in the market equilibrium is lower than the socially optimal level
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
34、判断题：
To determine the optimal level of output in a market with negative externalities, a benevolent social planner would look for the level of output at which private cost equals private value.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
35、判断题：
A good that is excludable but not rival is known as a club good
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
36、判断题：
Concerts in arenas are not excludable because it is virtually impossible to prevent someone from seeing the show
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
37、判断题：
A good that is excludable is one that someone can be prevented from using if she did not pay for it
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
38、判断题：
Common resources and public goods have in common that they are not excludable and they are not rival in consumption
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
39、判断题：
A free-rider is someone who receives the benefit of a good but avoids paying for it
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
40、判断题：
Even economists who advocate small government agree that national defense is a good that the government should provide
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
第五篇 企业行为与产业组织
单元测验5：第五篇（企业成本及完全竞争市场）
1、单选题：
A firm has market power if it can
选项：
A: maximize profits
B: minimize costs.
C: influence the market price of the good it sells.
D: hire as many workers as it needs at the prevailing wage rate
答案: 【 influence the market price of the good it sells.】
2、单选题：
A book store that has market power can
选项：
A: influence the market price for the books it sells.
B: minimize costs more efficiently than its competitors.
C: reduce its advertising budget more so than its competitors.
D: ignore profit-maximizing strategies when setting the price for its books.
答案: 【 influence the market price for the books it sells.】
3、单选题：
The analysis of competitive firms sheds light on the decisions that lie behind the
选项：
A: demand curve.
B: supply curve.
C: way firms make pricing decisions in the not-for-profit sector of the economy.
D: way financial markets set interest rates
答案: 【 supply curve.】
4、单选题：
For any competitive market, the supply curve is closely related to the
选项：
A: preferences of consumers who purchase products in that market.
B: income tax rates of consumers in that market.
C: firms’ costs of production in that market
D: interest rates on government bonds
答案: 【 firms’ costs of production in that market】
5、单选题：
Suppose a firm in each of the two markets listed below were to increase its price by 20 percent. In which pair would the firm in the first market listed experience a dramatic decline in sales, but the firm in the second market listed would not?
选项：
A: corn and soybeans
B: gasoline and restaurants
C: water and cable television
D: spiral notebooks and college textbooks
答案: 【 spiral notebooks and college textbooks】
6、单选题：
Suppose a firm in each of the two markets listed below were to increase its price by 30 percent. In which pair would the firm in the first market listed experience a dramatic decline in sales, but the firm in the second market listed would not?
选项：
A: oil and natural gas
B: cable television and gasoline
C: restaurants and MP3 players
D: movie theaters and ballpoint pens
答案: 【 cable television and gasoline】
7、单选题：
A key characteristic of a competitive market is that
选项：
A: government antitrust laws regulate competition
B: producers sell nearly identical products.
C: firms minimize total costs.
D: firms have price setting power.
答案: 【 producers sell nearly identical products.】
8、单选题：
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a competitive market?
选项：
A: Buyers and sellers are price takers.
B: Each firm sells a virtually identical product.
C: Entry is limited
D: Each firm chooses an output level that maximizes profits.
答案: 【 Entry is limited】
9、单选题：
Which of the following is a characteristic of a competitive market?
选项：
A: There are many buyers but few sellers.
B: Firms sell differentiated products.
C: There are many barriers to entry.
D: Buyers and sellers are price takers.
答案: 【 Buyers and sellers are price takers.】
10、单选题：
Who is a price taker in a competitive market?
选项：
A: buyers only
B: sellers only
C: both buyers and sellers
D: neither buyers nor sellers
答案: 【 both buyers and sellers】
11、单选题：
Competitive markets are characterized by
选项：
A: a small number of buyers and sellers.
B: unique products.
C: the interdependence of firms.
D: free entry and exit by firms.
答案: 【 free entry and exit by firms.】
12、单选题：
A firm that has little ability to influence market prices operates in a
选项：
A: competitive market.
B: strategic market.
C: thin market
D: power market.
答案: 【 competitive market.】
13、单选题：
Because the goods offered for sale in a competitive market are largely the same,
选项：
A: there will be few sellers in the market.
B: there will be few buyers in the market.
C: only a few buyers will have market power.
D: sellers will have little reason to charge less than the going market price.
答案: 【 sell