大学MOOC 大学英语II(宁波工程学院)1462871161 最新慕课完整章节测试答案
第一、二周
1.3 第一单元词汇测试
1、单选题：
Some home and office buildings in the U.S are now being heated with __________ energy.
选项：
A: lunar
B: solar
C: natural
D: water
答案: 【 solar 】
2、单选题：
On July 20th, 1969, two American __________ planted the first human footsteps on the moon.
选项：
A: visitors
B: pilots
C: scientists
D: astronauts
答案: 【 astronauts】
3、单选题：
For thousands of years __________ have been looking at the moon, studying its appearance and its motion through the sky.
选项：
A: astronomers
B: writers
C: educators
D: detectors
答案: 【 astronomers】
4、单选题：
The ancient Babylon calendar was quite similar to the Chinese __________ calendar.
选项：
A: astral
B: lunar
C: solar
D: man-made
答案: 【 lunar】
5、单选题：
At one time or another every thinking person had speculated about his place in the __________.
选项：
A: air
B: city
C: cosmos
D: country
答案: 【 cosmos】
6、单选题：
For three years, the __________ followed one another. It's unlucky for them.
选项：
A: disasters
B: harvests
C: invitation
D: desert
答案: 【 disasters】
7、单选题：
New York is considered as a __________ in the business.
选项：
A: cosmopolis
B: capital
C: well-known place
D: tourist attraction
答案: 【 cosmopolis】
8、单选题：
Seagulls glided overhead on __________ currents.
选项：
A: sea
B: swift
C: wings
D: aerial
答案: 【 aerial】
9、单选题：
Now we know that the fishes in the sea are all __________.
选项：
A: brown
B: salty
C: pretty
D: brutal
答案: 【 salty】
10、单选题：
A/An __________ alerts the readers to look for additional information at the foot of the paper.
选项：
A: pure
B: acid
C: ashy
D: asterisk
答案: 【 asterisk】
11、单选题：
If you want to put out a fire, you may draw water from a __________ in the street.
选项：
A: hydrant
B: thermos
C: spittoon
D: basin
答案: 【 hydrant】
12、单选题：
We have stored a lot of __________ vegatables for the winter.
选项：
A: counterfeit
B: sightly
C: dehydrated
D: sour
答案: 【 dehydrated】
13、单选题：
Most of the children are in favor of going to the __________, for they are interested in living fish and water plants.
选项：
A: orchard
B: aquarium
C: grocery
D: laundry
答案: 【 aquarium】
14、单选题：
In about 3,000 B.C., Iberians settled on British islands and brought them __________ culture.
选项：
A: neolithic
B: magnificent
C: truthful
D: polite
答案: 【 neolithic】
15、单选题：
__________ would have people believe that their lives are regulated by the movements of the stars, planets, sun, and moon.
选项：
A: A dwarf
B: A coach
C: An acrobat
D: An astrologer
答案: 【 An astrologer】
16、单选题：
In 1997, they saw evidence of planets near other stars like the sun. But scientists now think that life could be even nearer in our own __________ system.
选项：
A: solar
B: lunar
C: earthly
D: planetary
答案: 【 solar】
17、单选题：
He patiently waited , then when I was done , he said he would like Chinese New Year did not begin January first , and that Chinese New Year ,which is tied to the __________ cycle ,is one of the most celebrated holidays on the Chinese calendar .
选项：
A: planet
B: solar
C: lunar
D: major
答案: 【 lunar】
18、单选题：
Many people believe we are heading for environmental __________ unless we radically change way we live.
选项：
A: protection
B: deterioration
C: destruction
D: disaster
答案: 【 disaster】
19、单选题：
Such discoveries are likely to have revolutionary consequences for biology, __________ and philosophy. They may change the way we look at ourselves and our place in the universe.
选项：
A: expectancy
B: astronomy
C: psychology
D: environtology
答案: 【 astronomy】
20、单选题：
While company managers have known about the benefits for a long time, many have done little about it, sceptical of whether they could trust their employees to work to full __________ without supervision, or concerned about the additional expenses teleworking policies might incur as staff start charging their home phone bills to the business.
选项：
A: capacity
B: accuracy
C: expectancy
D: proposals
答案: 【 capacity】
1.4 第一单元阅读理解
1、单选题：
1. The story of creation In the beginning, before time began, the Bible tells us how God created the world. The earth was an empty and dark place and there was no life or light. In the six days, God created the world and everything living on the earth. The first thing God created was the light. God said, ”let there be light.” Suddenly, the first bright light began to shine on the empty, stormy waters covering the earth. God saw the light was good and he named the light “day”, and he called the darkness “night.” Now, God commanded the waters covering the whole earth to pull back. God divided the earth between the dry land and the big seas. And so it happened. Now the world had mountains and valleys. It had lakes and rivers. And God said “let the earth be filled with green grass.” He put tall trees and beautiful flowers everywhere. He filled the world with color. And God saw all he created was wonderful and said to himself, “this is good.” On the fourth day, God made the sun, the moon, and the stars. He made the sun shine from the sky during the day and the moon to shine in the night along with all the countless glittering stars of the universe. But the earth was very quiet and still because no living beings had been created. Then, on the fifth day, God created fish in the seas and rivers, and birds to fly through the sky. On the sixth day, God made animals of every kind to live on the dry land of the earth. God made every animal you can think of, from elephants and zebra’s, lions and cattle, sheep, dogs and cats, to all the smallest creature you can find on the earth. When God had created all this, He said, “this is really, really, good.” God was almost finished creating the world, but something important was still missing. God knew the fantastic of all this creations had not yet been created. 1.Which of the following is true according to the passage？
选项：
A: God only created rivers on the fourth day
B: All animals that God created were small
C: God made the sun on the fifth day
D: God saw all he created was wonderful
答案: 【 God saw all he created was wonderful 】
2、单选题：
1. The story of creation In the beginning, before time began, the Bible tells us how God created the world. The earth was an empty and dark place and there was no life or light. In the six days, God created the world and everything living on the earth. The first thing God created was the light. God said, ”let there be light.” Suddenly, the first bright light began to shine on the empty, stormy waters covering the earth. God saw the light was good and he named the light “day”, and he called the darkness “night.” Now, God commanded the waters covering the whole earth to pull back. God divided the earth between the dry land and the big seas. And so it happened. Now the world had mountains and valleys. It had lakes and rivers. And God said “let the earth be filled with green grass.” He put tall trees and beautiful flowers everywhere. He filled the world with color. And God saw all he created was wonderful and said to himself, “this is good.” On the fourth day, God made the sun, the moon, and the stars. He made the sun shine from the sky during the day and the moon to shine in the night along with all the countless glittering stars of the universe. But the earth was very quiet and still because no living beings had been created. Then, on the fifth day, God created fish in the seas and rivers, and birds to fly through the sky. On the sixth day, God made animals of every kind to live on the dry land of the earth. God made every animal you can think of, from elephants and zebra’s, lions and cattle, sheep, dogs and cats, to all the smallest creature you can find on the earth. When God had created all this, He said, “this is really, really, good.” God was almost finished creating the world, but something important was still missing. God knew the fantastic of all this creations had not yet been created. 2. What can be predicted according to the passage？
选项：
A: God will disappeare in a certain moment.
B: God will enlarge the dry land.
C: God knew the fantastic of all this creations had not yet been created.
D: God will empower the animal.
答案: 【 God knew the fantastic of all this creations had not yet been created.】
3、单选题：
2. Adam and Eve On the sixth day God said, “I want to create people. They shall have a conscience, so they can think, know and love me, and love each other. I will make them masters of everything I have made, so they can take care of all the things I just have created.” God took dust from the dry land and he formed Adam, the first man. God gave Adam his shape and breathed life through his nostrils, so Adam became alive and started to breathe like all living things do. Adam opened his eyes and found himself in a wonderful garden, called Eden, which God had created for him.Adam was so excited about all the many animals which were surrounding him in the Garden of Eden. So he began to give all the animals names to tell them from one another. But Adam felt lonely, because among all the living beings he did not find any that looked liked him. Adam was the only human on the earth. God saw that it was not good for Adam to be alone and said, ”I will create a companion for Adam to be alone and said ,”I will create a companion for Adam so he will not be alone anymore.” So Adam fell into a deep sleep. God took out one of his ribs and from it he created a companion for Adam, called eve. When Adam woke up from his deep sleep and opened his eyes he saw this new person. He said, “She shall be called woman, because she came from man.” God blessed Adam and Eve and told them to be happy and enjoy all that he had created. God said, “Have children and let them help you in taking care of everything which I have created. I want every corner of the earth to be full of life and want everything to prosper, blossom and grow. You can find the garden I have made for you, but do not eat the fruit of the tree of knowledge. If you do so, you will die.” After these first six days when time had just begun and God had created everything, he said, “everything is perfect now. This is very very good.” 3. What can be inferred from the passage?
选项：
A: The companion for Adam was called woman.
B: Women came from man’s rib.
C: God gave two warnings to Adam and Eve.
D: Adam was a threat to other creatures in the Garden of Eden.
答案: 【 Women came from man’s rib.】
4、单选题：
2. Adam and Eve On the sixth day God said, “I want to create people. They shall have a conscience, so they can think, know and love me, and love each other. I will make them masters of everything I have made, so they can take care of all the things I just have created.” God took dust from the dry land and he formed Adam, the first man. God gave Adam his shape and breathed life through his nostrils, so Adam became alive and started to breathe like all living things do. Adam opened his eyes and found himself in a wonderful garden, called Eden, which God had created for him. Adam was so excited about all the many animals which were surrounding him in the Garden of Eden. So he began to give all the animals names to tell them from one another. But Adam felt lonely, because among all the living beings he did not find any that looked liked him. Adam was the only human on the earth. God saw that it was not good for Adam to be alone and said, ”I will create a companion for Adam to be alone and said ,”I will create a companion for Adam so he will not be alone anymore.” So Adam fell into a deep sleep. God took out one of his ribs and from it he created a companion for Adam, called eve. When Adam woke up from his deep sleep and opened his eyes he saw this new person. He said, “She shall be called woman, because she came from man.” God blessed Adam and Eve and told them to be happy and enjoy all that he had created. God said, “Have children and let them help you in taking care of everything which I have created. I want every corner of the earth to be full of life and want everything to prosper, blossom and grow. You can find the garden I have made for you, but do not eat the fruit of the tree of knowledge. If you do so, you will die.” After these first six days when time had just begun and God had created everything, he said, “everything is perfect now. This is very very good.” 4.What do we know about Adam’s companion？
选项：
A: She was called as Adam’s best friend.
B: She liked animals very much.
C: Her appearance made Adam sad.
D: She made Adam not alone anymore.
答案: 【 She made Adam not alone anymore.】
5、单选题：
3. The Fall It looked as if nothing could destroy the happiness Adam and Eve experienced in the Garden of Eden where God had created everything so wonderful and perfect. But one day when Eve was standing near the tree of knowledge, looking at the fruit she could not to eat, she heard the voice of creature named Satan. Satan could make himself look like any animal and he now looked like a snake and said to Eve, “Has God really told you not to eat of the fruit of the tree? Are you really sure God meant what he said?”“Yes, I am sure God has said we cannot eat from this fruit,” Eve said. “But are you sure you cannot just have a little bite of the fruit? I can tell you they really taste good” Satan tempted. And Eve could not stand the temptation. She reached out and took fruit from tree, tasted it and she ate it. She also gave some of it to Adam and he ate it, too. But as soon as they had eaten from the fruit they felt bad. Everything was suddenly different and they were ashamed for what they had done. They also realized that they were naked and were hiding in shame. In the evening when God came walking through the garden, Adam and Eve dared not to go out and meet him. So God was calling out,“Adam, where are you?”“Here I am,” said Adam and God could hear how Adam’s voice had completely changed. And God said, “So, did you eat from the fruit I had forbidden you to eat?”“Actually, it was Eve, the woman you gave to me. She made me eat the fruit,” Adam said. And Eve said, “No, it was the evil snake that tempted me and made me eat from the tree.” But God was angry and said, “I have told you very often not to eat from this fruit and this means you cannot be here in the garden any longer. Now I have to throw you out of the Garden of Eden forever and you will have to live on the earth where you must take care of yourself. And you will no longer be able to speak with me face to face like you have done here in Eden.” It was a very sad day when Adam and Eve had to leave the garden. An angel holding a flaming sword was guarding the entrance to Eden preventing anybody ever to enter into the garden again. The paradise in the garden with God was lost for Adam and Eve. But God still loved Adam and Eve. God did not forget them. 5. The underlined word “tempted” in the second paragraph can be replaced by
选项：
A: seduced
B: suggested
C: stimulated
D: encouraged
答案: 【 seduced】
6、单选题：
3. The Fall It looked as if nothing could destroy the happiness Adam and Eve experienced in the Garden of Eden where God had created everything so wonderful and perfect. But one day when Eve was standing near the tree of knowledge, looking at the fruit she could not to eat, she heard the voice of creature named Satan. Satan could make himself look like any animal and he now looked like a snake and said to Eve, “Has God really told you not to eat of the fruit of the tree? Are you really sure God meant what he said?”“Yes, I am sure God has said we cannot eat from this fruit,” Eve said. “But are you sure you cannot just have a little bite of the fruit? I can tell you they really taste good” Satan tempted. And Eve could not stand the temptation. She reached out and took fruit from tree, tasted it and she ate it. She also gave some of it to Adam and he ate it, too. But as soon as they had eaten from the fruit they felt bad. Everything was suddenly different and they were ashamed for what they had done. They also realized that they were naked and were hiding in shame. In the evening when God came walking through the garden, Adam and Eve dared not to go out and meet him. So God was calling out,“Adam, where are you?”“Here I am,” said Adam and God could hear how Adam’s voice had completely changed. And God said, “So, did you eat from the fruit I had forbidden you to eat?”“Actually, it was Eve, the woman you gave to me. She made me eat the fruit,” Adam said. And Eve said, “No, it was the evil snake that tempted me and made me eat from the tree.” But God was angry and said, “I have told you very often not to eat from this fruit and this means you cannot be here in the garden any longer. Now I have to throw you out of the Garden of Eden forever and you will have to live on the earth where you must take care of yourself. And you will no longer be able to speak with me face to face like you have done here in Eden.” It was a very sad day when Adam and Eve had to leave the garden. An angel holding a flaming sword was guarding the entrance to Eden preventing anybody ever to enter into the garden again. The paradise in the garden with God was lost for Adam and Eve. But God still loved Adam and Eve. God did not forget them. 6.What is the passage mainly about?
选项：
A: Satan tempted Adam and Eve.
B: Paradise in the garden of Eden
C: Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit.
D: The reason why Adam and Eve had to leave the garden.
答案: 【 Paradise in the garden of Eden】
7、单选题：
4. Great floodThe LORD saw that humanity had become thoroughly evil on the earth and that every idea their minds thought up was always completely evil. The LORD regretted making human beings on the earth, and he was heartbroken. So the LORD said, “I will wipe off of the land the human race that I’ve created: from human beings to livestock to the crawling things to the birds in the skies, because I regret I ever made them.” But as for Noah, the LORD approved of him. Noah was a moral and exemplary man; he walked with God.God said to Noah, “The end has come for all creatures, since they have filled the earth with violence. I am now about to destroy them along with the earth, so make a wooden ark. Make the ark with nesting places and cover it inside and out with tar. I am now bringing the floodwaters over the earth to destroy everything under the sky that breathes. Everything on earth is about to take its last breath. But I will set up my covenant with you. You will go into the ark together with your sons, your wife, and your sons’ wives. From all living things—from all creatures—you are to bring a pair, male and female, into the ark with you to keep them alive. From each kind of bird, from each kind of livestock, and from each kind of everything that crawls on the ground—a pair from each will go in with you to stay alive. Take some from every kind of food and stow it as food for you and for the animals.”Noah did everything exactly as God commanded him.The flood remained on the earth for forty days. Everything on dry land with life’s breath in its nostrils died. God wiped away every living thing that was on the fertile land—from human beings to livestock to crawling things to birds in the sky. They were wiped off the earth. Only Noah and those with him in the ark were left. The waters rose over the earth for one hundred fifty days.After forty days, Noah opened the window of the ark that he had made. He sent out a raven, and it flew back and forth until the waters over the entire earth had dried up. Then he sent out a dove to see if the waters on all of the fertile land had subsided, but the dove found no place to set its foot. It returned to him in the ark since waters still covered the entire earth. Noah stretched out his hand, took it, and brought it back into the ark. He waited seven more days and sent the dove out from the ark again. The dove came back to him in the evening, grasping a torn olive leaf in its beak. Then Noah knew that the waters were subsiding from the earth. He waited seven more days and sent out the dove, but it didn’t come back to him again. In Noah’s six hundred first year, on the first day of the first month, the waters dried up from the earth.7. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
选项：
A: Noah did everything as God commanded him
B: God made an ark just by himself
C: God wiped away every living thing except Noah and those with him
D: The LORD regretted making human beings on the earth
答案: 【 God made an ark just by himself】
8、单选题：
4. Great floodThe LORD saw that humanity had become thoroughly evil on the earth and that every idea their minds thought up was always completely evil. The LORD regretted making human beings on the earth, and he was heartbroken. So the LORD said, “I will wipe off of the land the human race that I’ve created: from human beings to livestock to the crawling things to the birds in the skies, because I regret I ever made them.” But as for Noah, the LORD approved of him. Noah was a moral and exemplary man; he walked with God.God said to Noah, “The end has come for all creatures, since they have filled the earth with violence. I am now about to destroy them along with the earth, so make a wooden ark. Make the ark with nesting places and cover it inside and out with tar. I am now bringing the floodwaters over the earth to destroy everything under the sky that breathes. Everything on earth is about to take its last breath. But I will set up my covenant with you. You will go into the ark together with your sons, your wife, and your sons’ wives. From all living things—from all creatures—you are to bring a pair, male and female, into the ark with you to keep them alive. From each kind of bird, from each kind of livestock, and from each kind of everything that crawls on the ground—a pair from each will go in with you to stay alive. Take some from every kind of food and stow it as food for you and for the animals.”Noah did everything exactly as God commanded him.The flood remained on the earth for forty days. Everything on dry land with life’s breath in its nostrils died. God wiped away every living thing that was on the fertile land—from human beings to livestock to crawling things to birds in the sky. They were wiped off the earth. Only Noah and those with him in the ark were left. The waters rose over the earth for one hundred fifty days.After forty days, Noah opened the window of the ark that he had made. He sent out a raven, and it flew back and forth until the waters over the entire earth had dried up. Then he sent out a dove to see if the waters on all of the fertile land had subsided, but the dove found no place to set its foot. It returned to him in the ark since waters still covered the entire earth. Noah stretched out his hand, took it, and brought it back into the ark. He waited seven more days and sent the dove out from the ark again. The dove came back to him in the evening, grasping a torn olive leaf in its beak. Then Noah knew that the waters were subsiding from the earth. He waited seven more days and sent out the dove, but it didn’t come back to him again. In Noah’s six hundred first year, on the first day of the first month, the waters dried up from the earth.8. What can be inferred from the passage?
选项：
A: The waters rose over the earth for one hundred forty days.
B: Noah was a moral man who despised God
C: God was very satisfied with human beings
D: Humanity had become thoroughly evil on the earth
答案: 【 Humanity had become thoroughly evil on the earth】
9、单选题：
5. Origin of languages and culturesAll people on the earth had one language and the same words. When they traveled east, they found a valley in the land of Shinar and settled there. They said to each other, “Come, let’s make bricks and bake them hard.” They used bricks for stones and asphalt for mortar. They said, “Come, let’s build for ourselves a city and a tower with its top in the sky, and let’s make a name for ourselves so that we won’t be dispersed over all the earth.”Then the LORD came down to see the city and the tower that the humans built. And the LORD said, “There is now one people and they all have one language. This is what they have begun to do, and now all that they plan to do will be possible for them. Come, let’s go down and mix up their language there so they won’t understand each other’s language.” Then the LORD dispersed them from there over all of the earth, and they stopped building the city. Therefore, it is named Babel, because there the LORD mixed up the language of all the earth; and from there the LORD dispersed them over all the earth.9. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
选项：
A: The LORD decided to mix up language so people can understand each other's language.
B: People used bricks for stones and asphalt for mortar.
C: People decided to make a name for themselves so that they won't be dispersed over all the earth.
D: All people on the earth had one language and the same words at the beginning.
答案: 【 The LORD decided to mix up language so people can understand each other's language.】
10、单选题：
5. Origin of languages and culturesAll people on the earth had one language and the same words. When they traveled east, they found a valley in the land of Shinar and settled there. They said to each other, “Come, let’s make bricks and bake them hard.” They used bricks for stones and asphalt for mortar. They said, “Come, let’s build for ourselves a city and a tower with its top in the sky, and let’s make a name for ourselves so that we won’t be dispersed over all the earth.”Then the LORD came down to see the city and the tower that the humans built. And the LORD said, “There is now one people and they all have one language. This is what they have begun to do, and now all that they plan to do will be possible for them. Come, let’s go down and mix up their language there so they won’t understand each other’s language.” Then the LORD dispersed them from there over all of the earth, and they stopped building the city. Therefore, it is named Babel, because there the LORD mixed up the language of all the earth; and from there the LORD dispersed them over all the earth.10. The underlined word in the passage can be replaced by?
选项：
A: Scattered.
B: Displaced
C: Discreted.
D: Stopped.
答案: 【 Scattered.】
11、单选题：
6.Why Read the BibleIf Bible readers everywhere could return their answers what diverse and interesting points of view the replies would bring! For instance，one perceives in the Bible record the worst and the best that men have always thought and felt; for him it is full of the universal motives of humanity. He has noticed, too, that in sketching often but the single act of a character, the Book brings the essential man or woman vividly out of the darkness and into the light for all time. As a student of men, we can imagine such a one replying that the Bible is “The Book of human Nature.” Another knows that it has been the inspiration of countless writers, and that its sayings and teachings are woven by the hundreds and thousands through and through the texture of our English masterpieces. A student of books might well say that the Bible is the chief “Source-Book of Our Literature.”Still another would say, “The Bible is the beginning of many of our customs. Our common law is largely founded on its laws and many of our institutions are based upon those it sanctions.” So a business man, a man of affairs, might very naturally call it, "The Foundation-Book of Christian Civilization.”For many the Bible is “The Book of Salvation,” pointing the way into the presence of God.Still others draw from it counsel and strength for those who depend upon them for guidance. “God could not be everywhere, so he made mothers.” And in their hands the Bible becomes “The Book of Character.”The marvel of it is that each of these viewpoints is true. And many others are equally true. For the Bible, like the diamond, reflects its light from many facets, Which one you see depends upon where you stand, upon your point of view. How clear and strong the light for you depends upon how far you have come within the circle of its radiance.11.Which of the following is not referred in the passage?
选项：
A: Literature.
B: Agriculture.
C: Law.
D: Personal character.
答案: 【 Agriculture.】
12、单选题：
6.Why Read the BibleIf Bible readers everywhere could return their answers what diverse and interesting points of view the replies would bring! For instance，one perceives in the Bible record the worst and the best that men have always thought and felt; for him it is full of the universal motives of humanity. He has noticed, too, that in sketching often but the single act of a character, the Book brings the essential man or woman vividly out of the darkness and into the light for all time. As a student of men, we can imagine such a one replying that the Bible is “The Book of human Nature.” Another knows that it has been the inspiration of countless writers, and that its sayings and teachings are woven by the hundreds and thousands through and through the texture of our English masterpieces. A student of books might well say that the Bible is the chief “Source-Book of Our Literature.”Still another would say, “The Bible is the beginning of many of our customs. Our common law is largely founded on its laws and many of our institutions are based upon those it sanctions.” So a business man, a man of affairs, might very naturally call it, "The Foundation-Book of Christian Civilization.”For many the Bible is “The Book of Salvation,” pointing the way into the presence of God.Still others draw from it counsel and strength for those who depend upon them for guidance. “God could not be everywhere, so he made mothers.” And in their hands the Bible becomes “The Book of Character.”The marvel of it is that each of these viewpoints is true. And many others are equally true. For the Bible, like the diamond, reflects its light from many facets, Which one you see depends upon where you stand, upon your point of view. How clear and strong the light for you depends upon how far you have come within the circle of its radiance.12.Which of the following is the best understanding of the underlined sentence?
选项：
A: God is not all mighty.
B: Mothers are helpers of God to guide people.
C: God is less powerful than mothers.
D: Mothers are as great as God.
答案: 【 Mothers are helpers of God to guide people.】
13、单选题：
7. Einstein and “God”The debate over Science and Religion is like catnip for anyone wanting to spout off about the improbability of God or the arrogance of scientists. The public seems to have an insatiable appetite for this debate. Many of the current debates in science and religion turn on how we define certain key words, like “God”, “transcendence”, and “religion”. A great deal also rides on how much of reality we think can be explained by another loaded word, “science.”Take the case of Albert Einstein. He died more than half a century ago, but there’s a huge debate right now between religious believers and atheists over who gets to claim Einstein, the most famous scientist of the last century. Einstein himself made a number of provocative and rather cryptic comments about religion. He called himself “a deeply religious nonbeliever.” He said, “Science without religion is lame; religion without science is blind.” Most famously, he proclaimed, “God does not play dice with the universe.” Who is this God that Einstein invoked? Was he simply using the word “God” as a synonym for order and harmony in the universe?I have asked a number of scientists, theologians, and Einstein scholars, and I’ve heard many different responses. “Einstein clearly was an atheist（无神论者）in the sense that he didn’t believe in a personal God,” Richard Dawkins says. “He used the word God as a metaphoric name for that which we don’t yet understand, for the deep mysteries of the universe.” The Nobel Prize-winning physicist and fellow atheist Steven Weinberg believes Einstein was just using poetic language when he talked about religion, which Weinsberg considers a mistake. “Clearly, what Einstein meant by God is so vague and so far from conventional religion, it seems to me a misuse of the word,” Weinsberg says. “The concept of God historically has had a fairly definite meaning. God was conscious. God was powerful. God was benevolent to some extent. If you’re not going to use God to mean something like that, then you shouldn’t use the word.”Walter Isaacson, Einstein’s biographer, has a very different perspective. He claims that Einstein was a deist（自然神论信仰者）who knew exactly what he was doing when he talked about “God” and “religion.” When he was asked whether he was just using the word symbolically, he said, no, he wasn’t,” Isaacson told me. “He talked about having a cosmic religion. He thought there was a spirit manifesting in the laws of the universe, and that was his notion of God.” 13. Which of the following is Not True according to the passage?
选项：
A: In the viewpoint of Rhchard Dawkins, the word “God” used by Einstein refers to the deep mysteries of the universe that people don’t yet understand.
B: Weinsberg holds that the word “God” can be used poetically.
C: Walter Isaacson believes that Einstein’s notion of God is the spirit that manifests in the laws of the universe.
D: People have different ideas on defining the word “God”.
答案: 【 Weinsberg holds that the word “God” can be used poetically.】
14、单选题：
7. Einstein and “God”The debate over Science and Religion is like catnip for anyone wanting to spout off about the improbability of God or the arrogance of scientists. The public seems to have an insatiable appetite for this debate. Many of the current debates in science and religion turn on how we define certain key words, like “God”, “transcendence”, and “religion”. A great deal also rides on how much of reality we think can be explained by another loaded word, “science.”Take the case of Albert Einstein. He died more than half a century ago, but there’s a huge debate right now between religious believers and atheists over who gets to claim Einstein, the most famous scientist of the last century. Einstein himself made a number of provocative and rather cryptic comments about religion. He called himself “a deeply religious nonbeliever.” He said, “Science without religion is lame; religion without science is blind.” Most famously, he proclaimed, “God does not play dice with the universe.” Who is this God that Einstein invoked? Was he simply using the word “God” as a synonym for order and harmony in the universe?I have asked a number of scientists, theologians, and Einstein scholars, and I’ve heard many different responses. “Einstein clearly was an atheist（无神论者）in the sense that he didn’t believe in a personal God,” Richard Dawkins says. “He used the word God as a metaphoric name for that which we don’t yet understand, for the deep mysteries of the universe.” The Nobel Prize-winning physicist and fellow atheist Steven Weinberg believes Einstein was just using poetic language when he talked about religion, which Weinsberg considers a mistake. “Clearly, what Einstein meant by God is so vague and so far from conventional religion, it seems to me a misuse of the word,” Weinsberg says. “The concept of God historically has had a fairly definite meaning. God was conscious. God was powerful. God was benevolent to some extent. If you’re not going to use God to mean something like that, then you shouldn’t use the word.”Walter Isaacson, Einstein’s biographer, has a very different perspective. He claims that Einstein was a deist（自然神论信仰者）who knew exactly what he was doing when he talked about “God” and “religion.” When he was asked whether he was just using the word symbolically, he said, no, he wasn’t,” Isaacson told me. “He talked about having a cosmic religion. He thought there was a spirit manifesting in the laws of the universe, and that was his notion of God.”14. Which of the following Can Not replace the underlined word “metaphoric”?
选项：
A: Figurative.
B: Symbolic.
C: Metaphorical.
D: Historical.
答案: 【 Historical.】
15、单选题：
8. Origin of Peace Symbols(1) The concept of peace is a very important one in cultures all over the world. Think about how we greet people. In some languages, the phrases for greetings contain the word for peace. In some cultures we greet people by shaking hands or with another gesture to show that we are not carrying weapons-that we come in peace. And there are certain symbols which people in very different cultures recognize as representing peace. Let's look at a few of them. The dove(2)The dove has been a symbol of peace and innocence for thousands of years in many different cultures. In ancient Greek mythology it was a symbol of love and the renewal of life. In ancient Japan a dove carrying a sword symbolized the end of war.(3)There was a tradition in Europe that if a dove flew around a house where someone was dying then their soul would be at peace. And there are legends which say that the devil can turn himself into any bird except for a dove. In Christian art , the dove was used to symbolize the Holy Ghost and was often painted above Christ's head .(4)But it was Pablo Picasso who made the dove a modern symbol of peace when he used it on a poster for the World Peace Congress in 1949. The rainbow(5)The rainbow is another ancient and universal symbol, often representing the connection between human beings and their gods. In Greek mythology it was associated with Iris, the goddess who brought messages from the gods on Mount Olympus. In Scandinavian mythology the rainbow was a bridge between the gods and the earth. In the Bible a rainbow showed Noah that the Biblical flood was finally over, and that God had forgiven his people. In the Chinese tradition, the rainbow is a common symbol for marriage because the colours represent the union of yin and yang. Nowadays the rainbow is used by many popular movements for peace and the environment, representing the possibility of a better world in the future and promising sunshine after the rain. Mistletoe(6)This plant was sacred in many cultures, generally representing peace and love. Most people know of the tradition of kissing under the mistletoe at Christmas time, which probably comes from Scandinavian mythology. The goddess Freya's son was killed by an arrow made of mistletoe, so, in honour of him, she declared that it would always be a symbol of peace. It was often hung in doorways as a sign of friendship. The olive branch(7)The olive tree has always been a valuable source of food and oil. In Greek mythology, the goddess Athena gave the olive tree to the people of Athens, who showed their gratitude by naming the city after her. But no one knows for sure when or why it began to symbolize peace. There is probably a connection with ancient Greece. Wars between states were suspended during the Olympic Games, and the winners were given crowns of olive branches. The symbolism may come from the fact that the olive tree takes a long time to produce fruit , so olives could only be cultivated successfully in long periods of peace. Whatever the history, the olive branch is a part of many modern flags symbolizing peace and unity. One well-known example is the United Nations symbol. The ankh(8) The ankh is an ancient symbol which was adopted by the hippie movement in the 1960s to represent peace and love. It was found in many Asian cultures, but is generally associated with ancient Egypt. It represented life and immortality. Egyptians were buried with an ankh, so that they could continue to live in the "afterworld". The symbol was also found along the sides of the Nile, which gave life to the people. They believed that the ankh could control the flow of the river and make sure that there was always enough water. 15. The origin of the ankh can date back to ________.
选项：
A: The Nile.
B: The "afterworld ".
C: The hippie movement.
D: Ancient Egypt.
答案: 【 Ancient Egypt.】
16、单选题：
8. Origin of Peace Symbols(1) The concept of peace is a very important one in cultures all over the world. Think about how we greet people. In some languages, the phrases for greetings contain the word for peace. In some cultures we greet people by shaking hands or with another gesture to show that we are not carrying weapons-that we come in peace. And there are certain symbols which people in very different cultures recognize as representing peace. Let's look at a few of them. The dove(2)The dove has been a symbol of peace and innocence for thousands of years in many different cultures. In ancient Greek mythology it was a symbol of love and the renewal of life. In ancient Japan a dove carrying a sword symbolized the end of war.(3)There was a tradition in Europe that if a dove flew around a house where someone was dying then their soul would be at peace. And there are legends which say that the devil can turn himself into any bird except for a dove. In Christian art , the dove was used to symbolize the Holy Ghost and was often painted above Christ's head .(4)But it was Pablo Picasso who made the dove a modern symbol of peace when he used it on a poster for the World Peace Congress in 1949. The rainbow(5)The rainbow is another ancient and universal symbol, often representing the connection between human beings and their gods. In Greek mythology it was associated with Iris, the goddess who brought messages from the gods on Mount Olympus. In Scandinavian mythology the rainbow was a bridge between the gods and the earth. In the Bible a rainbow showed Noah that the Biblical flood was finally over, and that God had forgiven his people. In the Chinese tradition, the rainbow is a common symbol for marriage because the colours represent the union of yin and yang. Nowadays the rainbow is used by many popular movements for peace and the environment, representing the possibility of a better world in the future and promising sunshine after the rain. Mistletoe(6)This plant was sacred in many cultures, generally representing peace and love. Most people know of the tradition of kissing under the mistletoe at Christmas time, which probably comes from Scandinavian mythology. The goddess Freya's son was killed by an arrow made of mistletoe, so, in honour of him, she declared that it would always be a symbol of peace. It was often hung in doorways as a sign of friendship. The olive branch(7)The olive tree has always been a valuable source of food and oil. In Greek mythology, the goddess Athena gave the olive tree to the people of Athens, who showed their gratitude by naming the city after her. But no one knows for sure when or why it began to symbolize peace. There is probably a connection with ancient Greece. Wars between states were suspended during the Olympic Games, and the winners were given crowns of olive branches. The symbolism may come from the fact that the olive tree takes a long time to produce fruit , so olives could only be cultivated successfully in long periods of peace. Whatever the history, the olive branch is a part of many modern flags symbolizing peace and unity. One well-known example is the United Nations symbol. The ankh(8) The ankh is an ancient symbol which was adopted by the hippie movement in the 1960s to represent peace and love. It was found in many Asian cultures, but is generally associated with ancient Egypt. It represented life and immortality. Egyptians were buried with an ankh, so that they could continue to live in the "afterworld". The symbol was also found along the sides of the Nile, which gave life to the people. They believed that the ankh could control the flow of the river and make sure that there was always enough water. 16. In North Europe mistletoe was often hung in doorways to indicate _______ .
选项：
A: Friendship.
B: Love.
C: Kinship.
D: Honour.
答案: 【 Friendship.】
17、单选题：
9. The Origin of the WorldThere are three schools of thought regarding the origin of the world. The first school of thought claims that this world came into existence by nature and that nature is not an intelligent force. However, nature works on its own accord and goes on changing.The second school of thought says that the world was created by an almighty God who is responsible for everything. The third school of thought says that the beginning of this world and of life is inconceivable since they have neither beginning nor end. Buddhism is in accordance with this third school of thought. Bertrand Russell supports this school of thought by saying, “There is no reason to suppose that the world had a beginning at all. The idea that things must have a beginning is really due to the poverty of our thoughts.”Modern science says that some millions of years ago, the newly cooled earth was lifeless and that life originated in the ocean. Buddhism never claimed that the world, sun, moon, stars, wind, water, days and nights were created by a powerful god or by a Buddha. Buddhists believe that the world was not created once upon a time, but that the world has been created millions of times every second and will continue to do so by itself and will break away by itself. According to Buddhism, world systems always appear and disappear in the universe.H.G. Wells, in A Short History of the World, says “It is universally recognized that the universe in which we live, has to all appearance, existed for an enormous period of time and possibly for endless time. But that the universe in which we live, has existed only for six or seven thousand years may be regarded as an altogether exploded idea. No life seems to have happened suddenly upon earth.”The efforts made by many religions to explain the beginning and the end of the universe are indeed ill-conceived. The position of religions which propound the view that the universe was created by god in an exactly fixed year, has become a difficult one to maintain in the light of modern and scientific knowledge.Today scientists, historians, astronomers, biologists, botanists, anthropologists and great thinkers have all contributed vast new knowledge about the origin of the world. The speculative explanations of the origin of the universe that are presented by various religions are not acceptable to the modern scientists and intellectuals. The explanation of the origin of the universe is not the concern of religion. If one insists on studying this subject, then one must investigate the sciences, astronomy, geology, biology and anthropology. These sciences can offer more reliable and tested information on this subject than can be supplied by any religion. 17. Which one of the following is favoured by Bertrand Russel?
选项：
A: The world was created by an almighty God who is responsible for everything.
B: The beginning of this world and of life is inconceivable since they have neither beginning nor end.
C: This world came into existence by nature and that nature is not an intelligent force.
D: None of above.
答案: 【 The beginning of this world and of life is inconceivable since they have neither beginning nor end.】
18、单选题：
9. The Origin of the WorldThere are three schools of thought regarding the origin of the world. The first school of thought claims that this world came into existence by nature and that nature is not an intelligent force. However, nature works on its own accord and goes on changing.The second school of thought says that the world was created by an almighty God who is responsible for everything. The third school of thought says that the beginning of this world and of life is inconceivable since they have neither beginning nor end. Buddhism is in accordance with this third school of thought. Bertrand Russell supports this school of thought by saying, “There is no reason to suppose that the world had a beginning at all. The idea that things must have a beginning is really due to the poverty of our thoughts.”Modern science says that some millions of years ago, the newly cooled earth was lifeless and that life originated in the ocean. Buddhism never claimed that the world, sun, moon, stars, wind, water, days and nights were created by a powerful god or by a Buddha. Buddhists believe that the world was not created once upon a time, but that the world has been created millions of times every second and will continue to do so by itself and will break away by itself. According to Buddhism, world systems always appear and disappear in the universe.H.G. Wells, in A Short History of the World, says “It is universally recognized that the universe in which we live, has to all appearance, existed for an enormous period of time and possibly for endless time. But that the universe in which we live, has existed only for six or seven thousand years may be regarded as an altogether exploded idea. No life seems to have happened suddenly upon earth.”The efforts made by many religions to explain the beginning and the end of the universe are indeed ill-conceived. The position of religions which propound the view that the universe was created by god in an exactly fixed year, has become a difficult one to maintain in the light of modern and scientific knowledge.Today scientists, historians, astronomers, biologists, botanists, anthropologists and great thinkers have all contributed vast new knowledge about the origin of the world. The speculative explanations of the origin of the universe that are presented by various religions are not acceptable to the modern scientists and intellectuals. The explanation of the origin of the universe is not the concern of religion. If one insists on studying this subject, then one must investigate the sciences, astronomy, geology, biology and anthropology. These sciences can offer more reliable and tested information on this subject than can be supplied by any religion. 18. If one wants to find out the origin of the world, he/she should learn more about ________ according to the passage.
选项：
A: Buddhism.
B: Christian.
C: Islam.
D: Science.
答案: 【 Science.】
19、单选题：
10. In the BeginningWe hear this word a great deal-- the beginning of a meal, a day, a story, a date, a life, or a show, a game, a conversation, a journey and so on and on. The poets and philosophers even talk a lot about the beginning of the end. Sometimes it seems to me this word is so ubiquitous that I simply refuse to give it a second thought. In my cognition, things begin in a way and end in another. Nothing is more natural than this.What, however, is the precursor to the beginning? Allow me to be focused on myself first as I am more concerned about my own being. If my life starts with a cell since my parents decided to give me this current life (or maybe they did not), then my parents should be the beginning of my life. And then my grandparents on both sides, and my great grandparents whom I am pretty sure I have ever seen. The circle starts going backwards for one generation after another. I am getting dizzy now. Maths with spirals calculated backwards honestly is not my thing. Then ultimately the whole line of ‘my’ being traces to the very first people on this planet. I guess I should have stopped ‘beginning’ such an obnoxious question because definitely my remote ancestors had the slightest idea of how one tiny of their descendants dared venture.How did the first people come into being? Well, renowned scientists have studied this matter for an awful lot of years searching for answers. To make it easier, just skip this controversial theory of humanity evolving from apes. It does not fancy me whatsoever to look into a hairy African gorilla’s eyes which seemingly tell me, “Good girl! You are an heir!” One thing for sure is this: before the very first peoples, the earth was.Hold on a second. Was my question “what is my beginning?” Now, somehow we are talking about how the earth began. Sounds preposterous? At least to myself! I never cared about the earth. All I knew about it was that it is not round, that it revolves around the sun, that life exists on it, that it is of 4.5 billion years age, and that it has a satellite. I wish I had studied more diligently in high school, yet that question of my origin never occurred to me. Asinine fatuity should be the comment I give to my previous being.This is getting serious. I do not know the answer -- probably it takes a couple of PhDs and lifelong searching to give a bold and yet not-even-close nice try. Let my little brain take one step a time. We are living in the Solar system -- somehow the Sun has to arrive on the scene. The Sun is 4.6 billion years, slightly older than our Earth in astronomical sense. Not a coincidence, actually. But the Milky Way where our home is is much older -- 13.5 billion years. That sounds reasonably right. The barred spiral Milky Way, a sweet galactic home to our Sun, is about 100,000 light-year across and has been constantly rotating. More to the point, it contains over 200 billion stars, half of which are older than the 4.6-billion-year-old Sun. Galaxies like ours typically undergo a stellar baby boom, still churning out stars in enormous quantities. If only the question could be answered here! When I tried to dive more deeply, I found there is no way to know it at all. The attempt to find out the sheer number of the collections of galaxies that populate the universe beyond the Milky Way gave me a legion of goose bumps -- counting them in any imaginable human ways with however advanced technologies is simply impossible. 200 billion is still a figure astronomers underestimated 10 times more at least and who knows how further it can go!I am totally a layman, and really, I need to take a breath. My head spins. No need to throw myself into the gigantically immense darkness of the outer space to find my origin. The answer, probably lies somewhere within. Anyhow, I am waiting for a revelation.Here it is.I have read it a coupe of times without thinking whatsoever. Many a time, if I do not pay attention, I end up knowing nothing about anything. My eyes were blind, and my heart was darkened. When the word “beginning” once again flickered my eyes, the whole world lit up! The then making-no-sense words suddenly came to life! It says in black and white: IN THE BEGINNING, GOD CREATED THE HEAVENS AND THE EARTH. That IS it! For all the time I spent on searching for answers, even when I read this verse I could not see. The very beginning of everything, that is, before the heavens and earth, the oceans and creatures, the plants and birds, the man and the woman. That is categorically everything before time and space. God was th