第一讲 经济问题

1.1 随堂测验

1、单选题:
‍关于稀缺性,下面哪个说法是错的?‌
选项:
A:  最富有的国家也有稀缺性
B: 相对而言,稀缺性的存在更因为欲望无限
C: 相对而言,稀缺性的存在更因为资源有限
D: 稀缺性的存在也促成了效率的提高
答案: 【 相对而言,稀缺性的存在更因为资源有限

2、多选题:
‏关于稀缺性,如下哪些说法是对的‌
选项:
A: 稀缺性可以通过修身养性来解决
B: 稀缺性是技术进步的动力
C: 稀缺性是促使了经济活动的繁荣
D: 稀缺性存在于所有的社会
答案: 【 稀缺性是技术进步的动力;
稀缺性是促使了经济活动的繁荣;
稀缺性存在于所有的社会

1.10 随堂测验

1、单选题:
‎以下哪个问题不是微观经济学的研究内容​
选项:
A: 厂商生产商品的产量和价格
B: 失业率的上升和下降失业率的上升和下降
C: 政府宏观经济研究部门的雇佣情况
D: 税收对某一商品价格的影响税收对某一商品价格的影响
答案: 【 失业率的上升和下降失业率的上升和下降

2、判断题:
‌对于价格的分析是理解市场机制运行的关键之处​
选项:
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确

1.3 随堂测验

1、单选题:
‍如果你用别人送的票看电影,你看电影的机会成本是‏
选项:
A: 电影票的价格
B: 时间的成本
C: 电影票的价值和看电影花掉的时间的价值
D: 今后要礼尚往来回送别人礼物的价值
答案: 【 电影票的价值和看电影花掉的时间的价值

2、单选题:
​假设发电只需要煤炭,那么在竞争条件下,使用煤炭发电的机会成本就是​
选项:
A: 煤炭当前的市场价值
B: 煤炭的购入成本
C: 煤炭在未来能够卖出的最好价格
D: 煤炭的购入成本和未来最好价格两者中最大的那个值
答案: 【 煤炭当前的市场价值

1.4 随堂测验

1、判断题:
‍社会做出基本的选择的目的是要有效率地配置资源‍
选项:
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确

1.7 随堂测验

1、单选题:
​市场经济制度之所以有助于实现效率,最重要原因之一是‌
选项:
A: 经济自由,想干什么干什么
B: 分权决策,不受约束
C: 通过市场交换迅速传递市场信息
D: 充分追求个人利益
答案: 【 通过市场交换迅速传递市场信息

2、单选题:
‎下面哪个因素最不可以描述成市场机制中的看不见的手‌
选项:
A: 政府所进行的人们无法预测到的干预
B: 相对价格变化
C: 人们的个人利益驱使
D: 人们的理性行为
答案: 【 政府所进行的人们无法预测到的干预

3、单选题:
‍市场经济的内在动力是什么‏
选项:
A: 分权决策
B: 利益驱使
C: 价格引导
D: 互利交换
答案: 【 利益驱使

1.8 随堂测验

1、单选题:
‎下面哪一条不是(竞争)市场经济相对于计划经济的优点‍
选项:
A: 人们追求个人利益
B: 传递供求信息快
C: 决策与反应快
D: 人们追求个人利益时也实现了社会利益
答案: 【 人们追求个人利益

2、单选题:
‌市场经济通过什么样的方式解决三个最基本的选择?‍
选项:
A: 政府计划机构对市场的调控和引导
B: 鼓励人们追求个人利益
C: 价格机制和利益导向
D: 利他主义和利己主义的良好结合
答案: 【 价格机制和利益导向

3、判断题:
​纯粹形式的市场经济和计划经济现实中都是不存在的‎
选项:
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确

1.9 随堂测验

1、单选题:
​如下哪些说法是实证经济学‍
选项:
A: 李克强总理说,政府不可任性
B: 王岐山书记说,有些官员很任性
C: 小平同志说,发展是硬道理
D: 小平同志说,不管白猫黑猫,抓住老鼠就是好猫
答案: 【 王岐山书记说,有些官员很任性

2、判断题:
‏”中国的经济改革带来收入分配差距加大,但是研究表明,这是促进经济增长的必要代价“。这属于规范经济学范畴。‍
选项:
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误

第二讲 供给、需求与市场均衡

Multiple Choice Questions

1、单选题:
1. In a free market, who determines how much of a good will be sold and the price at which it is sold?‍
选项:
A: suppliers
B: demanders
C: the government
D: suppliers and demanders together
答案: 【 suppliers and demanders together

2、单选题:
‎2. Which of the following is true?‍
选项:
A: Buyers determine supply and sellers determine demand.
B: Buyers determine demand and sellers determine supply.
C: Buyers and sellers as one group determine supply.
D: Buyers and sellers as one group determine demand.
答案: 【 Buyers determine demand and sellers determine supply.

3、单选题:
‎3. If Francis receives a decrease in his pay, we would expect‏
选项:
A: Francis's demand for each good he purchases to remain unchanged.
B: Francis's demand for normal goods to increase.
C: Francis's demand for luxury goods to increase.
D: Francis's demand for inferior goods to increase.
答案: 【 Francis's demand for inferior goods to increase.

4、单选题:
4. Two goods are substitutes if a decrease in the price of one good‎
选项:
A: increases the demand for the other good.
B: reduces the demand for the other good.
C: reduces the quantity demanded of the other good.
D: increases the quantity demanded of the other good.
答案: 【 reduces the demand for the other good.

5、单选题:
‎5. If goods A and B are complements, an increase in the price of A will result in‏
选项:
A: more of good A sold.
B: more of good B sold.
C: less of good B sold.
D: no difference in the quantity sold of either good.
答案: 【 less of good B sold.

6、单选题:
6. Which of the following demonstrates the law of demand?‎
选项:
A: Jon buys more pretzels at $1.50 each since he got a $1 raise at work.
B: Melissa buys fewer muffins at $0.75 each than at $1 each.
C: Dave buys more donuts at $0.25 each than at $0.50 each.
D: Kendra buys fewer Snickers at $0.60 each since the price of Milky Ways fell to $0.50 each.
答案: 【 Dave buys more donuts at $0.25 each than at $0.50 each.

7、单选题:
‌7. If a decrease in income increases the demand for a good, then the good is‌
选项:
A: a substitute good.
B: a complement good.
C: a normal good.
D: an inferior good.
答案: 【 an inferior good.

8、单选题:
‏8. What will happen in the rice market if buyers are expecting higher prices in the near future?‍
选项:
A: The demand for rice will increase.
B: The demand for rice will decrease.
C: The demand for rice will be unaffected.
D: The supply of rice will increase.
答案: 【 The demand for rice will increase.

9、单选题:
‍9. Which of the following would NOT shift the demand curve for a good or service?‏
选项:
A: a change in income
B: a change in the price of the good or service
C: a change in expectations about the price of the good or service
D: a change in the price of a related good
答案: 【 a change in the price of the good or service

10、单选题:
‍10. The number of buyers in a market affects‎
选项:
A: the market demand for a good.
B: individual demand curves for a good.
C: both individual demand curves and the market demand for a good.
D: neither individual nor market demand.
答案: 【 the market demand for a good.

11、单选题:
‎11. If the number of buyers in the market decreases, the‏
选项:
A: demand in the market will increase.
B: demand in the market will decrease.
C: supply in the market will increase.
D: supply in the market will decrease.
答案: 【 demand in the market will decrease.

12、单选题:
‌12. Suppose that scientists find evidence that proves chocolate pudding lowers cholesterol. We would expect to see‍
选项:
A: no change in the demand for chocolate pudding.
B: a decrease in the demand for chocolate pudding.
C: an increase in the demand for chocolate pudding.
D: a decrease in the supply of chocolate pudding.
答案: 【 an increase in the demand for chocolate pudding.

13、单选题:
‌13. The supply schedule is a table that shows the relationship between‎
选项:
A: price and quantity supplied.
B: price and quantity demanded.
C: supply and quantity.
D: profit and price.
答案: 【 price and quantity supplied.

14、单选题:
‌14. A movement along the supply curve might be caused by a change in‍
选项:
A: technology.
B: input prices.
C: expectations about future prices.
D: the price of the good or service.
答案: 【 the price of the good or service.

15、单选题:
‎15. An advance in production technology will‎
选项:
A: increase a firm's costs.
B: allow firms to raise the price of their product.
C: shift the supply curve to the right.
D: Both a and b are correct.
答案: 【 shift the supply curve to the right.

16、单选题:
​16. Holding the non-price determinants of supply constant, a change in price would​
选项:
A: result in a change in supply.
B: have no effect on the quantity supplied.
C: result in a shift of demand.
D: result in a movement along a stable supply curve.
答案: 【 result in a movement along a stable supply curve.

17、单选题:
‏17. If suppliers expect the price of their product to fall in the future they will‌
选项:
A: decrease supply now.
B: increase supply now.
C: increase supply in the future but not now.
D: do nothing, since there is nothing they can do to affect the price in the future.
答案: 【 increase supply now.

18、单选题:
‍18. Wheat is the main input in the production of flour. If the price of wheat increases, all else equal, we would expect the‌
选项:
A: supply of flour to be unaffected.
B: supply of flour to decrease.
C: supply of flour to increase.
D: demand for flour to decrease.
答案: 【 supply of flour to decrease.

19、单选题:
‎19. An early frost in the vineyards of Napa Valley would cause​
选项:
A: an increase in the demand for wine, increasing price.
B: an increase in the supply of wine, decreasing price.
C: a decrease in the demand for wine, decreasing price.
D: a decrease in the supply of wine, increasing price.
答案: 【 a decrease in the supply of wine, increasing price.

20、单选题:
‏20. Which of the following would definitely result in a higher price in the market for Snickers?​
选项:
A: demand increases and supply decreases
B: demand and supply both decrease
C: demand decreases and supply increases
D: demand and supply both increase
答案: 【 demand increases and supply decreases

21、单选题:
‏21. If the demand for a product decreases, we would expect equilibrium price‌
选项:
A: to increase and equilibrium quantity to decrease.
B: to decrease and equilibrium quantity to increase.
C: and equilibrium quantity to both increase.
D: and equilibrium quantity to both decrease.
答案: 【 and equilibrium quantity to both decrease.

22、单选题:
‎22. If the supply of a product increases, we would expect equilibrium price‌
选项:
A: to increase and equilibrium quantity to decrease.
B: to decrease and equilibrium quantity to increase.
C: and equilibrium quantity to both increase.
D: and equilibrium quantity to both decrease.
答案: 【 to decrease and equilibrium quantity to increase.

23、单选题:
‎23. Suppose that the number of buyers in a market increases and a technological advancement occurs. What would we expect to happen in the market?​
选项:
A: The equilibrium price would increase, but the impact on the amount sold in the market would be ambiguous.
B: The equilibrium price would decrease, but the impact on the amount sold in the market would be ambiguous.
C: Equilibrium quantity would increase, but the impact on equilibrium price would be ambiguous.
D: Both equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity would increase.
答案: 【 Equilibrium quantity would increase, but the impact on equilibrium price would be ambiguous.

24、单选题:
‎24. Which of the following would result in an increase in equilibrium price and an ambiguous change in equilibrium quantity?‏
选项:
A: an increase in supply and demand
B: an increase in supply and a decrease in demand
C: a decrease in supply and an increase in demand
D: a decrease in supply and demand
答案: 【 a decrease in supply and an increase in demand

25、单选题:
‏25. When supply and demand both increase, equilibrium‌
选项:
A: price will increase.
B: price will decrease.
C: quantity may increase, decrease, or remain unchanged.
D: price may increase, decrease, or remain unchanged.
答案: 【 price may increase, decrease, or remain unchanged.

借助于供求曲线的分析

1、单选题:
‌关于供求均衡价格论,如下哪种说法是错的?‍‌‍
选项:
A: 均衡价格成立的前提是,供给曲线和需求曲线是稳定的;
B: 均衡价格成立的前提是,影响供给与需求的各种因素不再变化;
C: 如果价格导致供求不能相等,那它会自动调节,一直到供求相等。
D:  即使外在条件发生改变,均衡价格也稳定不变的;
答案: 【  即使外在条件发生改变,均衡价格也稳定不变的;

2、单选题:
美国经济学家访问一个小岛,发现岛上出售各种科学家的大脑,其中经济学家大脑最为昂贵:物理学家、化学家等大脑价格都在每盎司150-200美元之间,可是经济学家大脑在每盎司250美元左右。他们一开始非常开心和自豪,但是后来了解实情后就发现理解错了。原因是:‎
选项:
A: 他们一开始认为经济学家很受欢迎,很值钱。虽然经济学家供给大,但是需求更大;
B: 他们最后发现,经济学家不受待见。对经济学家大脑的需求很少,可是经济学家的大脑供应更少,因为尽管经济学家供给多,可是每个经济学家没有多少大脑;
C: 岛上经济学家太少;
D: 上述解释都可能成立。
答案: 【 上述解释都可能成立。

3、判断题:
认为生产费用决定价格的理论,仍然可以在供求均衡价格理论中找到解释,即在需求不变时,因为生产费用变化带来的供给变化会影响价格。​
选项:
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确

公共政策分析

1、多选题:
‍如果对粮农进行补贴,会产生如下结果:‎‍‎
选项:
A: 如果根据产量进行补贴,粮农和消费者都会受益;
B: 如果按人头进行补贴,一般只会是粮农受益;
C: 产生什么结果根本不确定;
D: 粮农会受益,但是消费者会受损。
答案: 【 如果根据产量进行补贴,粮农和消费者都会受益;;
如果按人头进行补贴,一般只会是粮农受益;

利用供求图分析的题目。

1、单选题:
‏想必大家已经注意到了每逢春节到了,一些蔬菜比如蒜苗,黄瓜等价格都会上涨,那么你觉得关于其上涨的原因中说法正确的是(  )‎
选项:
A: 春节期间,供给不变,由于人们对某些高档蔬菜需求增加了,所以均衡的价格上涨了。
B: 春节期间,需求不变,由于一般是在冬季所以生产成本高,因此供给少了,所以价格上涨了。
C: 春节期间,由于需求的增加,而冬季供给的减少,使得需求曲线右移而供给左移,最终均衡的价格上涨了。
D: 春节期间,由于人们需求减少了,所以供给也就少了,最终价格上涨了。
答案: 【 春节期间,由于需求的增加,而冬季供给的减少,使得需求曲线右移而供给左移,最终均衡的价格上涨了。

及时测验

1、单选题:
​当粮食价格持续上升时,会如下哪种情形最不会发生?‍​‍
选项:
A: 粮农扩大生产;
B: 粮农增加供给;
C: 生产者不再精耕细作;
D: 棉花价格上升
答案: 【 生产者不再精耕细作;

2、多选题:
‏当粮食价格持续上升时,棉花生产可能发生如下情形:‍
选项:
A: 棉花种植面积增加;
B: 棉花种植面积减少;
C: 棉花供给曲线向上移动;
D: 棉花供给曲线向左移动;
答案: 【 棉花种植面积减少;;
棉花供给曲线向上移动;;
棉花供给曲线向左移动;

对需求的认识

1、单选题:
‎‏一个商品价格的上升会趋向于产生如下结果:‎‎‏‎
选项:
A: ‍另外一个商品需求减少
B: 另外一个商品需求增加
C: 互补商品需求减少
D: 替代商品需求量减少
答案: 【 互补商品需求减少

2、单选题:
如下那个说法在经济学理论上是错的?
选项:
A: 收入增加时,对低劣商品的需求量减少;
B: 收入增加时,对正常商品的需求增加;
C: 商品价格上升时,该商品的替代品需求增加;
D: 商品价格上升时,该商品的互补品需求减少。
答案: 【 收入增加时,对低劣商品的需求量减少;

第三讲弹性理论及其应用

3.1 随堂测验

1、单选题:
‎(单选)关于需求曲线与需求价格弹性大小的关系,如下哪种说法是对的:​‎​
选项:
A: 相对于斜率(绝对值)大的需求曲线,斜率(绝对值)小的需求曲线的弹性(绝对值)总是要小一些;
B: 相对于斜率(绝对值)大的需求曲线,斜率(绝对值)小的需求曲线的弹性(绝对值)总是要大一些;
C: 如果位置既定,那么斜率(绝对值)越小,即曲线越平缓,则弹性(绝对值)越大;
D: 如果位置既定,那么斜率(绝对值)越小,即曲线越平缓,则弹性(绝对值)越小;
答案: 【 如果位置既定,那么斜率(绝对值)越小,即曲线越平缓,则弹性(绝对值)越大;

2、多选题:
‍(多选)已知需求方程为D=20-2P,关于需求价格弹性,如下事实成立:‌‍‌
选项:
A: 当价格为5时,弹性绝对值为1;
B: 因为是直线,所以其弹性绝对值总是等于1;
C:  当价格大于5时,弹性绝对值大于1;
D: 当价格小于5时,弹性绝对值小于1;
答案: 【 当价格为5时,弹性绝对值为1;;
 当价格大于5时,弹性绝对值大于1;;
当价格小于5时,弹性绝对值小于1;

3、判断题:
​判断题:对同一个商品而言,如果其需求曲线为直线,其价格越低,则需求价格弹性越小。‌​‌​‌
选项:
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确

4、判断题:
‍ ‌‍判断题:我们总是可以做到通过降低价格来薄利多销。‌‍‌
选项:
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误

3.2随堂测验

1、单选题:
‌稀土金属的探明储存不多,且多集中在中国。关于其供给弹性,如下事实成立:‌‌‌
选项:
A:  如果仍然是竞争性地供给,其供给弹性很大;
B:  如果国家整合开矿,消除恶性竞争,其供给弹性会相对于A而言变小;
C: 如果时间足够的长,全球市场上的供给弹性会变大;
D: 以上都对。
答案: 【 以上都对。

2、多选题:
‍(多选)关于需求的收入弹性,如下事实成立:​‍​
选项:
A: 奢侈品的弹性大于必需品;
B: 必需品的弹性大于奢侈品;
C:     对吉芬商品而言,弹性为负值;
D: 对低劣商品而言,弹性为负值。
答案: 【 奢侈品的弹性大于必需品;;
    对吉芬商品而言,弹性为负值;;
对低劣商品而言,弹性为负值。

3、判断题:
‍从原点以外的纵轴上某点出发的直线供给曲线,其供给弹性总是大于1(需要计算才能做出判断)。‏‍‏
选项:
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确

4、判断题:
‌需求收入弹性的大小在曲线上表现为需求曲线移动的距离:弹性越大,移动距离越大;弹性越小,移动距离越小。‏‌‏
选项:
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确

3.3 随堂测验

1、多选题:
​(多选)导致谷贱伤农,即在粮食丰收的年份,粮食价格下降,农民收入减少的现象的原因是:‌​‌
选项:
A: 粮食供给弹性较小
B: 粮食的需求弹性太小
C: 粮食供给弹性小而需求弹性大
D: 粮食是一个竞争市场
答案: 【 粮食供给弹性较小;
粮食的需求弹性太小;
粮食是一个竞争市场

2、多选题:
​(多选)关于需求弹性在反垄断中的应用,如下哪个说法是正确的?​​​
选项:
A: 垄断和需求交叉弹性有关,弹性越大,则竞争越多。
B: 垄断和需求交叉弹性有关,弹性越大,则竞争越少。
C: 垄断和自己的需求价格弹性有关,弹性越大,则可能竞争越多
D: 垄断和自己的需求价格弹性有关,弹性越大,则可能表示消费者越有能力对其进行抵制。
答案: 【 垄断和需求交叉弹性有关,弹性越大,则竞争越多。;
垄断和自己的需求价格弹性有关,弹性越大,则可能竞争越多;
垄断和自己的需求价格弹性有关,弹性越大,则可能表示消费者越有能力对其进行抵制。

3、判断题:
‎判断题:我们可以利用需求的交叉价格弹性来测算一个企业的垄断程度,但是不能利用需求的(自身)价格弹性来测算。​‎​
选项:
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误

4、判断题:
‎判断题:如果对商品销售方或生产方征税,税收负担份额只和供给价格弹性有关。​‎​
选项:
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误

Multiple Choice Questions

1、单选题:
‍1. An inelastic demand means that‏
选项:
A: consumers hardly respond to a change in price.
B: consumers respond substantially to a change in price.
C: consumers respond directly to a change in income.
D: the change in quantity demanded is equal to the change in price.
答案: 【 consumers hardly respond to a change in price.

2、单选题:
‎2. Demand for a good would tend to be more inelastic the​
选项:
A: fewer the available substitutes.
B: longer the time period considered.
C: more the good is considered a luxury good.
D: more narrowly defined the market is.
答案: 【 fewer the available substitutes.

3、单选题:
‎3. Suppose there is a 6 percent increase in the price of good X and a resulting 6 percent decrease in the quantity of X demanded. Price elasticity of demand for X is‍
选项:
A: 1.
B: 6.
C: 0. 
D: infinite.
答案: 【 1.

4、单选题:

4. Refer to Figure 5-1. The section of the demand curve labeled C represents the


                        Figure 5-1

‏选项:
A: elastic section of the demand curve.
B: perfectly elastic section of the demand curve.
C: unit elastic section of the demand curve.
D: inelastic section of the demand curve.
答案: 【 inelastic section of the demand curve.

5、单选题:

5. Refer to Figure 5-2. The elasticity of demand from point A to point B, using the midpoint method would be


                         Figure 5-2

‌选项:
A: 1. 
B: 1.5.
C: 2.
D: 2.5.
答案: 【 2.5.

6、单选题:
​6. Elasticity of demand is closely related to the slope of the demand curve. The more responsive buyers are to a change in price, the demand curve will be‌
选项:
A: steeper.
B: further to the right.
C: flatter.
D: closer to the vertical axis.
答案: 【 flatter.

7、单选题:
‎7. A perfectly elastic demand curve will be‌
选项:
A: vertical.
B: horizontal.
C: downward sloping to the right.
D: upward sloping to the right.
答案: 【 horizontal.

8、单选题:
‎8. In the case of perfectly inelastic demand,‎
选项:
A: quantity demanded stays the same regardless of price changes.
B: huge changes in quantity demanded result from very small changes in the price.
C: the change in quantity demanded exactly equals the change in price.
D: the change in quantity demanded will be twice the change in price.
答案: 【 quantity demanded stays the same regardless of price changes.

9、单选题:
‌9. How does total revenue change as one moves down a linear demand curve?‏
选项:
A: It increases.
B: It decreases.
C: It first increases, then decreases.
D: It is unaffected by a movement along the demand curve.
答案: 【 It first increases, then decreases.

10、单选题:
10.  At the midpoint of a downward-sloping linear demand curve, price elasticity would be​
选项:
A: inelastic.
B: elastic.
C: unit elastic.
D: perfectly elastic.
答案: 【 unit elastic.

11、单选题:

11. Refer to Figure 5-3. If price falls in the A range of the demand curve we can expect total revenue to


                           Figure 5-3

​选项:
A: increase.
B: decrease.
C: stay the same.
D: decrease, then increase.
答案: 【 increase.

12、单选题:

12. Refer to Figure 5-4. As price falls from PA to PB, which demand curve is most elastic?


                           Figure 5-4

‍选项:
A: D1
B: D2
C: D3
D: All of the above are equally elastic.
答案: 【 D1

13、单选题:
‎13.  When demand is inelastic, a decrease in price will cause‌
选项:
A: an increase in total revenue.
B: a decrease in total revenue.
C: no change in total revenue.
D: There is insufficient information to answer this question.
答案: 【 a decrease in total revenue.

14、单选题:

14. Refer to Figure 5-5. The total revenue at P1 is represented by area(s)


                   Figure 5-5

‎选项:
A: B + D
B: A + B
C: C + D
D: D
答案: 【 B + D

15、单选题:
‏15. Holding all other forces constant, if raising the price of a good results in less total revenue, the demand for the good must  be‌
选项:
A: unit elastic.
B: inelastic.
C: elastic.
D: perfectly inelastic.
答案: 【 elastic.

16、单选题:
‌16. Income elasticity of demand measures how‍
选项:
A: the quantity demanded changes as consumer income changes.
B: consumer purchasing power is affected by a change in the price of a good.
C: the price of a good is affected when there is a change in consumer income.
D: many units of a good a consumer can buy given a certain income level.
答案: 【 the quantity demanded changes as consumer income changes.

17、单选题:
‍17. If a 6 percent increase in income results in a 10 percent increase in the quantity demanded of pizza, then the income elasticity of demand for pizza is‌
选项:
A: negative and therefore pizza is an normal good.
B: negative and therefore pizza is a inferior good.
C: positive and therefore pizza is an inferior good.
D: positive and therefore pizza is a normal good.
答案: 【 positive and therefore pizza is a normal good.

18、单选题:
‍18. Suppose that good X has a negative income elasticity of demand. This implies that the good is‍
选项:
A: a normal good.
B: a necessity.
C: an inferior good.
D: a luxury.
答案: 【 an inferior good.

19、单选题:
‍19. The cross-price elasticity of demand can tell us whether goods are‏
选项:
A: normal or inferior.
B: elastic or inelastic.
C: luxuries or necessities.
D: complements or substitutes.
答案: 【 complements or substitutes.

20、单选题:
‏20. If the cross-price elasticity of two goods is negative, then those two goods are‏
选项:
A: substitutes.
B: complements.
C: normal goods.
D: inferior goods.
答案: 【 complements.

21、单选题:
​21. The supply of a good will be more elastic the‌
选项:
A: more the good is considered a luxury.
B: broader the market is defined.
C: more close substitutes the good has.
D: longer the time period being considered.
答案: 【 longer the time period being considered.

22、单选题:
‌22. As elasticity rises‌
选项:
A: the supply curve gets flatter.
B: the supply curve gets steeper.
C: quantity supplied responds less to a change in price.
D: elasticity gets closer to zero.
答案: 【 the supply curve gets flatter.

23、单选题:
‏23. If the elasticity of supply is zero, then‎
选项:
A: supply is very elastic.
B: the supply curve is horizontal.
C: the quantity supplied is the same regardless of price.
D: Both b and c are correct.
答案: 【 the quantity supplied is the same regardless of price.

24、单选题:
‏24. The discovery of a new hybrid wheat can lower farmers' revenue because the​
选项:
A: demand for wheat is inelastic.
B: demand for wheat is elastic.
C: supply of wheat is elastic.
D: supply of wheat is inelastic.
答案: 【 demand for wheat is inelastic.

25、单选题:
‌25. A decrease in supply will cause the largest increase in price when‌
选项:
A: both supply and demand are inelastic.
B: both supply and demand are elastic.
C: demand is elastic and supply is inelastic.
D: demand is inelastic and supply is elastic.
答案: 【 both supply and demand are inelastic.

第四讲 消费者行为

4.1 随堂测验

1、多选题:
关于序数效用理论,如下哪些说法是正确的?‏
选项:
A: 如果(X,Y)的效用是(4,1),那么我们也可以说其效用是(40,-1);
B: 如果(X,Y)的效用是(4,1),这意味着X比Y会给消费者多带来3个效用;
C: 如果(X,Y)的效用是(4,1),这就是说消费者对X的偏好大于对Y的偏好;
D: 如果只是说看电影的效用为15,这没有意义,因为效用只能在比较中确定。
答案: 【 如果(X,Y)的效用是(4,1),那么我们也可以说其效用是(40,-1);;
如果(X,Y)的效用是(4,1),这就是说消费者对X的偏好大于对Y的偏好;;
如果只是说看电影的效用为15,这没有意义,因为效用只能在比较中确定。

2、多选题:
关于效用的理论,如下哪些说法是正确的?‍
选项:
A: 效用与偏好都是描述消费者从商品消费中获得的满足的;
B: 效用与使用价值都是描述商品的客观属性的;
C: 同样的商品对不同人的效用可能是不同的;
D: ‍虽然有些消费者饮酒后非常难受效用极低,非常希望饮水,但其此时对酒的偏好仍有可能强过矿泉水。
答案: 【 效用与偏好都是描述消费者从商品消费中获得的满足的;;
同样的商品对不同人的效用可能是不同的;

3、判断题:
根据消费者的偏好或效用理论,我们是否偏好哪种商品,与该商品的价格有关:价格越低,我们越偏好。‎
选项:
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误

4、判断题:
‍如果比起看烟花,你更愿意去看电影,根据序数效用论,我们可以说你看电影的效用为-5,看烟花的效用为-6。‌
选项:
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确

4.2随堂测验

1、单选题:
​‏​下面哪一条不是无差异曲线的特点?‏​‏
选项:
A: 无差异曲线斜率为负;
B: 同一条无差异曲线上的所有点带给消费者的满足是相同的;
C: 无差异曲线有可能是直线;
D: 无差异曲线的形状与边际效用递减规律无关。
答案: 【 无差异曲线的形状与边际效用递减规律无关。

2、单选题:
‍边际替代率如果用MRS表示的话,我们有两个公式成立:公式1:MRS=MUX/MUY,公式2:MRS=∆Y/∆X。于是我们有如下结论:‍
选项:
A: 公式1和公式2都是边际替代率的定义;
B: 公式1是根据无差异曲线的性质而来的,公式2是边际替代率的定义;
C: 公式2是根据无差异曲线的性质而来的,公式1是边际替代率的定义;
D: 公式1和公式2没有任何关系。
答案: 【 公式1是根据无差异曲线的性质而来的,公式2是边际替代率的定义;

3、多选题:
‌在无差异曲线上,随着一个商品(X)消费量的增加,其替代Y商品的边际替代率(绝对值)是递减的,这表明:‏
选项:
A: 边际效用递减规律在Y商品那里不成立;
B: 无差异曲线是凸向原点的;
C: 存在着边际效用递减规律;
D: 随着Y商品的减少,其边际效用在增加,而这正是边际效用递减规律起作用的一种形式。
答案: 【 无差异曲线是凸向原点的;;
存在着边际效用递减规律;;
随着Y商品的减少,其边际效用在增加,而这正是边际效用递减规律起作用的一种形式。

4.3 随堂测验

1、单选题:
‍如果收入增加,预算将发生如下变化:‌
选项:
A: 向原点平行移动;
B: 向外平行移动;
C: 保持原来位置不变;
D: 旋转移动。
答案: 【 向外平行移动;

2、单选题:
‍如果两个商品的价格与收入都发生了同方向同比例的增加,那么预算线将:​
选项:
A: 向外移动; 
B: 向内移动;
C: 保持在原来位置不变;
D: 旋转移动。
答案: 【 保持在原来位置不变;

3、单选题:
‏ 预算线的斜率大小,取决于‏
选项:
A: 两个商品是互补品还是替代品;
B: 两个商品是正常商品还是低劣商品;
C: 两个商品的价格高低;
D: 以上都对。
答案: 【 两个商品的价格高低;

4.4随堂测验

1、单选题:
​商品的边际效用与价格之比,如下哪种说法是正确的:‍
选项:
A: 获得最大效用,两个商品的这个比值未必相等;
B: 这个比值没有我们可以理解的经济含义;
C: 这个比值也是“边际效用”,带来效用增量的是新增商品的价值量;
D: 它和我们以前定义的边际效用在概念上完全相同。
答案: 【 这个比值也是“边际效用”,带来效用增量的是新增商品的价值量;

2、单选题:
​如果消费者面临的效用函数用U=XY表示(这表明X的边际效用等于Y,而Y的边际效用等于X),X和Y的价格分别为10和20,收入为100。则消费者最优选择为:‌
选项:
A: X=5,Y=5;
B: X=2.5,Y=2.5;
C:  X=2.5,Y=5;
D:  X=5,Y=2.5。
答案: 【  X=5,Y=2.5。

3、单选题:
‏在什么情形下,消费者会全部选择购买X商品?‏
选项:
A: 根据视频提到所有情形,这不可能发生;
B: 如果两个商品是完全替代的,且X的价格足够低;
C: 如果X的价格极其低;
D: 如果两个商品是完全互补的。
答案: 【 如果两个商品是完全替代的,且X的价格足够低;

4、多选题:
‎关于消费者选择理论,下面哪种说法是正确的?‎
选项:
A: 只是经济学家的理论,与我们无关;
B: 也是我们的决策方式,经济学家将其提炼出来;
C: 我们在大部分情形下是按照这个理论的思路来决策的,但是不一定会准确地计算;
D: 也有一些消费行为是这个理论解释不了的。
答案: 【 也是我们的决策方式,经济学家将其提炼出来;;
我们在大部分情形下是按照这个理论的思路来决策的,但是不一定会准确地计算;;
也有一些消费行为是这个理论解释不了的。

4.5随堂测验

1、单选题:
‎关于不同阶层的生育率不同,可以解释如下:‏
选项:
A: 仅仅因为农村地区更喜欢孩子,因此生育率高;
B: 仅仅因为发达地区居民养育孩子成本高,因此生育率低;
C: 富人养育孩子的时间机会成本高,因此一定生育率小;
D: 尽管富人养育孩子的机会成本高,但是其收入高,买得起“孩子的养育”,因此生育率可能还是很高。
答案: 【 尽管富人养育孩子的机会成本高,但是其收入高,买得起“孩子的养育”,因此生育率可能还是很高。

2、单选题:
‎为什么城市白领的生育率低于农村地区?‏
选项:
A: 因为对养育孩子(X)相对于日常消费(Y)的偏好不同,我们可以建立无差异曲线分析;
B: 因为养育孩子的成本不同,尤其是时间机会成本不同,我们可以用预算线分析;
C: 将A和B结合起来可以分析生育率的差别;
D: 只根据A或B中的一个方面就可以解释现实中生育率的差别。
答案: 【 将A和B结合起来可以分析生育率的差别;

3、多选题:
‏关于商品的分类,如下哪些说法是正确的?​
选项:
A: 根据收入的影响将商品分为正常商品和低劣商品;
B: 根据收入效应与替代效应的不同区分普通的低劣商品和吉芬商品;
C: 吉芬商品是一种低劣商品,非吉芬商品是另外一种低劣商品;
D: 价格变化通过收入效应与替代效应影响到商品需求。
答案: 【 根据收入的影响将商品分为正常商品和低劣商品;;
根据收入效应与替代效应的不同区分普通的低劣商品和吉芬商品;;
价格变化通过收入效应与替代效应影响到商品需求。

Ch 21 Multiple Choice Questions

1、单选题:
‎1. Consider two goods, pizza and Pepsi. The slope of the consumer's budget constraint is measured by the‏
选项:
A: consumer's income divided by the price of Pepsi.
B: relative price of pizza and Pepsi.
C: consumer's income divided by the price of pizza.
D: spending on pizza divided by the consumer's income.
答案: 【 relative price of pizza and Pepsi.

2、单选题:
​2. If a consumer's income decreases, the budget constraint for Pepsi and pizza will‎
选项:
A: shift outward, parallel to the old budget constraint.
B: shift inward, parallel to the old budget constraint.
C: rotate outward towards pizza because we can afford more pizza.
D: rotate outward towards Pepsi because we can afford more Pepsi.
答案: 【 shift inward, parallel to the old budget constraint.

3、单选题:
‏3. A budget constraint‎
选项:
A: shows the prices that a consumer chooses to pay for products he consumes.
B: shows the purchases made by consumers.
C: shows the consumption bundles that a consumer can afford.
D: represents the bundles of consumption that makes a consumer equally happy.
答案: 【 shows the consumption bundles that a consumer can afford.

4、单选题:
​4. Assume that a college student spends her income on Coke and Snickers. The price of a Snickers candy bar is $0.50, and a can of Coke is $0.75. If she has $20 of income, she could choose to consume‌
选项:
A: 10 Snickers bars and 20 cans of Coke.
B: 15 Snickers bars and 18 cans of Coke.
C: 22 Snickers bars and 14 cans of Coke.
D: 24 Snickers bars and 12 cans of Coke.
答案: 【 10 Snickers bars and 20 cans of Coke.

5、单选题:
‌5. All of the following are properties of indifference curves EXCEPT‎
选项:
A: higher indifference curves are preferred to lower ones.
B: indifference curves are downward sloping.
C: indifference curves do not cross.
D: indifference curves are bowed outward.
答案: 【 indifference curves are bowed outward.

6、单选题:
‎6. Right shoes and left shoes can be represented by indifference curves that are‎
选项:
A: bowed out
B: bowed in
C: straight lines
D: right angles
答案: 【 right angles

7、单选题:
​7. Nickels and dimes can be represented by indifference curves that are‎
选项:
A: bowed out
B: bowed in
C: straight lines
D: right angles
答案: 【 straight lines

8、单选题:
‏8. The slope of an indifference curve is‎
选项:
A: the rate of change of consumer's preferences.
B: the marginal rate of preference.
C: the marginal rate of substitution.
D: always equal to the slope of the budget constraint.
答案: 【 the marginal rate of substitution.

9、单选题:
‍9. When considering her budget, the highest indifference curve that a consumer can reach is the‎
选项:
A: one that is tangent to the budget constraint.
B: indifference curve farthest from the origin
C: indifference curve that intersects the budget constraint in at least two places.
D: None of the above are correct; consumer preferences are bounded.
答案: 【 one that is tangent to the budget constraint.

10、单选题:
‌10.  When economists describe preferences, they often use the concept of‍
选项:
A: markets.
B: income.
C: utility.
D: prices.
答案: 【 utility.

11、单选题:
‍11. Utility measures‎
选项:
A: the income a consumer receives from consuming a bundle of goods.
B: the satisfaction a consumer receives from consuming a bundle of goods.
C: the satisfaction a consumer places on their budget constraint.
D: All of the above are correct.
答案: 【 the satisfaction a consumer receives from consuming a bundle of goods.

12、单选题:
​12. A rational consumer is likely to have maximized her​
选项:
A: preferences.
B: marginal rate of substitution.
C: utility.
D: budget constraint.
答案: 【 utility.

13、单选题:
‎13. When the price of pizza falls, the income effect, for normal goods Pepsi and pizza, causes‍
选项:
A: the consumer to feel richer, so the consumer buys more Pepsi.
B: the consumer to feel richer, so the consumer buys less Pepsi.
C: Pepsi to be relatively more expensive, so the consumer buys more Pepsi.
D: Pepsi to be relatively less expensive, so the consumer buys less Pepsi.
答案: 【 the consumer to feel richer, so the consumer buys more Pepsi.

14、单选题:
‍14. When the price of pizza falls, the substitution effect, for normal goods Pepsi and pizza, causes‌
选项:
A: the consumer to feel richer, so the consumer buys more Pepsi.
B: the consumer to feel richer, so the consumer buys less Pepsi.
C: Pepsi to be relatively more expensive, so the consumer buys less Pepsi.
D: Pepsi to be relatively less expensive, so the consumer buys less Pepsi.
答案: 【 Pepsi to be relatively more expensive, so the consumer buys less Pepsi.

15、单选题:
‌15. The combination of two goods a consumer chooses depends on the consumer's‌‌‌
选项:
A: budget constraint and the consumer's income.
B: budget constraint and the consumer's preferences.
C: demand and the consumer's supply.
D: preferences and the consumer's income.
答案: 【 budget constraint and the consumer's preferences.

16、单选题:
‌16. An optimizing consumer will select the consumption bundle in which the‍
选项:
A: ratio of total utilities is equal to the relative price.
B: ratio of income to price equals the marginal rate of substitution.
C: marginal rate of substitution is equal to the relative price.
D: marginal rate of substitution is equal to income.
答案: 【 marginal rate of substitution is equal to the relative price.

17、单选题:

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