大学MOOC 遗传学（英文）(华南农业大学)1452105221 最新慕课完整章节测试答案

Chapter13测验

1、单选题：
‍______________ can cause a single genotype to produce a range of potential phenotypes.‎‍‎
选项：
A: Epistasis
B: The inbreeding coefficient
C: Hybrid vigor
D: Environmental effects
E: Heritability
答案: 【 Environmental effects】

2、单选题：
‍Knowing the __________ of a trait has great practical importance because it allows statistical predictions regarding the phenotypes of offspring to be made on the basis of the parents’ phenotypes.‍
选项：
A: variance
B: inbreeding coefficient
C: heritability
D: genotype
答案: 【 heritability】

3、单选题：
‎The estimated broad-sense heritability for milk production in a herd of dairy cattle is high.  Which is a valid inference?‏
选项：
A: Most of the variation in milk production in the herd is due to additive genetic variance within the herd.
B: Most of the variation in milk production in the herd is due to dominant genetic variance.
C: Little of the variation in milk production is due to environmental variation within the herd.
D: Selective breeding for high milk production in this herd will be effective.
E: Broad-sense heritability for milk production will be high in most other herds of dairy cattle.
答案: 【 Little of the variation in milk production is due to environmental variation within the herd.】

4、单选题：
‎Total phenotypic variance can be decomposed into all but one of these components:‍
选项：
A: genetic–environment interaction variance.
B: genetic variance.
C: environmental variance.
D: heritability.
答案: 【 heritability.】

5、单选题：
‍QTL mapping requires all of the following except: ​
选项：
A: genetic markers.
B: offspring.
C: a genetic map.
D: a controlled cross.
E: an estimate of homozygosity in the population.
答案: 【 an estimate of homozygosity in the population.】

6、单选题：
​Two highly inbred tobacco plants are crossed. One has dark green leaves. The other has yellow leaves. The F1 have light green leaves. Five hundred progeny from F1 X F1 crosses are analyzed. Their leaves show continuous variation in color, but none has dark green or yellow leaves. What do these data suggest about the number of genes determining this trait?‏
选项：
A: There are 2 genes that determine this trait.
B: There are 3 genes that determine this trait.
C: There are 4 genes that determine this trait.
D: There are more than 4 genes that determine this trait.
答案: 【 There are more than 4 genes that determine this trait.】

7、单选题：

​Distributions A and B in the figure below have

‌

​

‌

​

‌选项：
A: the same mean and the same variance.
B: different means and different variances.
C: the same mean, but different variances.
D: different means, but the same variance.
答案: 【 different means and different variances.】

8、单选题：

‏The graph below shows how yield in two varieties of corn respond to different environmental conditions. Which statement below is true?

‌

‏

‌

‏

‌选项：
A: Under tested conditions, variety 1 out-yields variety 2.
B: Under tested conditions, variety 2 out-yields variety 1.
C: Under tested conditions, variety 2 is more sensitive to environment quality than variety 1.
D: Variety 1 is genetically superior to variety 2.
答案: 【 Under tested conditions, variety 2 is more sensitive to environment quality than variety 1.】

9、单选题：
‎In a normal distribution, 99% of the measurements fall within:​
选项：
A: 1% of the mean.
B: 5% of the mean.
C: plus or minus one standard deviation of the mean.
D: plus or minus two standard deviations of the mean.
E: plus or minus three standard deviations of the mean.
答案: 【 plus or minus three standard deviations of the mean.】

10、判断题：
‌When narrow-sense heritability is high for a particular trait, offspring tend to resemble their parents for that trait. ​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

11、判断题：
‏Heritability indicates the degree to which a characteristic is genetically determined.‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

12、判断题：
‏Narrow-sense heritability is likely to remain the same throughout many generations of a selective breeding program. ‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

13、判断题：
‍Measures of heritability are specific to a defined population in a given environment. ‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

14、判断题：
​The heritability of an individual cannot be estimated. ‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

15、判断题：
‏Height in all organisms is always a continuous trait. ‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

16、判断题：
‏Standard deviation is calculated in the same units as the original measurements, while variance is calculated in units squared.  ‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

17、判断题：
‎Genetic correlations usually result from pleiotropy. ‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

Chapter14测验

1、单选题：
​A Mendelian population is defined by individuals that are:‏
选项：
A: interbreeding.
B: inbreeding.
C: evolving.
D: segregating.
E: migrating.
答案: 【 interbreeding.】

2、单选题：
‏The _____ is all of the genetic information within a Mendelian population.‏
选项：
A: effective population size
B: Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
C: fitness
D: genotypic frequency
E: gene pool 
答案: 【 gene pool 】

3、单选题：
‏A new kind of tulip is produced that develops only purple or pink flowers. Assume that flower color is controlled by a single-gene locus and that the purple allele (C) is dominant to the pink allele (c). A random sample of 1000 tulips from a large cultivated field yields 847 purple flowers and 153 pink flowers. What is the frequency of the purple and pink alleles in this field population?‏
选项：
A: purple allele frequency = 0.847, pink allele frequency = 0.153
B: purple allele frequency = 0.153, pink allele frequency = 0.847
C: purple allele frequency = 0.82, pink allele frequency = 0.18
D: purple allele frequency = 0.61, pink allele frequency = 0.39
E: purple allele frequency = 0.39, pink allele frequency = 0.61
答案: 【 purple allele frequency = 0.61, pink allele frequency = 0.39】

4、单选题：
‎Human blood type is determined by three alleles IA, IB, and IO. The alleles IA and IB are co-dominant to each other, and both are dominant to IO. Within a large, randomly mating population (540,000 individuals), the frequencies for the blood type alleles are 0.3 for the IA allele, 0.6 for the IO allele, and 0.1 for the IB allele. Calculate the expected numbers of people in the population having each of the blood types A, B, AB, and O.​
选项：
A: A = 243,000 people, B = 70,200 people, AB = 32,400 people, and O = 194,400 people
B: A = 162,000 people, B = 54,000 people, AB = 3,240 people, and O = 324,000 people
C: A = 48,600 people, B = 5,400 people, AB = 32,400 people, and O = 194,400 people
D:  A = 194,400 people, B = 64,800 people, AB = 32,400 people, and O = 194,400 people
E: A = 243,000 people, B = 5,400 people, AB = 32,400 people, and O = 194,400 people
答案: 【 A = 243,000 people, B = 70,200 people, AB = 32,400 people, and O = 194,400 people】

5、单选题：
‌Human blood type is determined by three alleles IA, IB, and IO. The alleles IA and IB are co-dominant to each other, and both are dominant to IO. Within a large, randomly mating population (540,000 individuals), the frequencies for the blood type alleles are 0.3 for the IA allele, 0.6 for the IO allele, and 0.1 for the IB allele. What percentage of the type B people are heterozygotes (IBIO)?‌
选项：
A:  12%
B:  13%
C:   92.3%
D:  6%
E: 60%
答案: 【   92.3%】

6、单选题：
‍When considering the gene pool of a population, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium may apply to:‎
选项：
A:  only the entire genome but not individual loci.
B:  one locus but not necessarily another.
C: dominant and recessive alleles but not codominant alleles.
D: only to the effective number of breeders.
E: only autosomal but not X-linked loci.
答案: 【  one locus but not necessarily another.】

7、单选题：
‎Which of the following does NOT bring about evolution in a population?‎
选项：
A: small population size
B: migration of individuals from a population with a different genetic structure
C: mutation
D: selection
E: random mating
答案: 【 random mating】

8、单选题：
‌Suppose that in a population the frequency of a particular recessive condition is 1/400. Assume the presence of only a dominant allele (A) and a recessive allele (a) in the population and that the population is at Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. What is the frequency of the recessive allele that causes the condition?‌
选项：
A: 0.000625
B: 0.0025
C: 0.025
D: 0.05
E: 0.95
答案: 【 0.05】

9、单选题：
‏Suppose that in a population the frequency of a particular recessive condition is 1/400. Assume the presence of only a dominant allele (A) and a recessive allele (a) in the population and that the population is at Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. What is the frequency of heterozygotes in the population?‎
选项：
A:  0.0025
B: 0.05
C: 0.095
D:  0.9025
E: 0.0475
答案: 【 0.095】

10、单选题：
‏If there are two alleles, A and a, in a population and the population is at Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, which frequency of A would produce the greatest frequency of heterozygotes?‎
选项：
A: 0.1
B: 0.25
C: 0.5
D: 0.75
E: 1
答案: 【 0.5】

11、单选题：
‍If there is random mating in a population and no evolutionary forces are acting on the population, what will be the expected outcome?‌
选项：
A: The allelic frequencies will remain the same, but the genotypic distribution will change.
B:  The genotypic distribution will remain the same, but the allelic frequencies will change.
C: Both the genotypic distribution and the allelic frequencies will change.
D: Both the genotypic distribution and the allelic frequencies will remain the same.
E: No prediction can be made about the genotypic distribution and allelic frequencies from one generation to the next.
答案: 【 Both the genotypic distribution and the allelic frequencies will remain the same.】

12、单选题：
‏One way to define _____ is any change in allelic frequencies within a population.‍
选项：
A: mutation
B: natural selection
C: equilibrium
D: evolution
E: sampling error
答案: 【 evolution】

13、单选题：
​When a population is in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and p = 0.1 and q = 0.9, what are the approximate genotypic frequencies?‏
选项：
A: AA = 0.01, Aa = 0.18, aa = 0.81
B: AA = 0.81, Aa = 0.18, aa = 0.01
C: AA = 0.25, Aa = 0.5, aa = 0.25
D: AA = 0.2, Aa = 0.6, aa = 0.2
E: AA = 0.05, Aa = 0.4, aa = 0.55
答案: 【 AA = 0.01, Aa = 0.18, aa = 0.81】

14、单选题：
‏When a population is in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, what is the significance of two alleles with equal frequencies (p = q = 0.5)?‌
选项：
A: These are the allelic frequencies found in most populations.
B: These allelic frequencies maximize the proportion of homozygotes in the population.
C: These allelic frequencies maximize the proportion of heterozygotes in the population.
D:  These allelic frequencies guarantee that neither allele will become fixed in a population.
E: These allelic frequencies minimize the proportion of heterozygotes in the population.
答案: 【 These allelic frequencies maximize the proportion of heterozygotes in the population.】

15、单选题：
‎When a population is in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, what is the approximate frequency of the aa homozygote and the Aa heterozygote when the frequency of AA is approximately 0.5?‌
选项：
A:  aa = 0.25, Aa = 0.25
B: aa = 0.25, Aa = 0.5
C: aa = 0.02, Aa = 0.48
D: aa = 0.1, Aa = 0.4
E: aa = 0.4, Aa = 0.1
答案: 【 aa = 0.1, Aa = 0.4】

16、单选题：
‎You are studying cannibals in Borneo and collect the following data with the two co-dominant M and N blood type alleles (LM, LN) segregating at the single-gene locus. What are the genotypic and allelic frequencies for this population?‎‎‎‎Phenotypes‎‎ M      MN     N       Total # genotypes‎‎287    665   123      1075‎
选项：
A: LM LM  = 0.287, LM LN  = 0.665, LN LN  = 0.123; LM  = 0.885, LN = 0.115
B: LM LM  = 0.267, LM LN  = 0.619, LN LN  = 0.114; LM  = 0.5, LN = 0.5
C:  LM LM  = 0.267, LM LN  = 0.619, LN LN  = 0.114; LM  = 0.267, LN = 0.114
D: LM LM  = 0.267, LM LN  = 0.619, LN LN  = 0.114; LM  = 0.576, LN = 0.424
E: LM LM  = 0.287, LM LN  = 0.665, LN LN  = 0.123; LM  = 0.576, LN = 0.424
答案: 【 LM LM  = 0.267, LM LN  = 0.619, LN LN  = 0.114; LM  = 0.576, LN = 0.424】

17、判断题：
‎All genetic drift arises from sampling errors and chance. ​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

18、判断题：
‏A population may be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for one locus but not for others.‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

19、判断题：
​If an allele is “fixed” in a population, it has a frequency of 1.0. ‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

20、判断题：
‍Inbreeding results in an increase in the frequency of heterozygotes compared to the results of random mating.‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

21、判断题：
​Genetic variation must exist within a population before evolution can take place. ​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

22、判断题：
​Allelic frequencies within populations are affected by dominance and recessiveness.‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

23、判断题：
‌Natural selection is defined as the differential reproduction of genotypes.‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

24、判断题：
‏Overdominance refers to the lack of expression of recessive phenotypes. ‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

25、判断题：
‌The bottleneck effect is a special case of genetic drift.‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

26、判断题：
‌Genetic differences between large, randomly breeding populations are normally maintained during migration between them.​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

Chapter15测验

1、单选题：
‏ __________ speciation arises in the absence of any geographic barrier to gene flow.‌
选项：
A: Autocratic
B: Allopatric
C: Sympatric
D: Parapatric
E: Peripatric
答案: 【 Sympatric】

2、单选题：
‌______ is the splitting of one lineage into two.​
选项：
A: Genesis
B: Anagenesis
C: Phylogenesis
D: Cladogenesis
E: Neogenesis
答案: 【 Cladogenesis】

3、单选题：
‍The observation that some genes are mosaics of other genes can be explained by ______.‏
选项：
A: evolution
B: drift
C: exon shuffling
D: gene duplication
E: pseudogenes
答案: 【 exon shuffling】

4、单选题：
‍______ are sets of genes that are similar in sequence but encode different products.​
选项：
A: Codons
B: Genomes
C: Exons
D: Pseudogenes
E: Multigene families
答案: 【 Multigene families】

5、单选题：
‎Which region of a gene should have the highest rates of substitution?‌
选项：
A: first position of a codon
B: second position of a codon
C: third position of a codon
D: exons
E: untranslated regions
答案: 【 third position of a codon】

6、单选题：
‌______ characteristics evolved from the same character in a common ancestor.‍
选项：
A: Similar
B: Paralogous
C: Homologous
D: Phylogenetic
E: Parsimonious
答案: 【 Homologous】

7、单选题：
‎Support for evolution is NOT found in‍
选项：
A: comparative anatomy.
B: the fossil record.
C: the distributions of species (biogeography).
D: direct observation such as the evolution of pesticide resistance.
E: the change an organism undergoes as it ages.
答案: 【 the change an organism undergoes as it ages.】

8、单选题：
‍Evolution can be defined as _____