大学MOOC Green Chemistry(Sichuan University)1458019172 最新慕课完整章节测试答案
10 th Week. Chapter 3 Designing Safer Chemicals
文章目录
- 10 th Week. Chapter 3 Designing Safer Chemicals
- 11th Week. Chapter 4 Application of Designing Safer Chemicals
- 12th Week Chapter 4 Application of Designing Safer Chemicals
- 13th Week. Chapter 4 Application of Designing Safer Chemicals
- 16th Week Chapter 5 Techniques in Green Chemistry
- 1st Week. Chapter 1 Introduction
- 6th Week. Chapter 2 Green Chemistry
10th Week. Chapter 3- Unit Test
1、多选题：
Internal considerations for designing safer chemicals mean the prevention of toxic effect. They generally include approaches using molecular manipulations to reach the following purposes.
选项：
A: To avoid indirect bio-toxicity or bio-activation;
B: To avoid direct toxicity;
C: To facilitate the uptake of chemicals by organisms;
D: To facilitate bio-detoxication.
答案: 【 To avoid indirect bio-toxicity or bio-activation;;
To avoid direct toxicity;;
To facilitate bio-detoxication.】
2、多选题：
Properties of chemicals related to their environmental distribution or dispersion include:
选项：
A: Volatility or melting point;
B: Persistence or biodegradability;
C: Water solubility;
D: Conversion to biologically inactive substances.
答案: 【 Volatility or melting point; ;
Persistence or biodegradability;;
Water solubility; ;
Conversion to biologically inactive substances.】
3、多选题：
The three fundamental requirements for chemical toxicity are:
选项：
A: Exposure;
B: Bio-accumulation;
C: Bio-availability;
D: Intrinsic toxicity.
答案: 【 Exposure; ;
Bio-availability; ;
Intrinsic toxicity.】
4、多选题：
We could use QSAR equations to predict the aquatic toxicity of chemicals by transforming some important physicochemical properties of the chemicals into descriptors. These related physicochemical properties include:
选项：
A: Octanol-water partition
coefficient (log P);
B: Water solubility;
C: Dissolution constant;
D: Relative molecular weight.
答案: 【 Octanol-water partition
coefficient (log P);;
Water solubility;;
Dissolution constant; ;
Relative molecular weight.】
5、多选题：
Toxicokinetics refer to the interrelationship of the following processes:
选项：
A: Absorption
B: Distribution
C: Mineralization
D: Catalysis
答案: 【 Absorption;
Distribution】
6、多选题：
How to change the property of a chemical in order to avoid its toxicity to human beings and environment?
选项：
A: To make it not to possible to enter the body;
B: To make it easily absorbed;
C: To make it not possible to affect the biochemical and physiological processes hazardously;
D: To make it possible to affect the biochemical and physiological processes.
答案: 【 To make it not to possible to enter the body; ;
To make it not possible to affect the biochemical and physiological processes hazardously; 】
7、多选题：
What are wrong in the following descriptions?
选项：
A: Pharmacophore is a structural feature that the biological response is desired in the case of drugs;
B: Pharmacophore is a structural feature that the biological response is undesired in the case of drugs;
C: Toxicophore is a structural feature that the biological effect is undesired in the case of commercial chemicals;
D: Toxicophore is a structural feature that the biological effect is desired in the case of commercial chemical substances.
答案: 【 Pharmacophore is a structural feature that the biological response is undesired in the case of drugs;;
Toxicophore is a structural feature that the biological effect is desired in the case of commercial chemical substances.】
8、判断题：
The concentration of a particular substance in its target organs is not necessarily the highest.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
9、判断题：
If we want to reduce the absorption of a chemical substance from the gastrointestinal tract, the lipid solubility should be designed at LogP < 5.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
10、判断题：
Electrophilic substances/metabolites react covalently with nucleophilic substituents of cellular macromolecules. The reversible covalent interaction results in a variety of toxic effects.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
11、判断题：
Chemicals with log P≤2 exhibit low toxicity, because no sufficiently water solubility to enter the cellular membranes of aquatic organisms, then they are not bioavailable.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
12、判断题：
Internal considerations for designing safer chemicals mean to prevent the toxic effect of chemicals.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
13、判断题：
The purpose of metabolism is detoxication.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
14、判断题：
Non-polar, lipid-soluble chemicals can penetrate the cellular membranes more readily, because cellular membranes have a higher lipid content.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
15、判断题：
External considerations mean the increment of exposure or accessibility of chemicals.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
11th Week. Chapter 4 Application of Designing Safer Chemicals
Review Question
1、多选题：
Which of the molecular features can generally increase resistance to aerobic biodegradation?
选项：
A: Halogens, especially chlorine and fluorine
B: Chain branching and high-substituted compounds
C: Nitro, nitroso, azo, arylamino groups and aliphatic ether (C-O-C) bonds
D: Polycyclic residues and heterocyclic residues
答案: 【 Halogens, especially chlorine and