Unit1TheHistoryofChemistry

ex1

1、填空题:
‌前缀含义:di-, tri-, hydro-, iso-, kilo-, mili-, poly-, trans-, centi-, anti-, ‌‌‌
答案: 【 二,三,水,异,千,千分之一,聚,反式,百分之一,反抗

2、填空题:
词语含义:Tetracycline , all-weather  antiaging    , gravimeter , XRD  , SEM  , chemoceptor , biodegradable‎
答案: 【 四环素, 适应各种气候的, 全天候,防衰老的, 比重计, X射线衍射, 扫描电子显微镜, 化学感应器, 能生物降解的

3、填空题:
‌词语含义:crystal, solubility, melting point, malleability, ductility, sodium chloride,cubic:  rectangular,square, diameter,radius,right angle‎
答案: 【 晶体,溶解度,熔点,展性,延性,氯化钠,熔点; 立方(体)的,矩形的,正方形 (的),直径,半径,right angle.

4、填空题:
‏句子意思:The shrinkage of the sun to this state would transform our oceans into ice and our atmosphere into liquid air. ‌
答案: 【 如果太阳收缩到这种状态,就会把海洋变成冰,把大气变为液化气。

5、填空题:
‎句子意思:The testing of machines by this method entails some loss of power. ‎
答案: 【 用这种方法试验机器,会浪费一些能量。

6、填空题:
句子意思:The principles of both absorption and desorption are basically the same,and we may study both operations at the same time.‍‎‍
答案: 【 吸收和解吸这两个过程的原理基本相同,因此可以同时研究这种操作。

ex2

1、填空题:
‏词汇含义:Alchemist, acceptor, neutralize, aggregate, donor, dissociate, electrolytic,dissociation, equilibrium, protolysis, protonic, hydrolysis, ammonia, amide, steric, chelate,‍
答案: 【 炼金术士,接受体,使中和,聚集,供体,使分解,电解,分裂,平衡,质子迁移,质子的,水解,氨水,酰胺,空间排列的,螯合的

2、填空题:
‏词汇含义:nitrate,silver nitrate,Lactic  acid ,oxide,Iron oxide,dioxide, carbon oxide‏‏‏
答案: 【 硝酸盐, 硝酸银,乳酸,氧化物,氧化铁;三氧化二铁, 二氧化物 , 二氧化碳

3、填空题:
‌含义:An acid–base (酸-碱) reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base. Several theoretical frameworks provide alternative conceptions of the reaction mechanisms and their application in solving related problems. Their importance becomes apparent in analyzing acid–base reactions for gaseous or liquid species, or when acid or base character may be somewhat less apparent. The first of these concepts was provided by the French chemist Lavoisier.‎‌ ‎‌‎
答案: 【 酸碱反应是发生酸和碱之间化学反应。在解决相关问题上,几个理论体系提供了关于反应机理和其应用的不同概念。在分析酸碱反应为气态或液态的物种,或者在酸或碱的特性可能不太明显时,它们的重要性变得明显。第一个概念是由法国化学家拉瓦锡提出。

ex3

1、填空题:
英文表达:1 氢     2 氦   3 锂   4 铍 5 硼    6 碳 7 氮    8 氧 ‍9 氟  10 氖 11 钠  12 镁 13 铝      14 硅  ‍15 磷 16 硫  17 氯      18 氩 19 钾       20 钙 ‍‏‍
答案: 【 1. 1 氢 H Hydrogen 2 氦 He Helium
3 锂 Li Lithium 4 铍 Be Berillium
5 硼 B Boron 6 碳 C Carbon
7 氮 N Nitrogen 8 氧 O Oxygen
9 氟 F Fluorine 10 氖 Ne Neon
11 钠 Na Sodium 12 镁 Mg Magnesium
13 铝 Al Aluminum 14 硅 Si Silicon
15 磷 P Phosphorus 16 硫 S Sulfur
17 氯 Cl Chlorine 18 氩 Ar Argon
19 钾 K Potassium 20 钙 Ca Calcium

2、填空题:
​翻译词汇:化学反应,化学性质, 硝酸银, 氧化铁 , 乳酸 ‍​‍
答案: 【 化学反应 chemical reaction, 化学性质chemical property, 硝酸银 silver nitrate, 氧化铁 iron oxide, 乳酸 lactic acid

3、填空题:
‎翻译; The two pairs of electrons of oxygen may be shared with one carbon alone forming a double bond (>C=O), or with two separate carbons(-C-O-C-), or with one carbon and one hydrogen forming only single bonds(-C-O-H).‏
答案: 【 氧可以和一个碳原子共用两对电子形成碳氧双键,也可以分别和两个碳原子或者一个碳原子一个氢原子形成两个单键。

Unit2BranchesofChemistry

填空

1、填空题:
‏Study of structure includes many physical and      chemical methods to determine the chemical__1__ and the chemical___2__ of  

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