大学MOOC 产业生态学(北京师范大学)1003212003 最新慕课完整章节测试答案

课后测1

1、单选题：
‌该课程教学中采用了以下哪种（ ）方法 Which of the following methods have been used in the teaching of the present course（ ）‍
选项：
A: 研讨式 Research & Discussion approach
B: 统计式 Statistics style
C: 传统式 Traditional style
D: 实践法 Practice method
答案: 【 研讨式 Research & Discussion approach】

2、单选题：
‎以下哪项可作为开展产业生态学研究的重要依据（ ）Which of the following can be used as an important reason for study of industrial ecology（ ）‍
选项：
A: 现有环境问题的自然成因大多归因于强烈人类活动 The natural causes of existing environmental problems are mostly attributed to strong human activities
B: 现有环境问题的人为成因大多来自强烈人类活动,特别是产业活动对地表的干扰 The man-made causes of existing environmental problems mostly come from strong human activities, especially the interference of industrial activities on the earth surface
C: 现有环境问题的形成是自然现象 The formation of existing environmental problems is a natural phenomenon
D: 现在环境问题与人类消费活动无关 Existing environmental problems is unrelated to human consumption
答案: 【 现有环境问题的人为成因大多来自强烈人类活动,特别是产业活动对地表的干扰 The man-made causes of existing environmental problems mostly come from strong human activities, especially the interference of industrial activities on the earth surface】

3、单选题：
‍产业在人类与环境间的关系中具有哪种（ ）角色 What role does industry play in the relationship between human beings and the environment（ ）‎
选项：
A: 产业是人类社会经济系统的核心 Industry is the core of human socio-economic system
B: 产业是物质能量发生作用关系的核心 Industry is the core of the relationship between material and Energy
C: 产业是人类社会经济与资源环境复合系统的核心 Industry is the core of the hybrid system of human society & economy and natural resources & environment
D: 产业是资源环境复合系统的核心 Industry is the core of compound system of natural resources and environment
答案: 【 产业是人类社会经济与资源环境复合系统的核心 Industry is the core of the hybrid system of human society & economy and natural resources & environment】

4、单选题：
‌产业系统最主要功能是（ ）The main function of the industrial system is（ ）‍
选项：
A: 促进物质、能量、价值在产业系统中的循环流动 Promote the circulation of substance, energy and value in the industrial system
B: 将自然资源转换为满足人类特定需要的服务或产品 Converting natural resources into services or products that meet specific human needs
C: 对自然地表环境系统产生重要影响 Affecting the natural surface environment system
D: 影响物质、能源在地表的空间分布 Affecting the spatial distribution of matter and energy on the earth's surface
答案: 【 将自然资源转换为满足人类特定需要的服务或产品 Converting natural resources into services or products that meet specific human needs】

5、单选题：
‌本课程关心的环境问题类型不包括哪项（ ）Which types of environmental issues are out of interest to this course（ ）‏
选项：
A: 资源短缺 Resource shortage
B: 某环境污染物超标 Some environmental pollutants exceed the standard
C: 生态环境恶化 Ecological environment deterioration
D: 人口过剩 Over-population
答案: 【 人口过剩 Over-population】

6、单选题：
‏引起全球变暖主要人类活动是（ ）The main human activities that cause global warming is（）‌
选项：
A: 人类生产与消费活动 Human production and consumption activities
B: 人类意识活动 Human consciousness activity
C: 人类体育活动 Human sports activities
D: 人类种植活动 Human planting activities
答案: 【 人类生产与消费活动 Human production and consumption activities】

7、单选题：
‌某地区环境重金属污染物超标通常与哪项（ ）无关 Which item is usually unrelated to the excess of heavy metal pollutants in an area（ ）​
选项：
A: 金属冶炼与再生 Metal smelting and regeneration
B: 金属加工与制造 Metal processing and manufacture
C: 金属产品使用 Use of metal products
D: 金属物质自然地表迁移 Natural migration of metal substance on the earth surface
答案: 【 金属物质自然地表迁移 Natural migration of metal substance on the earth surface】

8、单选题：
‍中国现行国民经济行业划分标准是（ ）The current industrial classification standard for national economic activities of China is（ ）‍
选项：
A: GB/T 4754-2002
B: GB/T 4754-2011
C: GB/T 4754-2017
D: GB/T 4754-2020
答案: 【 GB/T 4754-2017】

9、单选题：
‏“产业”可概括描述为哪项（ ）经济活动 Which item is suit to describe industry activities（ ）‎
选项：
A: 资源开采与生产 Resource exploitation and production
B: 生产物质产品或提供社会服务 Production of material goods or provision of social services
C: 教育、卫生、物流、交通等服务 Education, health, logistics, transportation, etc
D: 废旧物资回收 Waste material recovery
答案: 【 生产物质产品或提供社会服务 Production of material goods or provision of social services】

10、单选题：
​产业与改善环境质量间的关系可描述为以下哪项（ ）Which item is suit to describe the relationship between industry and improving of environmental quality（ ）​
选项：
A: 产业系统运行与环境质量无关 The operation of industrial system has nothing to do with environmental quality
B: 产业系统运行与资源状态无关 The operation of industrial system is independent of the state of resources
C: 优化产业系统可改善人类与环境间关系 Optimizing Industrial system can improve the relationship between Human and Environment
D: 产业系统运行与人类消费模式无关 The operation of industrial system has nothing to do with human consumption pattern
答案: 【 优化产业系统可改善人类与环境间关系 Optimizing Industrial system can improve the relationship between Human and Environment】

11、判断题：
‌产业活动是导致当今环境问题的重要因素（ ）Industrial activity is an important factor causing current environmental problems（ ）‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

12、判断题：
​产业系统可看作人类社会经济与资源环境系统的核心（ ）Industrial system can be regarded as the core of human society & economy and natural resource & environment system（ ）‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

13、判断题：
‍产业系统是向人类提供产品或服务的部门（ ）An industrial system is a department that provides products or services to human beings（ ）‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

14、判断题：
​中国现行的国民经济行业划分标准是GB/T 4754-2011（ ）The current industrial classification standard for national economic activities ofChinais GB/T 4754-2011（ ）​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

15、判断题：
‍交通运输、邮电等不属于产业系统（ ）Transportation, Post and Telecommunications do not belong to the Industrial system（ ）‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

16、判断题：
‍只有物质资源转换活动才属于产业活动（ ）Only material resource conversion activities belong to industrial activities（ ）‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

17、判断题：
‌能源开采、生产、供应活动也属于产业活动（ ）Energy extraction and production, Supply activities also belong to industrial activities（ ）‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

18、判断题：
‎废物回收与再生活动不属于产业活动（ ）Waste recovery and recycling activities do not belong to industrial activities（ ）‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

19、判断题：
​资源环境状况不受产业活动的影响（ ）Resources and environment conditions are not affected by industrial activities（ ）‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

20、判断题：
​各国的国民经济行业划分标准是完全一致的（ ）The national industrial classification standards are all the same for different countries（ ）​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

21、判断题：
‏各时期国民经济行业划分标准完全一致（ ）The national industrial classification standards in different periods usually remains exactly the same（ ）‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

22、判断题：
‎中国国民经济行业标准GB/T 4754-2011与GB/T 4754-2017行业构成完全一致（ ）The current national industrial classification standard of China GB/T 4754-2017 is completely the same as the old one GB/T 4754-2011（ ）‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

课后测after-class test 2

1、单选题：
‏为保护环境质量，人类活动强度应满足（ ） In order to protect the environment quality, the intensity of human activity should meet a condition that（ ）‍
选项：
A: 人类环境影响应低于环境承载能力 Human environmental impact should be lower than environmental carrying capacity
B: 人类环境影响应大致等于环境承载能力 Human environmental impact should be approximately equal to environmental carrying capacity
C: 人类环境影响应大于环境承载能力 Human environmental impact should be greater than environmental carrying capacity
D: 人类环境影响与环境质量无关 Human environmental impact has nothing to do with environmental quality
答案: 【 人类环境影响应低于环境承载能力 Human environmental impact should be lower than environmental carrying capacity】

2、单选题：
‌环境污染物排放与经济增长间的关系可描述为（ ）The relationship between the environmental emission and economic growth can be described as（ ）‎
选项：
A: 人类环境负荷总是随经济发展先升后降 Human environmental impacts always rises first and then decreases with the economic development
B: 人类资源消耗随经济发展先升后降，而环境污染物排放却先降后升 Human resource consumption usually rises first and then decreases with the economic development, however the emission of environmental pollutants decreases first and then increases
C: 人类资源消耗量随经济增长先升后降 Human resources consumption increases first and then decreases with economic growth
D: 若干种环境污染物排放随经济增长呈现出先升后降的倒U型Several kinds of environmental emissions increase first and then decrease with economic growth as inverse U Curves
答案: 【 若干种环境污染物排放随经济增长呈现出先升后降的倒U型Several kinds of environmental emissions increase first and then decrease with economic growth as inverse U Curves】

3、单选题：
‌人类总环境负荷与下列哪个因素有关（ ）The total human environmental impact is related to （ ）‌
选项：
A: 产业分布 Industrial distribution
B: 人口规模 Population size
C: 社会关系 Social relations
D: 资源储量 Resource reserves
答案: 【 人口规模 Population size】

4、单选题：
‎IPAT方程中的A可以表示成哪项个方式（ ）The parameter A in the IPAT equation can be expressed as（ ）‎
选项：
A: GDP
B: CO2排放量  CO2 emissions 
C: 室内温度 Indoor temperature
D: 人均住房面积 Per capita housing area
答案: 【 人均住房面积 Per capita housing area】

5、单选题：
‏以下哪一指标可能反映IPAT中的T（ ） Which of the following indicators may represent the T in IPAT equation（ ）‎
选项：
A: 单位产品能源消耗量 Energy consumption per unit of product
B: 能源消耗量 Energy consumption
C: 能源储量 Energy reserves
D: 产品产量 Production of products
答案: 【 单位产品能源消耗量 Energy consumption per unit of product】

6、单选题：
‌以下哪一指标可用作某系统的环境负荷（ ）Which of the following indicators can be treated as the environmental loads of a system（ ）‌
选项：
A: 单位服务的温室气体排放量 The greenhouse gas emissions per unit of service
B: 温室气体排放量 The greenhouse gas emissions
C: 单位产品的矿产资源消耗量 The mineral resources consumption per unit of products
D: 产品产量 Production of products
答案: 【 温室气体排放量 The greenhouse gas emissions】

7、单选题：
‌从环保角度看,环境管理目标的设定与其国家发展水平较协调的是（ ）From an environmental perspective, the reasonable objective of environmental management for different levels of national development can be described as （ ）‎
选项：
A: 发达国家应努力消耗自然资源，促进经济快速增长 The developed countries should strive to consume natural resources and promote rapid economic growth
B: 发展中国家应努力“穿越”环境高山，走新型工业化道路 The developing countries should go through the environmental mountains and take the new way of industrialization
C: 发展中国家应努力消耗自然资源，促进经济快速增长 The developing countries should strive to consume natural resources and promote rapid economic growth
D: 发达国家应努力 “穿越”环境高山，走新型工业化道路 The developed countries should go through the environmental mountains and take the new way of industrialization
答案: 【 发展中国家应努力“穿越”环境高山，走新型工业化道路 The developing countries should go through the environmental mountains and take the new way of industrialization】

8、单选题：
‎根据IPAT方程，若某地区未来特定时期内人口规模和人均GDP都翻倍，则单位GDP的环境负荷应（ ）变化才能维持环境负荷不变 According to the IPAT equation, if both the population size and GDP per capita double in a given region, then the environmental load per unit of GDP should （ ）in order to keep the environmental impacts unchanged‏
选项：
A: 同期内增长到原来的4倍 Increase by four times in the same period
B: 同期内增长到原来的2倍 Increase by 2 times in the same period
C: 同期内降低到原来的1/4 Drop to the original 1/4 in the same period
D: 同期内降低到原来的1/2 Drop to the original 1/2 in the same period
答案: 【 同期内降低到原来的1/4 Drop to the original 1/4 in the same period】

9、单选题：
‌生态效率可表达为以下哪种（ ）方式 Eco-efficiency can be expressed as（ ）‍
选项：
A: 某系统的经济产出除以该系统生产的产品数量 The economic output of a system divided by the quantity of products produced by the system
B: 某系统生产的产品数量除以该系统的经济产出 The quantity of products produced by a system divided by the economic output of the system
C: 某系统生产的产品数量除以该系统产生的环境负荷 The quantity of products produced by a system divided by the environmental impacts generated by the system
D: 某系统产生的环境负荷除以该系统生产的产品数量 The environmental impacts generated by a system divided by the quantity of products produced by the system
答案: 【 某系统生产的产品数量除以该系统产生的环境负荷 The quantity of products produced by a system divided by the environmental impacts generated by the system】

10、单选题：
​通常生态效率越高意味着哪种情形（ ）Usually, a higher eco-efficiency may indicates (  )‎
选项：
A: 消耗同等的资源将获得更多的服务 Achieving more services with the same resource consumption
B: 消耗同等的资源将获得更少的服务 Achieving less services with the same resource consumption
C: 获得同等的服务将消耗更多的资源 Achieving the same services with more resource consumption
D: 获得同等的服务将排放更多的废物 Achieving the same service with more environmental emissions
答案: 【 消耗同等的资源将获得更多的服务 Achieving more services with the same resource consumption】

11、单选题：
​通常生态效率越高意味着下面哪种情形（ ）Usually, a higher eco-efficiency may indicates （ ）‎
选项：
A: 排放同等的废物将需要更多的自然资源 Consuming more natural resources with the same environmental emissions
B: 排放同等的废物将获得更少的服务 Achieving less services with the same environmental emissions
C: 获得同等的服务将排放更多的环境废物 Achieving the same services with more environmental emissions
D: 获得同等的服务将排放更少的环境废物 Achieving the same service with less environmental emissions
答案: 【 获得同等的服务将排放更少的环境废物 Achieving the same service with less environmental emissions】

12、单选题：
‎下面哪种情形的环境负荷将不断增大（ ）Which of the following scenarios will have an increasing environmental load （ ）‏
选项：
A: 生态效率增长速度高于社会经济增长速度 Eco-efficiency grows faster than social economy
B: 生态效率增长速度低于社会经济增长速度 Eco-efficiency grows slower than social economy
C: 社会经济不断增长情况下 Social economy growth situation
D: 社会经济不断下降情况下 Social economy decline situation
答案: 【 生态效率增长速度低于社会经济增长速度 Eco-efficiency grows slower than social economy】

13、单选题：
​对于环境已经恶化的地区，其环境管理通常依次经历以下四个特征点（ ） For regions under deteriorated environment, their environmental management may experience the following 4 special points in order of （ ）‎
选项：
A: 下降点、分离点、涨停点、恢复点 Descent point, separation point, culmination point, recovery point
B: 分离点、下降点、涨停点、恢复点 Separation point, descent point, culmination point, recovery point
C: 分离点、恢复点、涨停点、下降点 Separation point, recovery point, culmination point, descent point
D: 分离点、涨停点、下降点、恢复 Separation point, culmination point, descent point, recovery point
答案: 【 分离点、涨停点、下降点、恢复 Separation point, culmination point, descent point, recovery point】

14、判断题：
‍IPAT方程中的T反映技术水平（ ）The parameter T in IPAT equation can reflect the technical level（ ）‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

15、判断题：
​一旦生态效率较社会服务增长更快，环境质量就一定开始好转（ ） Whenever eco-efficiency grows faster than social services, environmental quality must turn better（ ）‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

16、判断题：
‍生态效率较社会服务增长更快时，环境负荷开始下降（ ） When eco-efficiency grows faster than social services, environmental impacts will begin to decrease（ ）‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

17、判断题：
‎对于某特定系统，其生态效率可因参数选择的不同而有多种表达方式（ ）For a certain system, its eco-efficiency can be expressed in a variety of ways due to parameter options（ ）‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

18、判断题：
‏对于某特定地区，其环境负荷可同时呈现为多种类型（ ） For a certain region, the environmental impacts can show as varies of types at the same time（ ）‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

19、判断题：
‎对于给定系统，服务量不变时，技术水平越高环境负荷也越高（ ） For a given system, the higher the level of technology, the higher the environmental load, when service remains constant（ ）‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

20、判断题：
‌生态效率越高，意味着技术水平也越高（ ） A higher eco-efficiency usually indicates a higher level of technology（ ）‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

21、判断题：
​所有环境负荷的变化都必然经历从先升后降的倒U型曲线（ ） All types of environmental loads must experience inverse U shape curves from first rise to fall（ ）​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

22、判断题：
‍环境负荷开始下降时，环境质量就开始好转（ ） All types of environmental loads must experience inverse U shape curves from first rise to fall（ ）​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

23、判断题：
​某地区环境负荷总量可表达为该地区人均环境负荷乘以人口数量（ ） The total amount of environmental load in a region can be expressed as the per capita environmental load multiplied by the number of population in the region（ ）​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

24、判断题：
‏某地区环境负荷总量可表示为该地区总服务量乘以该地区单位服务量的环境负荷（ ） The total amount of environmental load in a region can be expressed as the total service multiplied by the environmental load per unit of service in that region（ ）‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

25、判断题：
‎对于同一系统，其生态效率与单位服务量的环境负荷呈倒数关系（ ） For the same system, the eco-efficiency has a mathematical reciprocal relation with the environmental load per unit service（ ）‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

课后测after class test 3

1、单选题：
​从系统论看,产业系统与地表系统之间关系可描述为（ ） From the perspective of system theory, the relationship between industrial system and the natural earth surface system can be described as  (  )‍
选项：
A: 产业系统可看作地表系统的一个组分 Industrial system can be regarded as a component of the earth surface system
B: 产业系统是与地表系统没有任何联系的独立系统 Industrial system is an independent system that has no relation with the earth surface system
C: 地表系统是产业系统的一个组分 The earth surface system is a component of industrial system
D: 产业系统是与地表系统没有联系的开放系统 Industrial system is an open system that has no relation with the earth surface system
答案: 【 产业系统可看作地表系统的一个组分 Industrial system can be regarded as a component of the earth surface system】

2、单选题：
​关于产业系统，以下哪种（ ）描述正确 For industrial system, which of the following（ ） is the correct description‏
选项：
A: 产业系统隶属人类社会经济复合系统，与地表自然系统没有关系 Industrial system belongs to the composite system of human society and economy, and has no relation with the natural earth surface system
B: 产业系统隶属地表自然系统，与人类社会经济系统没有关系 Industrial system belongs to the natural earth surface system and has no relation with the social and economic system
C: 产业系统是人类社会系统与经济系统长期作用的产物 Industrial system results from the long-term interaction between human social system and economic system
D: 产业系统是人类与地表长期交互作用的产物 Industrial system results from the long-term interaction between human beings and the earth surface system
答案: 【 产业系统是人类与地表长期交互作用的产物 Industrial system results from the long-term interaction between human beings and the earth surface system】

3、单选题：
‎产业系统与生态系统类比中，以下哪种（ ）描述正确 For the analogy between industrial system and ecological system, which of the following description is right（ ）‎
选项：
A: 产业系统与生态系统完全相同 Industrial system is exactly the same with ecosystem
B: 产业系统与生态系统丝毫没有相似性 Industrial system has no similarity to ecosystem at all
C: 产业系统与生态系统具有较好的相似性 Industrial system has good similarity to ecosystem
D: 产业系统与生态系统具有较差的相似性 There is a poor similarity between the industrial system and the ecosystem
答案: 【 产业系统与生态系统具有较好的相似性 Industrial system has good similarity to ecosystem】

4、单选题：
‌产业系统中的“企业（Firm）”与生态系统中的“生物（organism）”，哪种（ ）描述不确切 For a firm in an industrial system and an organism in an ecosystem, which of the following describes inexactly（ ）​
选项：
A: 都是各自系统中的最基本单元 Is the elementary unit in their respective systems
B: 能够独立活动 Can act independently
C: 可利用物质资源和能源 Can use material resources and energy
D: 都可自我繁殖 Reproduce themselves
答案: 【 都可自我繁殖 Reproduce themselves】

5、单选题：
‎关于产业系统与生态系统差异的描述以下哪项（ ）正确 For the difference between industrial system and ecosystem, which of the following is a right description（ ）‍
选项：
A: 产业组织用于生产产品而生物则是繁殖同种 Industrial organisms are used to produce products while ecological organisms reproduce the same species of themselves
B: 产业组织和生物具有相同的增长模式 Industrial organisms and ecological organisms have the same growth pattern
C: 生物和企业都会因衰老而死亡 Both ecological organisms and industrial organisms die from aging
D: 生物和企业都会因产品不再满足社会需要而死亡 Both ecological organisms and industrial organisms die because their products no longer meet social needs
答案: 【 产业组织用于生产产品而生物则是繁殖同种 Industrial organisms are used to produce products while ecological organisms reproduce the same species of themselves】

6、单选题：
‏在能源使用方面,产业系统与生态系统的主要差异是（ ）The main difference in use of energy between industrial systems and ecosystems shows as（ ）‏
选项：
A: 对于生态系统和产业系统，能量都从最低营养级流入 Energy flows into both ecosystems and industrial systems from the lowest trophic level
B: 对于生态系统和产业系统，能量都从任何“营养级”流入 Energy may flow into ecosystems and industrial systems from any trophic level
C: 能量从生态系统中的最低营养级流入，而产业系统可从任何“营养级”流入 Energy flows into ecosystems from the lowest trophic level while into industrial systems from any trophic levels
D: 能量从产业系统中的最低营养级流入，而生态系统可从任何“营养级”流入 Energy flows into industrial systems from the lowest trophic level while into ecosystems from any trophic levels
答案: 【 能量从生态系统中的最低营养级流入，而产业系统可从任何“营养级”流入 Energy flows into ecosystems from the lowest trophic level while into industrial systems from any trophic levels】

7、单选题：
‏在使用的能源类型方面,产业系统与生态系统的主要差异是（ ） For the type of energy used, the main difference between industrial systems and ecosystems shows as （ ）‌
选项：
A: 生态系统只能使用太阳能，而产业系统可利用太阳能、化石燃料、风能等多种形式的能源 Ecosystem uses only solar energy, while industrial systems can use varies types of energy, such as solar energy, fossil fuels, wind energy and so on 
B: 对于生态系统和产业系统，都只能使用太阳能 Both ecosystems and industrial systems can only use solar energy
C: 对于生态系统和产业系统，都可利用多种类型的能源 Both ecosystems and industrial systems can use a variety of types of energy
D: 产业系统只能使用太阳能，而生态系统可利用太阳能、化石燃料、风能等多种形式的能源 Industrial systems use only solar energy, while ecosystems can use varies types of energy, such as solar energy, fossil fuels, wind energy and so on
答案: 【 生态系统只能使用太阳能，而产业系统可利用太阳能、化石燃料、风能等多种形式的能源 Ecosystem uses only solar energy, while industrial systems can use varies types of energy, such as solar energy, fossil fuels, wind energy and so on 】

8、单选题：
​系统类型及其驱动力的描述，哪项（ ）正确 For the driving forces to different types of system, which of the following description is right（ ）‍
选项：
A: 人类需求是生态系统发展的驱动力 Human needs is the driving force of ecosystem development
B: 人类需求是产业系统发展的驱动力 Human needs is the driving force of industrial  development
C: 人类需求是生态系统和产业系统发展的驱动力 Human needs is the driving forces of both ecosystem and industrial system
D: 人类需求是任何系统发展的驱动力 Human needs is the driving force of any system development
答案: 【 人类需求是产业系统发展的驱动力 Human needs is the driving force of industrial  development】

9、单选题：
​产业系统的生态效率可采用以下哪项（ ）进行评价 Which of the following can be used to evaluate the eco-efficiency of an industrial system（ ）‍
选项：
A: 系统服务量与环境负荷之比 The ratio of service volume to its related environmental load 
B: 环境负荷与系统服务量之比 The ratio of environmental load to the related service volume
C: 系统产品量与系统服务量之比 The ratio of product output to its service volume
D: 系统服务量与系统产品量之比 The ratio of service volume to its product output
答案: 【 系统服务量与环境负荷之比 The ratio of service volume to its related environmental load 】

10、单选题：
‍现有产业系统最符合哪组（ ）特征描述 Which of the following is the most suitable description of current industrial system（ ）‍
选项：
A: 所有物质均线性流过产业系统 All material flow linearly through industrial systems
B: 一些物质逐渐形成产业系统中的链状、网状等流动关系 Some materials are gradually linking industrial components as a chain or web in the industrial system
C: 已经形成了物质在产业系统中的封闭循环流动关系 The materials has been enclosed in industrial system
D: 产业系统中不可能形成物质的循环流动关系 It is impossible to form a material cycle in an industrial system
答案: 【 一些物质逐渐形成产业系统中的链状、网状等流动关系 Some materials are gradually linking industrial components as a chain or web in the industrial system】

11、单选题：
‌产业生态进化的理想目标是（ ）The ideal goal of industrial ecological evolution is（ ）‏
选项：
A: 消耗尽可能少的自然资源、排放尽量少的环境废物，产业系统在太阳能驱动下稳定运行 The industrial system can operate stably under solar power with as less consumption of natural resources and less environmental emissions as possible
B: 消耗尽可能多的自然资源，但排放尽量少的环境废物，使产业系统快速增大 The industrial system consumes as more natural resource and discharges as less emissions as possible, so that it can increase rapidly
C: 消耗尽可能少的自然资源，但排放尽量多的环境废物，使产业系统快速缩减 The industrial system consumes as less natural resource and emits as more wastes as possible, so that it can shrink quickly
D: 产业系统只消耗自然资源，但不排放环境废物，满足人类物质增长需要 The industrial system only consumes natural resource but do not discharge environmental emissions so as to meet the growth of human needs
答案: 【 消耗尽可能少的自然资源、排放尽量少的环境废物，产业系统在太阳能驱动下稳定运行 The industrial system can operate stably under solar power with as less consumption of natural resources and less environmental emissions as possible】

12、单选题：
​工业系统的社会经济与资源环境特征可表征为（ ）指标 The socio-economic and resource-environment characteristics of industrial systems can be described by indicators in（ ）‎
选项：
A: 钢铁产量、钢铁工业增加值、铁矿石消耗量、CO2排放量 Iron and steel production, iron and steel industry value added, iron ore consumption, CO2 emissions
B: 自然资源消耗量、产品产量、环境废物排放量、国民经济产值 National resource consumption, and product production. Environmental waste discharge, economic output value
C: 生态系统破坏量、废渣排放量、人体健康经济损失量、废气排放量 Ecosystem damage, residue discharge, human health economic loss, environmental emissions
D: 铁矿石开采量、人体健康损失量、土地占用量、水消耗量 Iron ore extraction, human health loss, land occupation, water consumption
答案: 【 钢铁产量、钢铁工业增加值、铁矿石消耗量、CO2排放量 Iron and steel production, iron and steel industry value added, iron ore consumption, CO2 emissions】

13、单选题：
‌钢铁工业系统的资源环境特征可采用（ ）指标描述 The resource and environmental characteristics of the iron and steel industry system can be described by indicators in（ ）‌
选项：
A: 铁矿石消耗量、钢铁产量、CO2排放量、钢铁工业增加值 Iron ore consumption, the iron and steel output, carbon dioxide emissions, iron and steel industry added value
B: 铁矿石消耗量、一次能源消耗量、水消耗量、废气排放量 The iron ore consumption, the primary energy consumption, fresh water consumption, gas emissions
C: 水消耗量、石灰石消耗量、铁矿石消耗量、一次能源消耗量 Fresh water consumption, limestone consumption, iron ore consumption, primary energy consumption
D: 废水排放量、废气排放量、固废排放量、废热排放量 Waste water discharge, gas emission, solid waste discharge, waste heat discharge
答案: 【 铁矿石消耗量、一次能源消耗量、水消耗量、废气排放量 The iron ore consumption, the primary energy consumption, fresh water consumption, gas emissions】

14、判断题：
‍产业系统是借助自然力随地表系统自然演化形成的系统（ ）Industrial system is a system that results from natural evolution of the natural system on the earth surface with the natural force （ ）‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

15、判断题：
‏产业系统是人类与地表长期交互作用的产物（ ） The industrial system results from the long-term interaction between human beings and the earth's surface（ ）‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

16、判断题：
‌产业系统与生态系统完全相同，所以两者可以进行类比分析（ ） The industrial system and the ecosystem are exactly the same, thus  we can make an analogy between the two systems（ ）​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

17、判断题：
​“生物”可繁殖同种生物，而“企业”却可培育非同种企业（ ） Ecological organisms can reproduce the same species of themselves, whereas industrial organisms can create heterogeneous enterprise（ ）​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

18、判断题：
‏“生物”和“企业”都会因其不再满足社会需要而死亡（ ） Both ecological organisms and industrial organisms will die because they no longer meet social needs（ ）‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

19、判断题：
‍能量只从最低“营养级”流入产业系统（ ）Both ecological organisms and industrial organisms will die because they no longer meet social needs（ ）‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

20、判断题：
‍能量可从任何“营养级”流入产业系统（ ） Both ecological organisms and industrial organisms will die because they no longer meet social needs（ ）‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

21、判断题：
​产业系统可利用多种类型的能源（ ）Industrial system can use multiple types of energy（ ）​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

22、判断题：
‎生态系统和产业系统都只能利用某一种能源（ ） Both ecosystems and industrial systems can only use one type of energy（ ）‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

23、判断题：
‌人类需求是任何系统发展的驱动力（ ）Human needs are the driving force behind any system development（ ）‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

24、判断题：
‌产业系统的生态效率可表达为环境负荷与系统服务量之比（ ）The eco-efficiency of an industrial system can be expressed as the ratio of environmental load to its service volume（ ）‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

25、判断题：
​现有产业系统正逐步形成物质在产业系统中的链状、网状等流动关系（ ）Current industrial systems are gradually forming its material chains and webs in the industrial system（ ）‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

26、判断题：
‍产业生态进化的目的是协调人类与环境间关系（ ）The goal of industrial ecological evolution is to coordinate the human-environment relationship（ ）‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

27、判断题：
‌产业系统优化的目标是消耗尽可能少的自然资源，排放尽量少的环境废物，来满足人类社会经济发展需要（ ）The goal of industrial system optimization is to meet the human needs of socio-economic development with as less consumption of natural resources and less environmental emission  as possible（ ）‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

28、判断题：
‏工业系统的外部特征可描述为资源、环境、社会和经济四个方面（ ）The external characteristics of industrial systems can be described as the following 4 respects: resources, environments, society and economy（ ）‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

29、判断题：
​钢铁工业系统的主要社会服务特征是提供钢铁产品和消耗铁矿石（ ）The main social services of the iron and steel industry system are  the provision of iron and steel products and the consumption of iron ore（ ）‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

30、判断题：
‎钢铁工业系统的主要资源环境特征是提供钢铁产品和消耗铁矿石（ ）The main characteristics of the iron and steel industry system in respects of resource and environment are the provision of iron and  steel products and the consumption of iron ore（ ）‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

31、判断题：
‎钢铁工业系统的资源环境特征可反映其自然资源消耗与环境废物排放状况（ ）The characteristics of iron and steel industrial systems in respect of resource and environment may reflect their status in natural resource consumption and environmental emissions（ ）‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

课后测after class test 4

1、单选题：
‌狭义地讲,下列哪组（ ）属于“服务”而不属于“产品” In a narrow sense, which of the following can be called as a "service" rather than a "product"（ ）​
选项：
A: 衣物干洗 Cleaning of clothes
B: 洗衣机 Washing machine
C: 衣物 Cloth
D: 理发用具 Hairdressing utensils
答案: 【 衣物干洗 Cleaning of clothes】

2、单选题：
‍狭义地讲,下列哪项（ ）属于“产品”而不属于“服务” In a narrow sense, which of the following is a "product" rather than a "service"（ ）‌
选项：
A: 复印文件 Photocopying of document
B: 灯泡 Light bulb
C: 理发 Hair-cutting
D: 快递服务 Express Service
答案: 【 灯泡 Light bulb】

3、单选题：
​LCA不能用于评价以下哪项（ ）的环境影响 Which of the following item can't be evaluated by a LCA technology for its environmental impact（ ）​
选项：
A: 洗衣机 Washing machine
B: 洗衣过程 Washing process
C: 洗衣店 Laundry
D: 洗衣店员工 Laundry staff
答案: 【 洗衣店员工 Laundry staff】

4、单选题：
‏LCA不能用于评价以下哪项（ ）的环境影响 Which of the following item can't be evaluated by a LCA technology for its environmental impact（ ）‏
选项：
A: 产品 Products
B: 服务 Services
C: 工艺 Process
D: 土地 Land
答案: 【 土地 Land】

5、单选题：
‎LCA研究结果不能用于（ ）用途 Which of the following usages could not be supported by a LCA study（ ）‍
选项：
A: 优选交通方式 The choice of traffic mode
B: 政府决策 Government decision
C: 景观设计 Landscape design
D: 市场营销 Marketing
答案: 【 景观设计 Landscape design】

6、单选题：
‏开展LCA研究通常不包括以下哪个（ ）阶段  Which of the following phases will be excluded in a LCA study（ ）‎
选项：
A: 研究目的和范围界定 Goal and scope definition
B: 结果的解释与讨论 Interpretation
C: 产品设计与施工 Design products and construction
D: 环境影响评价 Impact assessment
答案: 【 产品设计与施工 Design products and construction】

7、单选题：
‌以下哪项（ ）不属产品系统的组成阶段 Which of the following does not be treated as the component stage of a product system （ ）‍
选项：
A: 资源开采 Resource exploitation
B: 产品使用 Use of products
C: 产品运输 Product transportation
D: 产品设计 Product design
答案: 【 产品设计 Product design】

8、单选题：
​产品系统中通常不包括（ ）生命周期阶段 Which of the following stage is usually excluded by a product life-cycle system（ ）​
选项：
A: 产品加工与制造 Fabrication & manufacture of products
B: 废物回收 Waste recovery
C: 产品选材 Material selection
D: 产品再使用 Reuse of products
答案: 【 产品选材 Material selection】

9、单选题：
​根据国际LCA标准,环境影响大类中不包括（ ） Which of the following does not be treated as the main environmental impact categories in the international LCA standards（ ）​
选项：
A: 生态破坏 Ecological consequence
B: 资源使用 Natural resources depletion
C: 国际贸易 International trade
D: 人体健康 Human health
答案: 【 国际贸易 International trade】

10、单选题：
‏以下哪项（ ）不属于“灯泡”的服务功能 Which of the following does not describe the function of a light bulb（ ）‏
选项：
A: 照明 Lighting
B: 装饰 Decoration
C: 隔声 Sound Insulation
D: 供热 Heating
答案: 【 隔声 Sound Insulation】

11、单选题：
‌以下哪项（ ）不属于“瓶子”的功能 Which of the following does not describe the function of a bottle（ ）‎
选项：
A: 盛装饮料 Carrying beverage
B: 抗震 Quake resistant
C: 保存样品 Preserving samples
D: 插花 Flower arrangement
答案: 【 抗震 Quake resistant】

12、单选题：
‎如果对比私家车和公交车的环境影响，以下哪种（ ）可作为其“功能单位（function unit）” If you compare the environmental impact of private cars and public traffic, which of the following can be used as the function unit of the LCA study（ ）​
选项：
A: 提供1万人从A地到B地间的日常交通，服役10年 Providing 10 years of daily transportation from place A to place B for 10 thousands of people
B: 提供1万人从A地到B地间的日常交通 Providing daily transportation from place A to place B for 10 thousands of people
C: 提供1万人的日常交通，服役10年 Providing 10 years of daily transportation for 10 thousands of people
D: 提供1万人的日常交通 Providing daily transportation for 10 thousands of people
答案: 【 提供1万人从A地到B地间的日常交通，服役10年 Providing 10 years of daily transportation from place A to place B for 10 thousands of people】

13、单选题：
‌如果对比不同材质的饮料瓶的环境影响，以下哪种（ ）可作为其“功能单位（function unit）” If you compare the environmental impacts of beverage bottles with different materials, which of the following can be used as the function unit of the LCA study（）‍
选项：
A: 盛装10000升饮料 Transport 10000 liters of beverage
B: 盛装10000升饮料，服役1年 Transport 10000 liters of beverage and serve for one year
C: 10000只饮料瓶 10000 beverage bottles
D: 10000只饮料瓶，服役1年 10000 beverage bottles and serve for one year
答案: 【 盛装10000升饮料，服役1年 Transport 10000 liters of beverage and serve for one year】

14、单选题：
‏如果针对“干燥手臂”功能，对比“纸巾”与“干手器”的环境影响，以下哪种（ ）可作为其“功能单位（function unit）” If you compare the environmental impacts of tissue and hand dryer for the cleaning of hands function, which of the following can be used as the function unit of the LCA study（ ）‍
选项：
A: 擦干10000双手，服役1年 To dry 10000 pairs of hands and serve for one year
B: 擦干10000双手 To dry 10000 pairs of hands
C: 1000只“干手器” 和1000张纸巾 1000 hand-dryers and 1000 pieces of paper
D: 擦干某学校师生的手臂，服役1年 To dry the hands of all teachers and students in a school for one year
答案: 【 擦干10000双手，服役1年 To dry 10000 pairs of hands and serve for one year】

15、单选题：
​以下哪项（ ）不宜作为LCA研究中环境影响的类别 Which of the following should not be used as a category of environmental impacts in a LCA study（ ）‌
选项