第一单元 绪论、细胞的基本概念与分子基础

第一单元 测试

1、单选题:
‎在1858年首先提出“细胞来自细胞”这一著名论断的学者是‌
选项:
A: R.Hook
B: A.Leeuwenhook
C: Virchow
D: W.Flemming
E: C.Darwin
答案: 【 Virchow

2、单选题:
‎由非细胞原始生命进化为细胞生物的转变中,首先出现的是​
选项:
A: 细胞核
B: 细胞膜
C: 细胞器
D: 核膜
答案: 【 细胞膜

3、单选题:
‏在原核细胞中‌
选项:
A: 只有DNA,没有RNA
B: 只有RNA,没有DNA
C: 只有RNA,没有蛋白质
D: 既有DNA,也有RNA
答案: 【 既有DNA,也有RNA

4、单选题:
‎人体生命活动的基本结构与功能的单位是​
选项:
A: 细胞膜
B: 细胞核
C: 细胞器
D: 细胞
答案: 【 细胞

5、单选题:
‎关于 DNA分子,下列哪项叙述有误‍
选项:
A: 带有遗传信息
B: 具有双螺旋的空间结构
C: 由两条同方向的单核苷酸链互补结合而成
D: 在DNA分子上分布有众多的基因
答案: 【 由两条同方向的单核苷酸链互补结合而成

6、单选题:
‏关于RNA,下列哪项叙述有误‏
选项:
A: 分为 mRNA、tRNA和 rRNA三种
B: 均分布于细胞质或细胞器中
C: 与蛋白质的合成直接相关
D: 一般为线形
答案: 【 均分布于细胞质或细胞器中

7、单选题:
‍目前所知的最小细胞是‎
选项:
A: 球菌
B: 杆菌
C: 衣原体
D: 支原体
答案: 【 支原体

8、单选题:
​关于mRNA,下列哪项叙述有误‌
选项:
A: 是DNA转录的产物
B: 主要分布在细胞核中
C: 可直接指导蛋白质合成
D: 不同基因的mRNA分子量悬殊较大
答案: 【 主要分布在细胞核中

9、单选题:
​最早发现细胞并将其命名为“cell”的学者是‏
选项:
A:  R.Hook
B: A.Leeuwenhook
C: R.Brown
D: C.Darwin
答案: 【  R.Hook

10、单选题:
​在普通光镜下可以观察到的细胞结构是‏
选项:
A: 核孔
B: 核仁
C: 溶酶体
D: 核糖体
答案: 【 核仁

11、单选题:
​What’s the control center of a cell?‏
选项:
A: Cytoplasm
B: Mitochondria
C: Nucleus
D: Membrane
答案: 【 Nucleus

12、单选题:
‍The outer skin of a cell is called‎
选项:
A: Nucleus
B: Mitochondria
C: Cytoplasm
D: Membrane
答案: 【 Membrane

13、单选题:
‌Plant cells have ___ and ___, which are not present in animal cells.​
选项:
A: mitochondria, chloroplasts    
B: cell membranes, cell walls
C: chloroplasts, nucleus
D: chloroplasts, cell wall 
答案: 【 chloroplasts, cell wall 

14、单选题:
‍Cell Biology is a discipline by which       . ‏
选项:
A: We attempt to gain an understanding of the structure and function of cells.
B: We study the life circle of cells.
C: We attempt to reveal the mystery of the life at cell level.  
D: All of the above.
答案: 【 All of the above.

15、单选题:
‌Which of the following statements about cell theory is true?‎
选项:
A: Cell is the basic units of an organism.
B: In multi-cell organism every cell have specific function.
C: New cell is produced from pre-existing cell.   
D: All of the above.
答案: 【 All of the above.

16、单选题:
‎The common feature for both prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell is        .​‎​
选项:
A: Cell membrane 
B: DNA (genetic matter)  
C: Ribosome(protein synthesis)
D: All of the above
答案: 【 All of the above

17、单选题:
Which of the following group is not the common feature of both prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell         .‎‎‎
选项:
A: Cell membrane
B: Cytoplasmic membrane system 
C: DNA (genetic matter)   
D: Ribosome (protein synthesis)
答案: 【 Cytoplasmic membrane system 

18、单选题:
‍The cell theory was proposed by _____.‌‍‌
选项:
A: Hooke
B: Watson and Crick     
C: Schwann and Schleiden       
D: Virchow
答案: 【 Schwann and Schleiden       

19、单选题:
‎The DNA double helix model was proposed by ____.​
选项:
A: Morgan
B: Watson and Crick     
C: Schwann and Schleiden
D: Medel
答案: 【 Watson and Crick     

20、单选题:
‏About the genetic material in prokartyotic cells, which statement is not correct?‍
选项:
A: They are circular DNA molecules.
B: They are located in nucleoid(拟核)
C: Their genetic material is a complex of DNA and protein.   
D: The transcription and translation of genes in prokartyotic cells are taking place at the same time in cytoplasm.
答案: 【 Their genetic material is a complex of DNA and protein.   

随堂测试

1、单选题:
‎原核细胞与真核细胞都具有的一种细胞器是‏
选项:
A: 细胞骨架
B: 线粒体
C: 中心体
D: 核糖体
答案: 【 核糖体

2、单选题:
‌关于原核细胞的特征,下列哪项叙述有误‌
选项:
A: 无真正的细胞核
B: 其DNA分子常与组蛋白结合
C: 以无丝分裂方式增殖
D: 体积较小(1~10μm)
答案: 【 其DNA分子常与组蛋白结合

3、单选题:
​下列哪项不是原核细胞‏
选项:
A: 大肠杆菌
B: 肺炎环菌
C: 支原体
D: 真菌
答案: 【 真菌

4、单选题:
‏关于真核细胞的遗传物质,下列哪项叙述有误‏
选项:
A: 为多条DNA分子
B: 均分布在细胞核中
C: 其DNA分子常与组蛋白结合形成染色质
D: 在细胞生命活动的不同阶段有不同的形态
答案: 【 均分布在细胞核中

5、多选题:
‎下列哪些属于真核细胞的非膜相结构​
选项:
A: 核糖体
B: 染色体
C: 微管
D: 核仁
答案: 【 核糖体;
染色体;
微管;
核仁

第二单元 细胞膜的结构、物质的跨膜运输

第二单元 单元测试

1、单选题:
The active movement of 2 types of molecules in the reverse direction across a membrane is an example of       .‌‎‌
选项:
A: symport
B: antiport
C: uniport
D: facilitated diffusion
答案: 【 antiport

2、单选题:
The active movement of 2 types of molecules in the same direction across a membrane is an example of       .‌‏‌
选项:
A: symport
B: antiport
C: uniport
D: facilitated diffusion
答案: 【 symport

3、单选题:
‌H2O pass through the cell membran by      .    ‎
选项:
A: Simple Diffusion
B: Facilitated Diffusion
C: Active Transport
D: Cotransport
答案: 【 Facilitated Diffusion

4、单选题:
‎The function of biomembrane is determined by         .       ‎
选项:
A: membrane proteins
B: phospholipids
C: carbohydrates
D: nucleotides
答案: 【 membrane proteins

5、单选题:
‎O2 and CO2 pass through the biomembrane by         .       ‍
选项:
A: simple diffusion
B: factilitated diffusion
C: active transport
D: antiport
答案: 【 simple diffusion

6、单选题:
​Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) passes through biomembrane by         .       ‎
选项:
A: facilitated diffusion
B: pinocytosis
C: phagocytosis
D: receptor-mediated endocytosis
答案: 【 receptor-mediated endocytosis

7、单选题:
‌The absorption of glucose in small intestinal epithelium is by        .  ​
选项:
A: simple diffusion
B: faciliated diffusion
C: antiport
D: symport
答案: 【 symport

8、单选题:
‌The ABO blood type antigens on human red blood cells are        . ‌
选项:
A: phospholipids
B: glycolipids
C: cholesterol
D: peripheral proteins
答案: 【 glycolipids

9、单选题:
‏The backbone of cell membrane is made up of        . ‏
选项:
A: phospholipids
B: cholesterol 
C: glycolipids
D: proteins
答案: 【 phospholipids

10、单选题:
‎The Tay-Sachs patients’ brain cells accumulate a lot of        .             ‌
选项:
A: cerebrosids(脑苷脂) 
B: GM2(神经节苷脂)  
C: Sphingomyelin(鞘磷脂)   
D: cerebrosids sulfate(硫酸脑苷脂)
答案: 【 GM2(神经节苷脂)  

11、单选题:
‍The cells engulf the microorganisms and debris by        .            ‏
选项:
A: phagocytosis
B: pinocytosis
C: active transport  
D: endocytosis
答案: 【 phagocytosis

12、单选题:
‏Put the cells in 5% glucose solution, the cells become swelling and finally rupture, which implies that the cytoplasmic concentration of these cells are        .             ‏
选项:
A: higher than 5% glucose solution  
B: lower than 5% glucose solution
C: equal to 5% glucose solution 
D: none of above
答案: 【 higher than 5% glucose solution  

13、单选题:
‏Ca2+ pass through cell membrane against its gradient by        .  ‎
选项:
A: active transport  
B: simple diffusion  
C: facilitated diffusion  
D: uniport
答案: 【 active transport  

14、单选题:
‏The widely accepted biomembrane structure mode is         .             ​
选项:
A: fluid mosaic model   
B: crystal mosaic model  
C: plate mosaic model
D: lipid raft model
答案: 【 fluid mosaic model   

15、单选题:
​Which statment is not correct description about the Na+---K+ pump?‌
选项:
A: Na+--K+ pump is ATPase.
B: It pumps K+ intothe cell and  Na+ out of the cell.
C: Na+--K+ pump is a transmembrane protein complex.
D: It pump Na+ and K+ along their concentrayion gradient.
答案: 【 It pump Na+ and K+ along their concentrayion gradient.

随堂测试

1、单选题:
‍粘多糖累积病是由于‌
选项:
A: 血液中透明质酸(HA)含量升高
B: 先天性缺乏合成GAG的酶
C: 硫酸皮肤素蛋白聚糖和硫酸化程度降低
D: 氨基聚糖(GAG)和蛋白聚糖(PG)及其降解中间产物在体内一定部位堆积
答案: 【 氨基聚糖(GAG)和蛋白聚糖(PG)及其降解中间产物在体内一定部位堆积

第三单元 细胞通讯与信号转导

第三单元 单元测试

1、单选题:
‍Which molecule does not belong to the second messenger?        .            ‍
选项:
A: cAMP
B: cGMP
C: IP3
D: Grb2(生长因子受体结合蛋白2)
答案: 【 Grb2(生长因子受体结合蛋白2)

2、单选题:
‏After hydrolysis, PIP2 will produce two second messengers        .             ‍
选项:
A: DAG and IP2  
B: DAG and IP3  
C: DAG  
D: IP3  
答案: 【 DAG and IP3  

3、单选题:
‏The extracellular signal molecules do not include        .     ‍
选项:
A: sex hormones  
B: cyclins
C: neurotransmitter  
D: local mediators
答案: 【 sex hormones  

4、单选题:
Nitroglycerin(硝酸甘油) is used as a medicine for angina pectoris(心绞痛) because ____.​‎​
选项:
A: Have analgesic effect(镇痛)
B: Antiacetylcholine(抗乙酰胆碱)
C: It can be converted into

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