大学MOOC Microbiology(Northwest A&F University)1458216168 最新慕课完整章节测试答案

Microbial ecology quize

1、单选题：
‏The relationship between normal human flora and humans belongs to (  ).‎
选项：
A: Mutualism
B: Antagonism
C: Symbiosis
D: Parasitism
答案: 【 Mutualism】

2、单选题：
‏Generally, the largest number of microorganisms per gram of arable soil is (  ).​
选项：
A: Bacteria
B: Fungus
C: Actinomycetes
D: Algae
答案: 【 Bacteria】

3、单选题：
‎The ecological relationship between ruminants and rumen microorganisms belongs to (  ).‎
选项：
A: Mutualism
B: Symbiosis
C: Parasitism
D: Predation
答案: 【 Symbiosis】

4、单选题：
‏On a solid plate, Staphylococcus aureus can not grow around the colony of penicillium, this relationship is (  ).‍
选项：
A: Antagonistic relationship
B: Parasitic relationship
C: Predation relationship
D: Competitive relationship
答案: 【 Antagonistic relationship】

5、单选题：
‎The microorganism with the highest biomass in the soil is (  ).​
选项：
A: Virus
B: Bacteria
C: Actinomycetes
D: Fungi
答案: 【 Fungi】

6、单选题：
‏When making kimchi, lactic acid bacteria produce a lot of acid, which inhibits the growth of other miscellaneous bacteria. This is a (  ) phenomenon.‎
选项：
A: Specific antagonism
B: Competition
C: Commensalism
D: Non-specific antagonism
答案: 【 Non-specific antagonism】

7、单选题：
‌Most pathogenic microorganisms parasitic on plants belong to (  ).‌
选项：
A: Actinomycetes
B: Bacteria
C: Fungi
D: Virus
答案: 【 Fungi】

8、单选题：
‎Frankia is (  ).‍
选项：
A: Autogenous nitrogen-fixing bacteria
B: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria symbiotic with legumes
C: Combined nitrogen-fixing bacteria
D: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria symbiotic with non-legumes
答案: 【 Nitrogen-fixing bacteria symbiotic with non-legumes】

9、单选题：
‍The optimal growth temperature for obligate thermophilic bacteria is between (  ).‏
选项：
A: 50-60℃   
B: 70-75℃
C: 40-50℃
D: 65-70℃
答案: 【 65-70℃】

10、单选题：
‎The ectomycorrhizal is formed by dense hyphae on the surface of the host root called (  ).​
选项：
A: Hartignet
B: Ring traps
C: Hyphal network
D: Sheath
答案: 【 Ring traps】

11、单选题：
‍The characteristic of forming a symbiotic relationship between two microorganisms is (  ).‎
选项：
A: Other microorganisms can arbitrarily replace one of them
B: Form a special symbiosis
C: Irrelevant in physiological metabolism
D: One kind of microorganism can gradually kill another kind of microorganism
答案: 【 Form a special symbiosis】

12、单选题：
​Rhizobium can symbiotic nitrogen fixation with which plant?(  )‌
选项：
A: Rice
B: Corn
C: Wheat
D: Soy
答案: 【 Soy】

13、单选题：
‌(  ) is the home base of microbiological life.‏
选项：
A: Air
B: Water
C: Soil
D: Around the hospital
答案: 【 Soil】

14、单选题：
‎The ecological relationship between ruminants and rumen microorganisms belongs to ( ).‌
选项：
A: Predator
B: Parasitism
C: Mutual
D: Symbiosis
答案: 【 Symbiosis】

15、单选题：
‌In bacterial leaching, the microorganism that plays the role of producing and regenerating the mineral leaching agent is (  ).‏
选项：
A: Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
B: Digestive bacilli
C: Thiobacillus thiooxidans
D: Beggiatoa
答案: 【 Thiobacillus ferrooxidans】

16、单选题：
‍In the soil environment, most bacteria are found in (  ).‎
选项：
A: 25 cm above
B: A few millimeters on the outermost surface
C: about 50 cm from the surface of the soil
D: The deepest part of the soil
答案: 【 25 cm above】

17、多选题：
​The soil provides a good living microenvironment for microorganisms, the reason is (  ).‍
选项：
A: Provide nutrients and water
B: Provide oxygen
C: Protect bacteria
D: Provide appropriate temperature and pH
答案: 【 Provide nutrients and water;
Provide oxygen;
Protect bacteria;
Provide appropriate temperature and pH】

18、多选题：
‍The following (  ) process is beneficial to agricultural production. ‍
选项：
A: Nitrogen fixation
B: Denitrification
C: Ammonification
D: Methanogenesis
答案: 【 Nitrogen fixation;
Ammonification;
Methanogenesis】

19、多选题：
‌Which of the following is a symbiotic relationship. (  )‌
选项：
A: Rumen microorganisms and ruminants
B: Plant pathogens and plants
C: Frankia and non-legumes
D: Mycorrhizal fungi and plants
答案: 【 Rumen microorganisms and ruminants;
Frankia and non-legumes;
Mycorrhizal fungi and plants】

20、判断题：
‍There is a competitive relationship between microorganisms. For example, penicillin produced by Penicillium can inhibit Gram-positive bacteria.‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

21、判断题：
‎The essence of combined nitrogen fixation is symbiotic nitrogen fixation.‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

22、判断题：
​Frankia in actinomycetes can symbiosis with non-legume plants.​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

23、判断题：
‏The hyphae of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi can form clumps in cortical cells.‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

24、判断题：
​The relationship between the normal flora of the human intestinal tract and the host is mainly a parasitic relationship.​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

25、判断题：
‏Salt-tolerant microorganisms require high salt conditions to survive. ‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

26、判断题：
‌Soil is a good environment for microbes to live, but most of them are uncultivable.‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

27、判断题：
‌For all acidophilic microorganisms, the pH of the intracellular environment and the optimal pH of various enzymes are all around the neutral pH.‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

28、判断题：
‍Some halobacterium in halophilic bacteria can live normally in a saturated NaCl solution with salt content more than 10 times higher than seawater.‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

29、判断题：
‌The mineralization of more than 90% of the organic matter on earth is done by "decomposers"-bacteria and fungi.‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

Microbial metabolism quize

1、单选题：
‌The reducing power of iron bacteria, sulfur bacteria and nitrifying bacteria assimilating carbon dioxide comes from ( ). ‎
选项：
A: Reverse electron transfer occurs when ATP is consumed
B: NAD (P) H provides an electron transfer chain for its high-energy electrons
C: Oxidative decomposition of organic matter
D: Water photolysis
答案: 【 Reverse electron transfer occurs when ATP is consumed】

2、单选题：
‏When yeast uses glucose for typeⅠfermentation (ethanol fermentation), ( )acts as a hydrogen acceptor for NADH2.‏
选项：
A: pyruvate
B: acetaldehyde
C: dihydroxyacetone phosphate
D: Phosphoenolpyruvate
答案: 【 acetaldehyde】

3、单选题：
​Most bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus and Streptococcus can use 1 molecule of glucose for homolactic fermentation through the EMP pathway, and the product is ( ).‌
选项：
A: 2 molecules of lactic acid and 2 molecules of ATP
B: 1 molecule of lactic acid and 2 molecules of ATP
C: lactic acid, ethanol, CO2
D: lactic acid, acetic acid, CO2
答案: 【 2 molecules of lactic acid and 2 molecules of ATP】

4、单选题：
‎For microbial autotrophic microorganisms, how the energy and reducing power used to synthesize complex organic matter are generated ( ).‌
选项：
A: Energy and reducing power are produced by oxidative phosphorylatio
B: Energy is generated by substrate phosphorylation, and the reducing power is provided by H2
C: Energy is generated by oxidation of inorganic substances, and reducing power is generated by consuming ATP to reverse the respiratory chain
D: Energy is generated by oxidation of organic matter, and reducing power is provided by H2
答案: 【 Energy is generated by oxidation of inorganic substances, and reducing power is generated by consuming ATP to reverse the respiratory chain】

5、单选题：
‏When yeast uses glucose for type II fermentation (glycerol fermentation), ( ) acts as a hydrogen acceptor for NADH2.​
选项：
A: pyruvate
B: acetaldehyde
C: dihydroxyacetone phosphate
D: Phosphoenolpyruvate
答案: 【 dihydroxyacetone phosphate】

6、单选题：
‍What are the ways in which acetic acid bacteria, sulfate reducing bacteria and methanogens can fix CO2 by autotrophic bacteria? ( )‎
选项：
A: Calvin cycle
B: Anaerobic acetyl-CoA pathway
C: Reverse TCA approach
D: hydroxypropionic acid pathway
答案: 【 Anaerobic acetyl-CoA pathway】

7、单选题：
‏What are the ways for cyanobacteria and most photosynthetic bacteria to fix CO2 ( ) .‎
选项：
A: Calvin cycle
B: anaerobic acetyl-CoA pathway
C: reverse TCA approach
D: hydroxypropionic acid pathway
答案: 【 Calvin cycle】

8、单选题：
‎What substance is produced by the HMP pathway is the intermediary of light energy and chemical energy autotrophic microorganisms to fix CO2?‍
选项：
A: ribulose-5-phosphate
B: xylulose-5-phosphate
C: erythrose-4-phosphate
D: ribose-5-phosphate
答案: 【 ribulose-5-phosphate】

9、单选题：
‍Which of the following types of fermentation is carried out through the HMP route ( ).‍
选项：
A: heterogeneous ethanol fermentation by bacteria
B: homolactic acid fermentation
C: mixed acid fermentation
D: ethanol fermentation by yeast
答案: 【 heterogeneous ethanol fermentation by bacteria】

10、单选题：
​Due to the nitrogenase in nitrogen-fixing bacteria is extremely sensitive to oxygen, what type of bacteria does the nitrogen-fixing bacteria belong to ( ).‌
选项：
A: obligate anaerobes
B: facultative anaerobes
C: oxygen-resistant anaerobic bacteria
D: all three of the above are wrong
答案: 【 all three of the above are wrong】

11、单选题：
​When the reducing tricarboxylic acid pathway fixes CO2, what substance is different from the positive tricarboxylic acid circulation pathway ( ).​
选项：
A: citrate synthase
B: citric acid lyase
C: succinyl-CoA synthetase
D: succinate dehydrogenase
答案: 【 citric acid lyase】

12、单选题：
‌What type of bacteria is nitrosating bacteria and how to obtain energy ( ).‏
选项：
A: chemolithoautotroph, get energy by oxidizing ammonia
B: chemolithoautotroph, obtain energy by oxidizing nitrous acid
C: chemoorganoheterotroph, using nitrate as electron acceptor
D: Chemoorganoheterotroph, using nitrite as electron acceptor
答案: 【 chemolithoautotroph, get energy by oxidizing ammonia】

13、单选题：
‎How do most microorganisms in nature producing energy ( ).​
选项：
A: fermentation
B: breathing
C: photosynthetic phosphorylation
D: substrate level phosphorylation
答案: 【 breathing】

14、单选题：
‍Which of the following microorganisms can produce photosynthesis of oxygen ( ).‌
选项：
A: Streptomyces
B: Cyanobacteria
C: Purple sulfur Bacteria
D: Photosynthetic Bacteria
答案: 【 Cyanobacteria】

15、单选题：
‌What are the common initial intermediate metabolites of the six fermentation routes starting from EMP ( ).‎
选项：
A: glucose
B: glycerol-3-phosphate
C: Phosphoenolpyruvate
D: pyruvate
答案: 【 pyruvate】

16、单选题：
​What is the final electron acceptor when denitrifying bacteria produce anaerobic respiration ( ).‍
选项：
A: nitrate, nitrous acid, NO, N2O
B: O2
C: intermediate products
D: H2
答案: 【 nitrate, nitrous acid, NO, N2O】

17、单选题：
​In the process of synthesizing peptidoglycan, in order to allow its precursor molecules to smoothly pass through the hydrophobic cell membrane and transfer to the outside of the membrane for further synthesis, we must resort to ( ).‍
选项：
A: UDP nucleotide
B: bactoprenol
C: "Park" nucleotide
D: steroids
答案: 【 bactoprenol】

18、多选题：
​Which of the following types of fermentation is carried out through the EMP route ( ).‏
选项：
A: homolactic acid fermentation
B: same type ethanol fermentation
C: butyric acid type fermentation
D: ethanol fermentation of bacteria
答案: 【 homolactic acid fermentation;
same type ethanol fermentation;
butyric acid type fermentation】

19、多选题：
‎Which of the following is the product of the ED pathway ( ).‌
选项：
A: 1 molecule of ATP
B: 1 molecule of NADPH + H
C: 1 molecule of NADH + H
D: 2 molecules of ethanol
答案: 【 1 molecule of ATP;
1 molecule of NADPH + H;
1 molecule of NADH + H】

20、判断题：
‍The high-energy phosphate compound involved in biological nitrogen fixation is ATP.‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

21、判断题：
‎Photosynthetic pigments are contained in all microorganisms that can perform photosynthesis.‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

22、判断题：
‏The mechanism of antioxidant protection of rhizobia nitrogenase is due to the protection of leghemoglobin.‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

23、判断题：
‍Peptidoglycan synthesis in the cytoplasm is limited to processes involving "Park" nucleotides.‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

24、判断题：
‏The mechanism of antibacterial action of penicillin on Gram-positive bacteria is to destroy the cross-linking effect of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid.‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

25、判断题：
‌There are many ways to regulate microbial metabolism, the most important of which is to regulate metabolic flow.‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

26、判断题：
​The energy of autotrophic microorganisms comes from oxidized inorganic compounds.​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

27、判断题：
​The ED pathway exists in some microorganisms that lack a complete EMP pathway, and is a unique pathway for microorganisms,characterized by low productivity.​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

28、判断题：
‏Microorganisms capable of TCA cycle cannot fix CO2 through the reducing tricarboxylic acid cycle.‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

29、判断题：
‌Nitrification is a key step in the global nitrogen cycle and must be completed in two steps by two different groups of microorganisms, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria.‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

Microbial growth quize

1、单选题：
The principle of ultraviolet sterilization is ( ).​​
选项：
A: Destruction of bacterial cell wall
B: Affect the stability of bacterial lysosomal membrane
C: Damage DNA configuration, Interfere with the replication and transcription of bacterial DNA
D: To destroy enzyme system
答案: 【 Damage DNA configuration, Interfere with the replication and transcription of bacterial DNA】

2、单选题：
‍Under the steam pressure of 1.05 ㎏ / cm2, how long is the standard time for sterilization ( ).‏
选项：
A: 1-5 minutes
B: 6-10 minutes
C: 11-14 minutes
D: 15-20 minutes
答案: 【 15-20 minutes】

3、单选题：
‎What is the most commonly used disinfection and sterilization method for air disinfection in burn wards ( ).‎
选项：
A: Boiling method
B: Pasteurization method
C: Pressurized steam sterilization method
D: Ultraviolet irradiation sterilization method
答案: 【 Ultraviolet irradiation sterilization method】

4、单选题：
‏Which type of medium should be used when cultivating anaerobic bacteria of Clostridium tetani.（）‏
选项：
A: Synthetic medium
B: Nutrition medium
C: Differential medium
D: Cooked meat medium
答案: 【 Cooked meat medium】

5、单选题：
‌In order to obtain accurate results, which bacteria in the growth period is most suitable for bacterial susceptibility testing（）.‎
选项：
A: quiescent phase
B: lag phase
C: logarithmic phase
D: stable phase
答案: 【 logarithmic phase】

6、单选题：
​In order to obtain the highest amount of exotoxin or genetically engineered protein expression product, which growth period of bacteria is most suitable .（）‏
选项：
A: quiescent phase
B: lag phase
C: logarithmic phase
D: stable phase
答案: 【 stable phase】

7、单选题：
​Which of the following anabolic products of bacteria can be used for the typing of certain bacteria in epidemiological investigations ( ).‍
选项：
A: Pyrogen
B: Invasive enzymes
C: Toxin
D: Bacteriocin
答案: 【