大学MOOC Cell Biology for Medical or Life Sciences(Shandong University)1457887189 最新慕课完整章节测试答案

Chapter 1 introduction of cell biology

1、单选题：
‏As for the history of cell biology, which of the following sequence is the most accurate?（   ）‍
选项：
A: Discovery of cells and establishment of cell theory; The cell structure was observed by light microscopy; The cell structure was observed by electron microscopy; Experimental cytology stage; Molecular biology stage.
B: Discovery of cells and establishment of cell theory; The cell structure was observed by light microscopy; The cell structure was observed by electron microscopy; Cell physiology stage，Molecular biology stage.
C: Discovery of cells and establishment of cell theory; The cell structure was observed by light microscopy; Experimental cytology stage; The cell structure was observed by electron microscopy; Molecular biology stage.
D: Discovery of cells and establishment of cell theory; The cell structure was observed by light microscopy; The cell structure was observed by electron microscopy; Gene theory stage; Molecular biology stage.
答案: 【 Discovery of cells and establishment of cell theory; The cell structure was observed by light microscopy; Experimental cytology stage; The cell structure was observed by electron microscopy; Molecular biology stage.】

2、单选题：
​There are several differences between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells, but not including which of the following?（    ）‌
选项：
A: Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells do not.
B: Eukaryotic cells have membrane organelles, whereas prokaryotic cells do not.
C: Eukaryotic cells have cytoskeleton, prokaryotic cells do not.
D: The proportion of water in eukaryotic cells is higher than that in prokaryotic cells.
答案: 【 The proportion of water in eukaryotic cells is higher than that in prokaryotic cells.】

3、单选题：
​What does the cell theory include?  (     )​
选项：
A: Cells are the basic unit of an organism.
B: All plants and animals are made up of cells.
C: Cells can only come from existing cells.
D: The above views are all about cell theory.
答案: 【 The above views are all about cell theory.】

4、单选题：
‏What are the basic structures of eukaryotic cells？（   ）‎
选项：
A: Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, organelle
B: Cell membrane, cell wall, flagellum, nucleus
C: Cell membrane, mitochondria, nucleus, cytoskeleton
D:  Cell membrane, nucleus, ribosome, mitochondria
答案: 【 Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, organelle】

5、单选题：
​Which of the following is appropriate to describe the elements in cell? (   )‍
选项：
A: Some elements in the cell are called trace element.
B: C, H, O and N account for 90% of all elements in cell. 
C: The content of S, P, Cl, K, Na, Ca, Mg and Fe in cell is 9.9%
D: All of the above are correct.
答案: 【 All of the above are correct.】

6、单选题：
‏Both the virus and the cell can replicate, the cell is the basic unit of life, and the virus is not, what is the reason? (    )‍
选项：
A: The cell structure is complex and the virus is simple.
B: Cell can replicate independently and viruses have to rely on cells to replicate.
C: Virus has no cell membrane.
D: Viruses have different genetic material than cell.
答案: 【 Cell can replicate independently and viruses have to rely on cells to replicate.】

Chapter 10 Cell Differentiation

1、单选题：
‎Which of the following statements about cell differentiation is wrong?（   ）​
选项：
A: Cell differentiation is closely related to biological development.
B: Cell differentiation is a popular phenomenon of life.
C:  Cell differentiation occurs only in the embryonic period of individual development.
D: Cell differentiation is a process of formation of stable differences in morphology, structure and function
E: The essence of cell differentiation is gene selective expression.
答案: 【  Cell differentiation occurs only in the embryonic period of individual development.】

2、单选题：
‎Which one is incorrect on the differences between cell differentiation and cell division?（ ）‌
选项：
A: Cell division is able to increase the number of cells. 
B: Cell differentiation is able to make different kinds of cells. 
C: During cell division, cell differentiation happens. 
D: With differentiation going on, the cells division ability will decrease. 
E: They both make cells more diverse
答案: 【 They both make cells more diverse】

3、单选题：
‏What are the substances that regulate distant cell differentiation?（   ）‎
选项：
A: Hormone
B: DNA
C: Calcium ion
D: None of the above
E: All of the above
答案: 【 Hormone】

4、单选题：
‎What processes are needed to produce different kinds of cells?‌
选项：
A: Mitosis
B: Meiosis
C: Cell division
D: Cell differentiation
E: Cell proliferation
答案: 【 Cell differentiation】

5、单选题：
‏Cell division is different from cell differentiation. Cell division is the process to increase cell numbers. And what will happen during the process for cell differentiation?‌
选项：
A: The morphology of the cell changes.
B: The physiological functions of cells change.
C: The biochemical characteristics of the cell change. 
D: All of the above.
E: Changes in cellular genetic material.
答案: 【 All of the above.】

6、单选题：
‏Which is wrong about cell differentiation?‌
选项：
A: Highly differentiated plant cells still have totipotency.
B: Somatic differentiation is caused by the loss of genetic material.
C: Highly differentiated animal nuclei still have totipotency.
D: Cell fusion technology can be used to test whether genes that are not expressed in parental cells are still active in the fused cells.
答案: 【 Somatic differentiation is caused by the loss of genetic material.】

7、单选题：
​What is the inner cell mass of a mammalian blastocyst?‎
选项：
A: Pluropotent stem cell 
B: Monopotent cell 
C: Progenitor cell  
D: Differentiated mature cell
答案: 【 Pluropotent stem cell 】

8、单选题：
‎Which of the following is wrong about differentiation regulation?​
选项：
A: Chromatin modification is a way to regulating a specific gene expression  
B:  DNA methylation is a way for modulating a specific gene expression.
C: The molecules in cytoplasm are important to select some specific genes’ expression.
D: DNA fragment loss is common in differentiation. 
E: Nuclear loss is a special way for human red blood cell differentiation
答案: 【 DNA fragment loss is common in differentiation. 】

Chapter 11. Cell Senescence & Chapter 12. Cell Death

1、单选题：
‌Which of the following is not a characteristic of cellular senescence?​
选项：
A: Cytoplasmic density increased and cell shape changed.
B: Cell membrane phospholipids decreased and membrane protein increased
C: The number of mitochondria decreased, the nuclear membrane folds
D: Cell metabolism decreased
答案: 【 Cell membrane phospholipids decreased and membrane protein increased】

2、单选题：
​What is Hayflick's limit ?‏
选项：
A: The division of cultured cells in vitro is limited and cannot divide forever.
B: The division of cells in vivo is limited and cannot divide forever.
C: The division of cells in vivo and in vitro is limited and cannot divide indefinitely.
D: All of the above is true
答案: 【 The division of cultured cells in vitro is limited and cannot divide forever.】

3、单选题：
‏Which of the following does not belong to the cellular aging theory?‏
选项：
A: Theory of genetic determinism
B: Telomere theory
C: Free radical theory
D: Autophagy theory
答案: 【 Autophagy theory】

4、单选题：
‏What is the essential difference between apoptosis and necrosis?​
选项：
A: Pathological processes
B: A partial or complete loss of cellular function
C: Apoptosis is programmed to end life without destroying the integrity of the cell membrane.
D: Extracellular factors cause the two differences.
答案: 【 Apoptosis is programmed to end life without destroying the integrity of the cell membrane.】

5、单选题：
‌In the caspase family, which play the role of apoptosis executor? ‏
选项：
A: Caspase 1，4，11
B: Caspase 2，8，9
C: Caspase 3，6，7
D: Caspase 3，5，10
答案: 【 Caspase 3，6，7】

6、单选题：
‌Which of the following characteristic description about cell autophagy is not correct?​
选项：
A: All proteins and organelles degrade in the cell.
B: An autophagic vesicle that forms a bilayer membrane inside a cell.
C: Lysosome is involved in autophagy of cells. 
D:  Atg8 protein is involved in the formation of autophagosomes.
答案: 【 All proteins and organelles degrade in the cell.】

7、单选题：
‍Mitochondria are associated with apoptosis, which of the following is not true? ​
选项：
A: The opening and closing of mitochondrial permeable transition pore (PT pore) regulates apoptosis.
B: When apoptosis occurs, the cytochrome c leakage into the cytoplasm.
C: The increase of reactive oxygen species can inhibit apoptosis. 
D: The cascade activation of the caspases proteolytic enzyme leads to apoptosis.
答案: 【 The increase of reactive oxygen species can inhibit apoptosis. 】

8、单选题：
‏What kind of change does the frog tail disappear during the metamorphosis?​
选项：
A: Cells fall off naturally
B: Cell necrosis
C: Cell apoptosis
D: Cell autophagy
答案: 【 Cell apoptosis】

9、单选题：
​Which of the following is not the characteristics of apoptosis?‏
选项：
A: The morphology changes in the nuclear.
B: Cell membrane leaks.
C: DNA breaks up between nucleosomes. 
D: The formation of apoptotic bodies
答案: 【 Cell membrane leaks.】

10、单选题：
‌Which of the following techniques cannot be used to identify apoptosis?‏
选项：
A: The staining technique of nuclear and cytoplasm 
B: The detection of ladder DNA or the active forms of Caspase3
C: Flow cytometry technique
D: The cell membrane is observed with electron microscopy
答案: 【 The cell membrane is observed with electron microscopy】