大学MOOC 语言学导论(北京联合大学)1452232169 最新慕课完整章节测试答案
Chapter Five Syntax
文章目录
5.1 Concept of grammar_习题
1、单选题：
A sentence is considered ____ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers.
选项：
A: right
B: wrong
C: grammatical
D: ungrammatical
答案: 【 ungrammatical】
2、单选题：
A __________ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.
选项：
A: coordinator
B: particle
C: preposition
D: subordinator
答案: 【 subordinator】
3、单选题：
Phrase structure rules have ____ properties.
选项：
A: recursive
B: grammatical
C: social
D: functional
答案: 【 recursive 】
4、单选题：
Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _____________.
选项：
A: how words and phrases form sentences.
B: what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words
C: how people produce and recognize possible sentences
D: All of the above.
答案: 【 All of the above.】
5、单选题：
The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number.
选项：
A: large
B: small
C: finite
D: infinite
答案: 【 finite 】
6、判断题：
Descriptive grammar refers to grammarian’s attempt to legislate what speakers’ grammatical rules should be, rather than what they are.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
7、判断题：
Universally found in the grammars of all human languages, syntactic rules that comprise the system of internalized linguistic knowledge of a language speaker are known as linguistic competence.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
8、判断题：
The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
9、判断题：
In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
5.2 Syntactic relations_习题
1、单选题：
A __________ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.
选项：
A: coordinator
B: particle
C: preposition
D: subordinator
答案: 【 subordinator】
2、单选题：
Which of the following is NOT included in the three classes of syntactic relations?
选项：
A: positional relations
B: relations of co-occurrence
C: relations of expansion
D: relations of substitutability
答案: 【 relations of expansion】
3、单选题：
The theory of case condition accounts for the fact that __________.
选项：
A: noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions
B: noun phrases can be used to modify another noun phrase
C: noun phrase can be used in adverbial positions
D: noun phrase can be moved to any place if necessary
答案: 【 noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions】
4、单选题：
The sentence structure is ________.
选项：
A: only linear
B: only hierarchical
C: complex
D: both linear and hierarchical
答案: 【 both linear and hierarchical】
5、单选题：
refers to a relation holding between elements replaced with each other at a particular place in a structure, or between one element present and the others absent.
选项：
A: syntagmatic relation
B: morphological
C: linguistic
D: paradigmatic relation
答案: 【 paradigmatic relation】
6、判断题：
Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
7、判断题：
Sentences are composed of sequence of words arranged in a simple linear order, with one adding onto another following a simple arithmetic logic.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
8、判断题：
What is actually internalized in the mind of a native speaker is a complete list of words and phrases rather than grammatical knowledge.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
9、判断题：
WH-movement is obligatory in English which changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
10、判断题：
In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
5.3 IC Analysis_习题
1、单选题：
The structural approach to the analysis of language is connected with____________.
选项：
A: theme and rheme
B: government and binding
C: immediate constituent analysis
D: mood and modality
答案: 【 immediate constituent analysis】
2、单选题：
Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _____________.
选项：
A: how words and phrases form sentences
B: what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words
C: how people produce and recognize possible sentences
D: All of the above
答案: 【 All of the above】
3、单选题：
Immediate Constituents Analysis is a way to dismantle a grammatical construction in .
选项：
A: transformational generative grammar
B: systemic functional grammar
C: traditional grammar
D: structural grammar
答案: 【 structural grammar】
4、填空题：
refers to the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituents – word groups (or phrases), which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are reached.
答案: 【 IC Analysis】
5.4 Grammatical construction_习题
1、单选题：
Which of the following is a right-headed endocentric compound?
选项：
A: make-up
B: night-school
C: takehome
D: pickpocket
答案: 【 night-school】
2、单选题：
Typical endocentric constructions are not .
选项：
A: noun phrases
B: prepositional phrases
C: adjective phrases
D: verb phrases
答案: 【 prepositional phrases】
3、单选题：
The three small children with children as its head, belongs to .
选项：
A: endocentric construction
B: exocentric construction
C: D-structure
D: immediate constituents
答案: 【 endocentric construction 】
4、判断题：
Construction is the grammatical structure of a sentence or any smaller unit, represented by a set of elements and relations between elements.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
5、判断题：
Construction can be divided into two types: endocentric construction and exocentric construction.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
6、判断题：
Exocentric construction is also called headed construction.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
7、判断题：
Endocentric construction can be further divided into the following two types: subordinate endocentric construction and coordinate endocentric construction.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
8、填空题：
is just the opposite of endocentric construction. If refers to a group of syntactically related words where none of the words is functionally equivalent to the group as a whole, that is, there is no definable “centre” or “head” inside the group. Exocentric construction usually includes basic sentence, prepositional phrase, predicate (verb+object) construction, and connective (be+complement) construction.
答案: 【 Exocentric construction】
9、填空题：
is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable centre or head.
答案: 【 Endocentric construction】
5.5 TG grammar_习题
1、单选题：
Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called ________.
选项：
A: transformational rules
B: generative rules
C: phrase structure rules
D: x-bar theory
答案: 【 transformational rules】
2、单选题：
_______ rules may change the syntactic representation of a sentence.
选项：
A: Generative
B: Transformational
C: X-bar
D: Phrase structure
答案: 【 Transformational】
3、单选题：
The representative figure of TG grammar is .
选项：
A: Halliday
B: Chomsky
C: Malinowski
D: Saussure
答案: 【 Chomsky】
4、单选题：
A grammar which consists of a set of statements or rules which specify which sequences of language are possible, and which impossible, is a grammar.
选项：
A: systemic
B: descriptive
C: generative
D: functional
答案: 【 generative】
5、判断题：
The generative-transformational grammar intends to account for the speaker’s linguistic competence.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
6、判断题：
It is believed that phrase structure rules, with the insertion of the lexicon, generate sentences at the level of D-structure.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
7、填空题：
are the rules that transform one sentence type into another type.
答案: 【 Transformational rules】
8、填空题：
is the level of syntactic representation that exists before movement takes place. Phrase structure rules, with the insertion of the lexicon, generate sentences at the level of D-structure.
答案: 【 D-structure】
第五单元句法学测试
1、单选题：
Phrase structure rules have ____ properties.
选项：
A: recursive
B: grammatical
C: social
D: functional
答案: 【 recursive 】
2、单选题：
The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number.
选项：
A: large
B: small
C: finite
D: infinite
答案: 【 finite 】
3、单选题：
Which of the following is NOT included in the three classes of syntactic relations?
选项：
A: positional relations
B: relations of co-occurrence
C: relations of expansion
D: relations of substitutability
答案: 【 relations of expansion】
4、单选题：
The sentence structure is ________.
选项：
A: only linear
B: only hierarchical
C: complex
D: both linear and hierarchical
答案: 【 both linear and hierarchical】
5、单选题：
____ refers to a relation holding between elements replaced with each other at a particular place in a structure, or between one element present and the others absent.
选项：
A: Syntagmatic relation
B: Paradigmatic relation
C: Horizontal relation
D: Syntactic relation
答案: 【 Paradigmatic relation】
6、单选题：
The structural approach to the analysis of language is connected with____________.
选项：
A: theme and rheme
B: government and binding
C: immediate constituent analysis
D: mood and modality
答案: 【 immediate constituent analysis】
7、单选题：
Immediate Constituents Analysis is a way to dismantle a grammatical construction in .
选项：
A: transformational generative grammar
B: systemic functional grammar
C: traditional grammar
D: structural grammar
答案: 【 structural grammar】
8、单选题：
________ construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable centre or head.
选项：
A: Endocentric
B: Exocentric
C: Coordinate
D: Subordinate
答案: 【 Endocentric 】
9、单选题：
Which of the following is a right-headed endocentric compound?
选项：
A: make-up
B: night-school
C: takehome
D: pickpocket
E: forget-me-not
答案: 【 night-school】
10、单选题：
The three small children with children as its head, belongs to .
选项：
A: endocentric construction
B: exocentric construction
C: D-structure
D: immediate constituents
答案: 【 endocentric construction 】
11、单选题：
Which of the following type of grammatical construction is NOT a typical endocentric construction?
选项：
A: prepositional phrase
B: noun phrases
C: adjective phrases
D: verb phrases
答案: 【 prepositional phrase】
12、单选题：
_______ rules may change the syntactic representation of a sentence.
选项：
A: Transformational
B: Phrase structure
C: X-bar
D: Generative
答案: 【 Transformational】
13、判断题：
Descriptive grammar refers to grammarian’s attempt to legislate what speakers’ grammatical rules should be, rather than what they are.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
14、判断题：
Universally found in the grammars of all human languages, syntactic rules that comprise the system of internalized linguistic knowledge of a language speaker are known as linguistic competence.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
15、判断题：
The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
16、判断题：
In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
17、判断题：
The syntactic function shows the relationship between a linguistic form and other parts of the linguistic pattern in which it is used.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
18、判断题：
Endocentric construction can be further divided into the following two types: subordinate endocentric construction and coordinate endocentric construction.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
19、判断题：
Exocentric construction is also called headed construction.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
20、判断题：
The generative-transformational grammar intends to account for the speaker’s linguistic competence.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
第五单元句法测试（补）
1、单选题：
Phrase structure rules have ____ properties.
选项：
A: recursive
B: grammatical
C: social
D: functional
答案: 【 recursive 】
2、单选题：
The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number.
选项：
A: large
B: small
C: finite
D: infinite
答案: 【 finite 】
3、单选题：
Which of the following is NOT included in the three classes of syntactic relations?
选项：
A: positional relations
B: relations of co-occurrence
C: relations of expansion
D: relations of substitutability
答案: 【 relations of expansion】
4、单选题：
The sentence structure is ________.
选项：
A: only linear
B: only hierarchical
C: complex
D: both linear and hierarchical
答案: 【 both linear and hierarchical】
5、单选题：
____ refers to a relation holding between elements replaced with each other at a particular place in a structure, or between one element present and the others absent.
选项：
A: Syntagmatic relation
B: Paradigmatic relation
C: Horizontal relation
D: Syntactic relation
答案: 【 Paradigmatic relation】
6、单选题：
The structural approach to the analysis of language is connected with____________.
选项：
A: theme and rheme
B: government and binding
C: immediate constituent analysis
D: mood and modality
答案: 【 immediate constituent analysis】
7、单选题：
Immediate Constituents Analysis is a way to dismantle a grammatical construction in .
选项：
A: transformational generative grammar
B: systemic functional grammar
C: traditional grammar
D: structural grammar
答案: 【 structural grammar】
8、单选题：
________ construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable centre or head.
选项：
A: Endocentric
B: Exocentric
C: Coordinate
D: Subordinate
答案: 【 Endocentric 】
9、单选题：
Which of the following is a right-headed endocentric compound?
选项：
A: make-up
B: night-school
C: takehome
D: pickpocket
答案: 【 night-school】
10、单选题：
The three small children with children as its head, belongs to .
选项：
A: endocentric construction
B: exocentric construction
C: D-structure
D: immediate constituents
答案: 【 endocentric construction 】
11、单选题：
Which of the following type of grammatical construction is NOT a typical endocentric construction?
选项：
A: prepositional phrase
B: noun phrases
C: adjective phrases
D: verb phrases
答案: 【 prepositional phrase】
12、单选题：
_______ rules may change the syntactic representation of a sentence.
选项：
A: Transformational
B: Phrase structure
C: X-bar
D: Generative
答案: 【 Transformational】
13、判断题：
Descriptive grammar refers to grammarian’s attempt to legislate what speakers’ grammatical rules should be, rather than what they are.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
14、判断题：
Universally found in the grammars of all human languages, syntactic rules that comprise the system of internalized linguistic knowledge of a language speaker are known as linguistic competence.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
15、判断题：
The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
16、判断题：
In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
17、判断题：
The syntactic function shows the relationship between a linguistic form and other parts of the linguistic pattern in which it is used.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
18、判断题：
Endocentric construction can be further divided into the following two types: subordinate endocentric construction and coordinate endocentric construction.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
19、判断题：
Exocentric construction is also called headed construction.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
20、判断题：
The generative-transformational grammar intends to account for the speaker’s linguistic competence.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
Chapter Four Morphology
in-class quiz for Morphology
1、单选题：
Derivational affixes are bound morphemes added to existing form to construct new words. English derivational affixes are divided into ________and _______.
选项：
A: prefixes, infixes
B: suffixes and infixes
C: prefixes, suffixes
D: morphemes, allomorphs
答案: 【 prefixes, suffixes】
2、单选题：
In the word “unvariable”, ______________ is the root.
选项：
A: un
B: vary
C: variable
D: able
答案: 【 vary】
3、单选题：
The morpheme “vision” in the word “television” is a(n)____________.
选项：
A: free morpheme
B: bound form
C: inflectional morpheme
D: bound morpheme
答案: 【 free morpheme 】
4、单选题：
Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes only?
选项：
A: happiness
B: television
C: ecology
D: teacher
答案: 【 ecology】
5、单选题：
In the word “bookshelves”, ______________ is the stem.
选项：
A: book
B: shelves
C: bookshelf
D: s
答案: 【 bookshelf】
6、单选题：
A(n) ____ is a mimimal free form of language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function.
选项：
A: morpheme
B: word
C: sentence
D: affix
答案: 【 morpheme】
7、判断题：
Morpheme is the minimal formal unit with meaning.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
8、判断题：
In friendly, –ly is an “inflectional suffix”.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
9、判断题：
Stems in English can be classified into derivational morphemes and inflectional morphemes.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
10、判断题：
The bound morpheme in “colleges”is an inflectional morpheme.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
11、判断题：
"However" is an open-class word.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
12、填空题：
In morphology, ____refers to the base form of a word that cannot be further analyzed without loss of identity. That is to say, it is that part of the word that is left when all the affixes are removed. And it can be further classified into free ones and bound ones.
答案: 【 root】
13、填空题：
A morpheme, like a phoneme, is a linguistic abstraction, which must be realized as certain phonetic forms or variants in different phonetic environments. Each of the phonetic forms or variants is a morph. A single morpheme may be phonetically realized as two or more morphs. The different morphs that represent or which are derived from one morpheme are called the ____ of that morpheme.
答案: 【 allomorphs】
Mid-term exam (part I)
1、单选题：
The study of the production of speech sounds is closely connected with ____________.
选项：
A: articulatory phonetics
B: acoustic phonetics
C: auditory phonetics
D: arbitrary phonetics
答案: 【 articulatory phonetics】
2、单选题：
Pair ___________ doesn’t form a minimal pair.
选项：
A: gap and cap
B: pat and pad
C: tip and dip
D: cat and act
答案: 【 cat and act】
3、单选题：
The classification and description of English consonants are based on _____________.
选项：
A: the position of the tongue
B: the shape of vocal tract
C: narrow and broad transcription
D: the place and manner of articulation
答案: 【 the place and manner of articulation】
4、单选题：
According to the manner of articulation, [m] is a ___________.
选项：
A: bilabial
B: plosive
C: nasal (stop)
D: fricative
答案: 【 nasal (stop)】
5、单选题：
According to the manner of articulation, [f] is a ___________.
选项：
A: fricative
B: labiodental
C: affricate
D: stop
答案: 【 fricative】
6、单选题：
Which of the following sounds is a palatal?
选项：
A: [ b ]
B: [ s ]
C: [ g ]
D: [ j ]
答案: 【 [ j ]】
7、单选题：
The two sounds [ p ] and [ b ] share the same place and manner of articulation, but they are distinguished by _______.
选项：
A: voicing
B: tenseness
C: roundedness
D: position of the tongue
答案: 【 voicing】
8、单选题：
_____________ is the voiceless alveolar stop in English.
选项：
A: [ p ]
B: [ b ]
C: [ t ]
D: [ d ]
答案: 【 [ t ] 】
9、单选题：
The voiceless alveolar fricative in English is ________.
选项：
A: [s]
B: [d]
C: [f]
D: [v]
答案: 【 [s]】
10、单选题：
A(n) ___________ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.
选项：
A: phone
B: sound
C: allophone
D: phoneme
答案: 【 phoneme】
11、单选题：
The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the ____ of that phoneme.
选项：
A: phones
B: sounds
C: phonemes
D: allophones
答案: 【 allophones】
12、单选题：
Since /p/ and /b/ in English are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be ___________.
选项：
A: in phonemic contrast
B: in complementary distribution
C: the allophones
D: free variations
答案: 【 in phonemic contrast 】
13、单选题：
The ____________ rule means one sound is“copying” a phonetic feature of an adjacent sound, thus making the two phones similar.
选项：
A: assimilation
B: phonemic
C: articulatory
D: distinctive
答案: 【 assimilation】
14、单选题：
The fact that the vowel in lamb has some quality of the following nasal is a phenomenon we call ____________.
选项：
A: nasalization
B: velarization
C: aspiration
D: devoicing
答案: 【 nasalization】
15、单选题：
In a syllable, a vowel often serves as ____________.
选项：
A: peak or nucleus
B: onset
C: coda
D: sequence
答案: 【 peak or nucleus】
16、单选题：
The word “digitalization” consists of _______ syllables.
选项：
A: four
B: five
C: six
D: seven
答案: 【 six】
17、单选题：
In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t], [n], [z] share the feature of ____________.
选项：
A: palatal
B: alveolar
C: bilabial
D: velar
答案: 【 alveolar】
18、判断题：
In phonetic terms, phonemic transcriptions represent the “narrow” transcription.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
19、判断题：
In the word peak, /p/ is unaspirated, phonetically transcribed as [p].
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
20、判断题：
In English, the distinction between aspirated [pʰ] and unaspirated [p=] is not phonemic.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
21、判断题：
Phonology is concerned with how the sounds can be classified into different categories.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
22、判断题：